A revised and substantially enlarged edition of the Russian book Discrete transformation groups and manifold structures published by Nauka in 1983, this volume presents a comprehensive treatment of the geometric theory of discrete groups and the associated tessellations of the underlying space. Also

Bundles, connections, metrics and curvature are the 'lingua franca' of modern differential geometry and theoretical physics. This book will supply a graduate student in mathematics or theoretical physics with the fundamentals of these objects.
Many of the tools used in differential topology are introduced and the basic results about differentiable manifolds, smooth maps, differential forms, vector fields, Lie groups, and Grassmanians are all presented here. Other material covered includes the basic theorems about geodesics and Jacobi fields, the classification theorem for flat connections, the definition of characteristic classes, and also an introduction to complex and Kahler geometry.
Differential Geometry uses many of the classical examples from, and applications of, the subjects it covers, in particular those where closed form expressions are available, to bring abstract ideas to life. Helpfully, proofs are offered for almost all assertions throughout. All of the introductory material is presented in full and this is the only such source with the classical examples presented in detail.

Gauss diagram invariants are isotopy invariants of oriented knots in- manifolds which are the product of a (not necessarily orientable) surface with an oriented line. The invariants are defined in a combinatorial way using knot diagrams, and they take values in free abelian groups generated by the first homology group of the surface or by the set of free homotopy classes of loops in the surface. There are three main results: 1. The construction of invariants of finite type for arbitrary knots in non orientable 3-manifolds. These invariants can distinguish homotopic knots with homeomorphic complements. 2. Specific invariants of degree 3 for knots in the solid torus. These invariants cannot be generalized for knots in handlebodies of higher genus, in contrast to invariants coming from the theory of skein modules. 2 3. We introduce a special class of knots called global knots, in F x lR and we construct new isotopy invariants, called T-invariants, for global knots. Some T-invariants (but not all !) are of finite type but they cannot be extracted from the generalized Kontsevich integral, which is consequently not the universal invariant of finite type for the restricted class of global knots. We prove that T-invariants separate all global knots of a certain type. 3 As a corollary we prove that certain links in 5 are not invertible without making any use of the link group! Introduction and announcement This work is an introduction into the world of Gauss diagram invariants.

Vladimir Abramovich Rokhlin (8/23/1919-12/03/1984) was one of the leading Russian mathematicians of the second part of the twentieth century. His main achievements were in algebraic topology, real algebraic geometry, and ergodic theory. The volume contains the proceedings of the Conference on Topology, Geometry, and Dynamics: V. A. Rokhlin-Memorial, held from August 19-23, 2019, at The Euler International Mathematics Institute and the Steklov Institute of Mathematics, St. Petersburg, Russia. The articles deal with topology of manifolds, theory of cobordisms, knot theory, geometry of real algebraic manifolds and dynamical systems and related topics. The book also contains Rokhlin's biography supplemented with copies of actual very interesting documents.

This textbook offers readers a self-contained introduction to quantitative Tamarkin category theory. Functioning as a viable alternative to the standard algebraic analysis method, the categorical approach explored in this book makes microlocal sheaf theory accessible to a wide audience of readers interested in symplectic geometry. Much of this material has, until now, been scattered throughout the existing literature; this text finally collects that information into one convenient volume. After providing an overview of symplectic geometry, ranging from its background to modern developments, the author reviews the preliminaries with precision. This refresher ensures readers are prepared for the thorough exploration of the Tamarkin category that follows. A variety of applications appear throughout, such as sheaf quantization, sheaf interleaving distance, and sheaf barcodes from projectors. An appendix offers additional perspectives by highlighting further useful topics. Quantitative Tamarkin Theory is ideal for graduate students interested in symplectic geometry who seek an accessible alternative to the algebraic analysis method. A background in algebra and differential geometry is recommended. This book is part of the "Virtual Series on Symplectic Geometry" http://www.springer.com/series/16019

"Control theory represents an attempt to codify, in mathematical terms, the principles and techniques used in the analysis and design of control systems. Algebraic geometry may, in an elementary way, be viewed as the study of the structure and properties of the solutions of systems of algebraic equations. The aim of this book is to provide access to the methods of algebraic geometry for engineers and applied scientists through the motivated context of control theory" .* The development which culminated with this volume began over twenty-five years ago with a series of lectures at the control group of the Lund Institute of Technology in Sweden. I have sought throughout to strive for clarity, often using constructive methods and giving several proofs of a particular result as well as many examples. The first volume dealt with the simplest control systems (i.e., single input, single output linear time-invariant systems) and with the simplest algebraic geometry (i.e., affine algebraic geometry). While this is quite satisfactory and natural for scalar systems, the study of multi-input, multi-output linear time invariant control systems requires projective algebraic geometry. Thus, this second volume deals with multi-variable linear systems and pro jective algebraic geometry. The results are deeper and less transparent, but are also quite essential to an understanding of linear control theory. A review of * From the Preface to Part 1. viii Preface the scalar theory is included along with a brief summary of affine algebraic geometry (Appendix E)."

