The aim of the Sino-Japan Conference of Young Mathematicians was to provide a forum for presenting and discussing recent trends and developments in differential equations and their applications, as well as to promote scientific exchanges and collaborations among young mathematicians both from China and Japan.The topics discussed in this proceedings include mean curvature flows, KAM theory, N-body problems, flows on Riemannian manifolds, hyperbolic systems, vortices, water waves, and reaction diffusion systems.

This volume contains the proceedings of the conference A Panorama on Singular Varieties, celebrating the 70th birthday of Le Dung Trang, held from February 7-10, 2017, at the University of Seville, IMUS, Seville, Spain. The articles cover a wide range of topics in the study of singularities and should be of great value to graduate students and research faculty who have a basic background in the theory of singularities. This book is published in cooperation with Real Sociedad Matematica Espanola.

See also GEOMETRIC MECHANICS - Part I: Dynamics and Symmetry (2nd Edition) This textbook introduces modern geometric mechanics to advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students in mathematics, physics and engineering. In particular, it explains the dynamics of rotating, spinning and rolling rigid bodies from a geometric viewpoint by formulating their solutions as coadjoint motions generated by Lie groups. The only prerequisites are linear algebra, multivariable calculus and some familiarity with Euler-Lagrange variational principles and canonical Poisson brackets in classical mechanics at the beginning undergraduate level.The book uses familiar concrete examples to explain variational calculus on tangent spaces of Lie groups. Through these examples, the student develops skills in performing computational manipulations, starting from vectors and matrices, working through the theory of quaternions to understand rotations, then transferring these skills to the computation of more abstract adjoint and coadjoint motions, Lie-Poisson Hamiltonian formulations, momentum maps and finally dynamics with nonholonomic constraints.The organisation of the first edition has been preserved in the second edition. However, the substance of the text has been rewritten throughout to improve the flow and to enrich the development of the material. Many worked examples of adjoint and coadjoint actions of Lie groups on smooth manifolds have also been added and the enhanced coursework examples have been expanded. The second edition is ideal for classroom use, student projects and self-study.

The book provides an introduction to Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces. The theory of curves starts with a discussion of possible definitions of the concept of curve, proving in particular the classification of 1-dimensional manifolds. We then present the classical local theory of parametrized plane and space curves (curves in n-dimensional space are discussed in the complementary material): curvature, torsion, Frenet's formulas and the fundamental theorem of the local theory of curves. Then, after a self-contained presentation of degree theory for continuous self-maps of the circumference, we study the global theory of plane curves, introducing winding and rotation numbers, and proving the Jordan curve theorem for curves of class C2, and Hopf theorem on the rotation number of closed simple curves. The local theory of surfaces begins with a comparison of the concept of parametrized (i.e., immersed) surface with the concept of regular (i.e., embedded) surface. We then develop the basic differential geometry of surfaces in R3: definitions, examples, differentiable maps and functions, tangent vectors (presented both as vectors tangent to curves in the surface and as derivations on germs of differentiable functions; we shall consistently use both approaches in the whole book) and orientation. Next we study the several notions of curvature on a surface, stressing both the geometrical meaning of the objects introduced and the algebraic/analytical methods needed to study them via the Gauss map, up to the proof of Gauss' Teorema Egregium. Then we introduce vector fields on a surface (flow, first integrals, integral curves) and geodesics (definition, basic properties, geodesic curvature, and, in the complementary material, a full proof of minimizing properties of geodesics and of the Hopf-Rinow theorem for surfaces). Then we shall present a proof of the celebrated Gauss-Bonnet theorem, both in its local and in its global form, using basic properties (fully proved in the complementary material) of triangulations of surfaces. As an application, we shall prove the Poincare-Hopf theorem on zeroes of vector fields. Finally, the last chapter will be devoted to several important results on the global theory of surfaces, like for instance the characterization of surfaces with constant Gaussian curvature, and the orientability of compact surfaces in R3.

This volume consists of research papers and expository survey articles presented by the invited speakers of the Summer Workshop on Lattice Polytopes. Topics include enumerative, algebraic and geometric combinatorics on lattice polytopes, topological combinatorics, commutative algebra and toric varieties.Readers will find that this volume showcases current trends on lattice polytopes and stimulates further developments of many research areas surrounding this field. With the survey articles, research papers and open problems, this volume provides its fundamental materials for graduate students to learn and researchers to find exciting activities and avenues for further exploration on lattice polytopes.

Written by researchers who have helped found and shape the field, this book is a definitive introduction to geometric modeling. The authors present all of the necessary techniques for curve and surface representations in computer-aided modeling with a focus on how the techniques are used in design. They achieve a balance between mathematical rigor and broad applicability. Appropriate for readers with a moderate degree of mathematical maturity, this book is suitable as an undergraduate or graduate text, or particularly as a resource for self-study.