The theory of Riemann surfaces occupies a very special place in mathematics. It is a culmination of much of traditional calculus, making surprising connections with geometry and arithmetic. It is an extremely useful part of mathematics, knowledge of which is needed by specialists in many other fields. It provides a model for a large number of more recent developments in areas including manifold topology, global analysis, algebraic geometry, Riemannian geometry, and diverse topics in mathematical physics.
This graduate text on Riemann surface theory proves the fundamental analytical results on the existence of meromorphic functions and the Uniformisation Theorem. The approach taken emphasises PDE methods, applicable more generally in global analysis. The connection with geometric topology, and in particular the role of the mapping class group, is also explained. To this end, some more sophisticated topics have been included, compared with traditional texts at this level. While the treatment is novel, the roots of the subject in traditional calculus and complex analysis are kept well in mind.
Part I sets up the interplay between complex analysis and topology, with the latter treated informally. Part II works as a rapid first course in Riemann surface theory, including elliptic curves. The core of the book is contained in Part III, where the fundamental analytical results are proved. Following this section, the remainder of the text illustrates various facets of the more advanced theory.

This contributed volume explores the applications of various topics in modern differential geometry to the foundations of continuum mechanics. In particular, the contributors use notions from areas such as global analysis, algebraic topology, and geometric measure theory. Chapter authors are experts in their respective areas, and provide important insights from the most recent research. Organized into two parts, the book first covers kinematics, forces, and stress theory, and then addresses defects, uniformity, and homogeneity. Specific topics covered include: Global stress and hyper-stress theories Applications of de Rham currents to singular dislocations Manifolds of mappings for continuum mechanics Kinematics of defects in solid crystals Geometric Continuum Mechanics will appeal to graduate students and researchers in the fields of mechanics, physics, and engineering who seek a more rigorous mathematical understanding of the area. Mathematicians interested in applications of analysis and geometry will also find the topics covered here of interest.

While mathematics students generally meet the Riemann integral early in their undergraduate studies, those whose interests lie more in the direction of applied mathematics will probably find themselves needing to use the Lebesgue or Lebesgue-Stieltjes Integral before they have acquired the necessary theoretical background. This book is aimed at exactly this group of readers. The authors introduce the Lebesgue-Stieltjes integral on the real line as a natural extension of the Riemann integral, making the treatment as practical as possible. They discuss the evaluation of Lebesgue-Stieltjes integrals in detail, as well as the standard convergence theorems, and conclude with a brief discussion of multivariate integrals and surveys of L spaces plus some applications. The whole is rounded off with exercises that extend and illustrate the theory, as well as providing practice in the techniques.

Topics covered in this volume (large deviations, differential geometry, asymptotic expansions, central limit theorems) give a full picture of the current advances in the application of asymptotic methods in mathematical finance, and thereby provide rigorous solutions to important mathematical and financial issues, such as implied volatility asymptotics, local volatility extrapolation, systemic risk and volatility estimation. This volume gathers together ground-breaking results in this field by some of its leading experts. Over the past decade, asymptotic methods have played an increasingly important role in the study of the behaviour of (financial) models. These methods provide a useful alternative to numerical methods in settings where the latter may lose accuracy (in extremes such as small and large strikes, and small maturities), and lead to a clearer understanding of the behaviour of models, and of the influence of parameters on this behaviour. Graduate students, researchers and practitioners will find this book very useful, and the diversity of topics will appeal to people from mathematical finance, probability theory and differential geometry.