This book is a comprehensive tool both for self-study and for use as a text in classical geometry. It explains the concepts that form the basis for computer-aided geometric design.

This volume is intended to allow mathematicians and physicists, especially analysts, to learn about nonlinear problems which arise in Riemannian Geometry. Analysis on Riemannian manifolds is a field currently undergoing great development. More and more, analysis proves to be a very powerful means for solving geometrical problems. Conversely, geometry may help us to solve certain problems in analysis. There are several reasons why the topic is difficult and interesting. It is very large and almost unexplored. On the other hand, geometric problems often lead to limiting cases of known problems in analysis, sometimes there is even more than one approach, and the already existing theoretical studies are inadequate to solve them. Each problem has its own particular difficulties. Nevertheless there exist some standard methods which are useful and which we must know to apply them. One should not forget that our problems are motivated by geometry, and that a geometrical argument may simplify the problem under investigation. Examples of this kind are still too rare. This work is neither a systematic study of a mathematical field nor the presentation of a lot of theoretical knowledge. On the contrary, I do my best to limit the text to the essential knowledge. I define as few concepts as possible and give only basic theorems which are useful for our topic. But I hope that the reader will find this sufficient to solve other geometrical problems by analysis.

The literature on the spectral analysis of second order elliptic differential operators contains a great deal of information on the spectral functions for explicitly known spectra. The same is not true, however, for situations where the spectra are not explicitly known. Over the last several years, the author and his colleagues have developed new, innovative methods for the exact analysis of a variety of spectral functions occurring in spectral geometry and under external conditions in statistical mechanics and quantum field theory. Spectral Functions in Mathematics and Physics presents a detailed overview of these advances. The author develops and applies methods for analyzing determinants arising when the external conditions originate from the Casimir effect, dielectric media, scalar backgrounds, and magnetic backgrounds. The zeta function underlies all of these techniques, and the book begins by deriving its basic properties and relations to the spectral functions. The author then uses those relations to develop and apply methods for calculating heat kernel coefficients, functional determinants, and Casimir energies. He also explores applications in the non-relativistic context, in particular applying the techniques to the Bose-Einstein condensation of an ideal Bose gas. Self-contained and clearly written, Spectral Functions in Mathematics and Physics offers a unique opportunity to acquire valuable new techniques, use them in a variety of applications, and be inspired to make further advances.

See also GEOMETRIC MECHANICS - Part I: Dynamics and Symmetry (2nd Edition) This textbook introduces modern geometric mechanics to advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students in mathematics, physics and engineering. In particular, it explains the dynamics of rotating, spinning and rolling rigid bodies from a geometric viewpoint by formulating their solutions as coadjoint motions generated by Lie groups. The only prerequisites are linear algebra, multivariable calculus and some familiarity with Euler-Lagrange variational principles and canonical Poisson brackets in classical mechanics at the beginning undergraduate level.The book uses familiar concrete examples to explain variational calculus on tangent spaces of Lie groups. Through these examples, the student develops skills in performing computational manipulations, starting from vectors and matrices, working through the theory of quaternions to understand rotations, then transferring these skills to the computation of more abstract adjoint and coadjoint motions, Lie-Poisson Hamiltonian formulations, momentum maps and finally dynamics with nonholonomic constraints.The organisation of the first edition has been preserved in the second edition. However, the substance of the text has been rewritten throughout to improve the flow and to enrich the development of the material. Many worked examples of adjoint and coadjoint actions of Lie groups on smooth manifolds have also been added and the enhanced coursework examples have been expanded. The second edition is ideal for classroom use, student projects and self-study.

After a brief description of the evolution of thinking on Finslerian geometry starting from Riemann, Finsler, Berwald and Elie Cartan, the book gives a clear and precise treatment of this geometry. The first three chapters develop the basic notions and methods, introduced by the author, to reach the global problems in Finslerian Geometry. The next five chapters are independent of each other, and deal with among others the geometry of generalized Einstein manifolds, the classification of Finslerian manifolds of constant sectional curvatures. They also give a treatment of isometric, affine, projective and conformal vector fields on the unitary tangent fibre bundle.

Key features

- Theory of connections of vectors and directions on the unitary tangent fibre bundle.
- Complete list of Bianchi identities for a regular conection of directions.
- Geometry of generalized Einstein manifolds.
- Classification of Finslerian manifolds.
- Affine, isometric, conformal and projective vector fields on the unitary tangent fibre bundle.
- Theory of connections of vectors and directions on the unitary tangent fibre bundle.
- Complete list of Bianchi identities for a regular conection of directions.
- Geometry of generalized Einstein manifolds.
- Classification of Finslerian manifolds.
- Affine, isometric, conformal and projective vector fields on the unitary tangent fibre bundle.