This open access book provides an extensive treatment of Hardy inequalities and closely related topics from the point of view of Folland and Stein's homogeneous (Lie) groups. The place where Hardy inequalities and homogeneous groups meet is a beautiful area of mathematics with links to many other subjects. While describing the general theory of Hardy, Rellich, Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg, Sobolev, and other inequalities in the setting of general homogeneous groups, the authors pay particular attention to the special class of stratified groups. In this environment, the theory of Hardy inequalities becomes intricately intertwined with the properties of sub-Laplacians and subelliptic partial differential equations. These topics constitute the core of this book and they are complemented by additional, closely related topics such as uncertainty principles, function spaces on homogeneous groups, the potential theory for stratified groups, and the potential theory for general Hoermander's sums of squares and their fundamental solutions. This monograph is the winner of the 2018 Ferran Sunyer i Balaguer Prize, a prestigious award for books of expository nature presenting the latest developments in an active area of research in mathematics. As can be attested as the winner of such an award, it is a vital contribution to literature of analysis not only because it presents a detailed account of the recent developments in the field, but also because the book is accessible to anyone with a basic level of understanding of analysis. Undergraduate and graduate students as well as researchers from any field of mathematical and physical sciences related to analysis involving functional inequalities or analysis of homogeneous groups will find the text beneficial to deepen their understanding.

An integrated approach to fractals and point processes

This publication provides a complete and integrated presentation of the fields of fractals and point processes, from definitions and measures to analysis and estimation. The authors skillfully demonstrate how fractal-based point processes, established as the intersection of these two fields, are tremendously useful for representing and describing a wide variety of diverse phenomena in the physical and biological sciences. Topics range from information-packet arrivals on a computer network to action-potential occurrences in a neural preparation.

The authors begin with concrete and key examples of fractals and point processes, followed by an introduction to fractals and chaos. Point processes are defined, and a collection of characterizing measures are presented. With the concepts of fractals and point processes thoroughly explored, the authors move on to integrate the two fields of study. Mathematical formulations for several important fractal-based point-process families are provided, as well as an explanation of how various operations modify such processes. The authors also examine analysis and estimation techniques suitable for these processes. Finally, computer network traffic, an important application used to illustrate the various approaches and models set forth in earlier chapters, is discussed.

Throughout the presentation, readers are exposed to a number of important applications that are examined with the aid of a set of point processes drawn from biological signals and computer network traffic. Problems are provided at the end of each chapter allowing readers to put their newfound knowledge into practice, andall solutions are provided in an appendix. An accompanying Web site features links to supplementary materials and tools to assist with data analysis and simulation.

With its focus on applications and numerous solved problem sets, this is an excellent graduate-level text for courses in such diverse fields as statistics, physics, engineering, computer science, psychology, and neuroscience.

An infinite-dimensional manifold is a topological manifold modeled on some infinite-dimensional homogeneous space called a model space. In this book, the following spaces are considered model spaces: Hilbert space (or non-separable Hilbert spaces), the Hilbert cube, dense subspaces of Hilbert spaces being universal spaces for absolute Borel spaces, the direct limit of Euclidean spaces, and the direct limit of Hilbert cubes (which is homeomorphic to the dual of a separable infinite-dimensional Banach space with bounded weak-star topology). This book is designed for graduate students to acquire knowledge of fundamental results on infinite-dimensional manifolds and their characterizations. To read and understand this book, some background is required even for senior graduate students in topology, but that background knowledge is minimized and is listed in the first chapter so that references can easily be found. Almost all necessary background information is found in Geometric Aspects of General Topology, the author's first book. Many kinds of hyperspaces and function spaces are investigated in various branches of mathematics, which are mostly infinite-dimensional. Among them, many examples of infinite-dimensional manifolds have been found. For researchers studying such objects, this book will be very helpful. As outstanding applications of Hilbert cube manifolds, the book contains proofs of the topological invariance of Whitehead torsion and Borsuk's conjecture on the homotopy type of compact ANRs. This is also the first book that presents combinatorial -manifolds, the infinite-dimensional version of combinatorial n-manifolds, and proofs of two remarkable results, that is, any triangulation of each manifold modeled on the direct limit of Euclidean spaces is a combinatorial -manifold and the Hauptvermutung for them is true.

This book provides a self-contained introduction to convex geometry in Euclidean space. After covering the basic concepts and results, it develops Brunn-Minkowski theory, with an exposition of mixed volumes, the Brunn-Minkowski inequality, and some of its consequences, including the isoperimetric inequality. Further central topics are then treated, such as surface area measures, projection functions, zonoids, and geometric valuations. Finally, an introduction to integral-geometric formulas in Euclidean space is provided. The numerous exercises and the supplementary material at the end of each section form an essential part of the book. Convexity is an elementary and natural concept. It plays a key role in many mathematical fields, including functional analysis, optimization, probability theory, and stochastic geometry. Paving the way to the more advanced and specialized literature, the material will be accessible to students in the third year and can be covered in one semester.

This is a college algebra-level textbook written to provide the kind of mathematical knowledge and experiences that students will need for courses in other fields, such as biology, chemistry, business, finance, economics, and other areas that are heavily dependent on data either from laboratory experiments or from other studies. The focus is on the fundamental mathematical concepts and the realistic problem-solving via mathematical modeling rather than the development of algebraic skills that might be needed in calculus. Functions, Data, and Models presents college algebra in a way that differs from almost all college algebra books available today. Rather than going over material covered in high school courses the Gordons teach something new. Students are given an introduction to data analysis and mathematical modeling presented at a level that students with limited algebraic skills can understand. The book contains a rich set of exercises, many of which use real data. Also included are thought experiments or what if questions that are meant to stretch the student s mathematical thinking.

Graduate students and researchers in applied mathematics, optimization, engineering, computer science, and management science will find this book a useful reference which provides an introduction to applications and fundamental theories in nonlinear combinatorial optimization. Nonlinear combinatorial optimization is a new research area within combinatorial optimization and includes numerous applications to technological developments, such as wireless communication, cloud computing, data science, and social networks. Theoretical developments including discrete Newton methods, primal-dual methods with convex relaxation, submodular optimization, discrete DC program, along with several applications are discussed and explored in this book through articles by leading experts.

This book is devoted to geometric problems of foliation theory, in particular those related to extrinsic geometry, modern branch of Riemannian Geometry. The concept of mixed curvature is central to the discussion, and a version of the deep problem of the Ricci curvature for the case of mixed curvature of foliations is examined. The book is divided into five chapters that deal with integral and variation formulas and curvature and dynamics of foliations. Different approaches and methods (local and global, regular and singular) in solving the problems are described using integral and variation formulas, extrinsic geometric flows, generalizations of the Ricci and scalar curvatures, pseudo-Riemannian and metric-affine geometries, and 'computable' Finsler metrics. The book presents the state of the art in geometric and analytical theory of foliations as a continuation of the authors' life-long work in extrinsic geometry. It is designed for newcomers to the field as well as experienced geometers working in Riemannian geometry, foliation theory, differential topology, and a wide range of researchers in differential equations and their applications. It may also be a useful supplement to postgraduate level work and can inspire new interesting topics to explore.

Trace and determinant functionals on operator algebras provide a means of constructing invariants in analysis, topology, differential geometry, analytic number theory, and quantum field theory. The consequent developments around such invariants have led to significant advances both in pure mathematics and theoretical physics. As the fundamental tools of trace theory have become well understood and clear general structures have emerged, so the need for specialist texts which explain the basic theoretical principles and computational techniques has become increasingly urgent. Providing a broad account of the theory of traces and determinants on algebras of differential and pseudodifferential operators over compact manifolds, this text is the first to deal with trace theory in general, encompassing a number of the principle applications and backed up by specific computations which set out in detail the nuts-and-bolts of the basic theory. Both the microanalytic approach to traces and determinants via pseudodifferential operator theory and the more computational approach directed by applications in geometric analysis, are developed in a general framework that will be of interest to mathematicians and physicists in a number of different fields.

A new and complete treatment of semi-abelian degenerations of abelian varieties, and their application to the construction of arithmetic compactifications of Siegel moduli space, with most of the results being published for the first time. Highlights of the book include a classification of semi-abelian schemes, construction of the toroidal and the minimal compactification over the integers, heights for abelian varieties over number fields, and Eichler integrals in several variables, together with a new approach to Siegel modular forms. A valuable source of reference for researchers and graduate students interested in algebraic geometry, Shimura varieties or diophantine geometry.

The book faces the interplay among dynamical properties of semigroups, analytical properties of infinitesimal generators and geometrical properties of Koenigs functions. The book includes precise descriptions of the behavior of trajectories, backward orbits, petals and boundary behavior in general, aiming to give a rather complete picture of all interesting phenomena that occur. In order to fulfill this task, we choose to introduce a new point of view, which is mainly based on the intrinsic dynamical aspects of semigroups in relation with the hyperbolic distance and a deep use of Caratheodory prime ends topology and Gromov hyperbolicity theory. This work is intended both as a reference source for researchers interested in the subject, and as an introductory book for beginners with a (undergraduate) background in real and complex analysis. For this purpose, the book is self-contained and all non-standard (and, mostly, all standard) results are proved in details.