Designed for a rigorous first course in ordinary differential equations, Ordinary Differential Equations: Introduction and Qualitative Theory, Third Edition includes basic material such as the existence and properties of solutions, linear equations, autonomous equations, and stability as well as more advanced topics in periodic solutions of nonlinear equations. Requiring only a background in advanced calculus and linear algebra, the text is appropriate for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in mathematics, engineering, physics, chemistry, or biology. This third edition of a highly acclaimed textbook provides a detailed account of the Bendixson theory of solutions of two-dimensional nonlinear autonomous equations, which is a classical subject that has become more prominent in recent biological applications. By using the Poincare method, it gives a unified treatment of the periodic solutions of perturbed equations. This includes the existence and stability of periodic solutions of perturbed nonautonomous and autonomous equations (bifurcation theory). The text shows how topological degree can be applied to extend the results. It also explains that using the averaging method to seek such periodic solutions is a special case of the use of the Poincare method.

This introduction to the representation theory of compact Lie groups follows Herman Weyl 's original approach. It discusses all aspects of finite-dimensional Lie theory, consistently emphasizing the groups themselves. Thus, the presentation is more geometric and analytic than algebraic. It is a useful reference and a source of explicit computations. Each section contains a range of exercises, and 24 figures help illustrate geometric concepts.

This volume contains articles related to the work of the Simons Collaboration "Arithmetic Geometry, Number Theory, and Computation." The papers present mathematical results and algorithms necessary for the development of large-scale databases like the L-functions and Modular Forms Database (LMFDB). The authors aim to develop systematic tools for analyzing Diophantine properties of curves, surfaces, and abelian varieties over number fields and finite fields. The articles also explore examples important for future research. Specific topics include algebraic varieties over finite fields the Chabauty-Coleman method modular forms rational points on curves of small genus S-unit equations and integral points.

Inverse boundary problems are a rapidly developing area of applied mathematics with applications throughout physics and the engineering sciences. However, the mathematical theory of inverse problems remains incomplete and needs further development to aid in the solution of many important practical problems. Inverse Boundary Spectral Problems develop a rigorous theory for solving several types of inverse problems exactly. In it, the authors consider the following: "Can the unknown coefficients of an elliptic partial differential equation be determined from the eigenvalues and the boundary values of the eigenfunctions?" Along with this problem, many inverse problems for heat and wave equations are solved. The authors approach inverse problems in a coordinate invariant way, that is, by applying ideas drawn from differential geometry. To solve them, they apply methods of Riemannian geometry, modern control theory, and the theory of localized wave packets, also known as Gaussian beams. The treatment includes the relevant background of each of these areas. Although the theory of inverse boundary spectral problems has been in development for at least 10 years, until now the literature has been scattered throughout various journals. This self-contained monograph summarizes the relevant concepts and the techniques useful for dealing with them.

The subject matter in this volume is Schwarz's lemma which has become a crucial theme in many branches of research in mathematics for more than a hundred years to date. This volume of lecture notes focuses on its differential geometric developments by several excellent authors including, but not limited to, L Ahlfors, S S Chern, Y C Lu, S T Yau and H L Royden.

This volume can be approached by a reader who has basic knowledge on complex analysis and Riemannian geometry. It contains major historic differential geometric generalizations on Schwarz's lemma and provides the necessary information while making the whole volume as concise as ever.

Although research in curve shortening flow has been very active for nearly 20 years, the results of those efforts have remained scattered throughout the literature. For the first time, The Curve Shortening Problem collects and illuminates those results in a comprehensive, rigorous, and self-contained account of the fundamental results. The authors present a complete treatment of the Gage-Hamilton theorem, a clear, detailed exposition of Grayson's convexity theorem, a systematic discussion of invariant solutions, applications to the existence of simple closed geodesics on a surface, and a new, almost convexity theorem for the generalized curve shortening problem. Many questions regarding curve shortening remain outstanding. With its careful exposition and complete guide to the literature, The Curve Shortening Problem provides not only an outstanding starting point for graduate students and new investigations, but a superb reference that presents intriguing new results for those already active in the field.

Based on a graduate course taught at Utrecht University, this book provides a short introduction to the theory of Foliations and Lie Groupoids to students who have already taken a first course in differential geometry. Ieke Moerdijk and Janez Mrcun include detailed references to enable students to find the requisite background material in the research literature. The text features many exercises and worked examples.