Few people have proved more influential in the field of differential and algebraic geometry, and in showing how this links with mathematical physics, than Nigel Hitchin. Oxford University's Savilian Professor of Geometry has made fundamental contributions in areas as diverse as: spin geometry, instanton and monopole equations, twistor theory, symplectic geometry of moduli spaces, integrables systems, Higgs bundles, Einstein metrics, hyperkahler geometry, Frobenius manifolds, Painleve equations, special Lagrangian geometry and mirror symmetry, theory of grebes, and many more.
He was previously Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, as well as Professor of Mathematics at the University of Warwick, is a Fellow of the Royal Society and has been the President of the London Mathematical Society.
The chapters in this fascinating volume, written by some of the greats in their fields (including four Fields Medalists), show how Hitchin's ideas have impacted on a wide variety of subjects. The book grew out of the Geometry Conference in Honour of Nigel Hitchin, held in Madrid, with some additional contributions, and should be required reading for anyone seeking insights into the overlap between geometry and physics."

We experience elasticity everywhere in daily life: in the straightening or curling of hairs, the irreversible deformations of car bodies after a crash, or the bouncing of elastic balls in ping-pong or soccer. The theory of elasticity is essential to the recent developments of applied and fundamental science, such as the bio-mechanics of DNA filaments and other macro-molecules, and the animation of virtual characters in computer graphics and materials science. In this book, the emphasis is on the elasticity of thin bodies (plates, shells, rods) in connection with geometry. It covers such topics as the mechanics of hairs (curled and straight), the buckling instabilities of stressed plates, including folds and conical points appearing at larger stresses, the geometric rigidity of elastic shells, and the delamination of thin compressed films. It applies general methods of classical analysis, including advanced nonlinear aspects (bifurcation theory, boundary layer analysis), to derive detailed, fully explicit solutions to specific problems. These theoretical concepts are discussed in connection with experiments. The book is self-contained. Mathematical prerequisites are vector analysis and differential equations. The book can serve as a concrete introduction to nonlinear methods in analysis.

The book gathers contributions from the fourth conference on Information Geometry and its Applications, which was held on June 12-17, 2016, at Liblice Castle, Czech Republic on the occasion of Shun-ichi Amari's 80th birthday and was organized by the Czech Academy of Sciences' Institute of Information Theory and Automation. The conference received valuable financial support from the Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences (Information Theory of Cognitive Systems Group), Czech Academy of Sciences' Institute of Information Theory and Automation, and Universita degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata. The aim of the conference was to highlight recent advances in the field of information geometry and to identify new research directions. To this end, the event brought together leading experts in the field who, in invited talks and poster sessions, discussed both theoretical work and achievements in the many fields of application in which information geometry plays an essential role.

The relation between quantum theory and the theory of gravitation remains one of the most outstanding unresolved issues of modern physics. According to general expectation, general relativity as well as quantum (field) theory in a fixed background spacetime cannot be fundamentally correct. Hence there should exist a broader theory comprising both in appropriate limits, i.e., quantum gravity. This book gives readers a comprehensive introduction accessible to interested non-experts to the main issues surrounding the search for quantum gravity. These issues relate to fundamental questions concerning the various formalisms of quantization; specific questions concerning concrete processes, like gravitational collapse or black-hole evaporation; and the all important question concerning the possibility of experimental tests of quantum-gravity effects.

Asymptotic Geometric Analysis is concerned with the geometric and linear properties of finite dimensional objects, normed spaces, and convex bodies, especially with the asymptotics of their various quantitative parameters as the dimension tends to infinity. The deep geometric, probabilistic, and combinatorial methods developed here are used outside the field in many areas of mathematics and mathematical sciences. The Fields Institute Thematic Program in the Fall of 2010 continued an established tradition of previous large-scale programs devoted to the same general research direction. The main directions of the program included:

* Asymptotic theory of convexity and normed spaces

* Concentration of measure and isoperimetric inequalities, optimal transportation approach

* Applications of the concept of concentration

* Connections with transformation groups and Ramsey theory

* Geometrization of probability

* Random matrices

* Connection with asymptotic combinatorics and complexity theory

These directions are represented in this volume and reflect the present state of this important area of research. It will be of benefit to researchers working in a wide range of mathematical sciences in particular functional analysis, combinatorics, convex geometry, dynamical systems, operator algebras, and computer science.