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Books > Science & Mathematics > Physics > Applied physics & special topics > Geophysics
This book introduces the reader to the unique geology of Greece.
This country is a natural geology laboratory that can help us
understand the present-day active geodynamic processes in the
Hellenic orogenic arc, including earthquakes, volcanoes, coastline
changes and other processes of uplift and subsidence, as well as
the intense erosion, transport and deposition of sediments.
Additionally, Greece offers a remarkable geological museum,
reflecting the complex history of the area over the last 300
million years. By studying the rocks of Greece, one can discover
old oceanic basins, e.g. in the Northern Pindos and Othrys
mountains, crystalline rocks of Palaeozoic age, old granitic and
volcanic rocks, as well as other sedimentary rocks including
fossils from the shallow neritic facies to pelagic and abyssal
facies. The younger sediments demonstrate the continuously changing
palaeogeography of Greece, with areas of lakes, high plateaus and
gulfs that are transformed into new forms of islands, peninsulas or
high mountains, etc. All the above subjects are included in the
book, which describes the tectonic structure of the geological
strata, together with the evolutionary stages of the
palaeogeography and geodynamics within the broader Mediterranean
context. A special characteristic of the book is the development of
the orogenic model of the Hellenides with the application of the
tectono-stratigraphic terrane concept in the Tethyan system.
Volcanoes have terrified and, at the same time, fascinated
civilizations for thousands of years. Many aspects of volcanoes,
most notably the eruptive processes and the compositional
variations of magma, have been widely investigated for several
decades and today constitute the core of any volcanology textbook.
Nevertheless, in the last two decades, boosted by the availability
of volcano monitoring data, there has been an increasing interest
in the pre-eruptive processes related to the shallow accumulation
and to the transfer of magma approaching the surface, as well as in
the resulting structure of volcanoes. These are innovative and
essential aspects of modern volcanology and, as driving volcanic
unrest, their understanding also improves hazard assessment and
eruption forecasting. So far, the significant progress made in
unravelling these volcano-tectonic processes has not been supported
by a comprehensive overview. This monograph aims at filling this
gap, describing the pre-eruptive processes related to the
structure, deformation and tectonics of volcanoes, at the local and
regional scale, in any tectonic setting. The monograph is organized
into three sections ("Fundamentals", "Magma migration towards the
surface" and "The regional perspective"), consisting of thirteen
chapters that are lavishly illustrated. The reader is accompanied
in a journey within the volcano factory, discovering the processes
associated with the shallow accumulation of magma and its transfer
towards the surface, how these control the structure of volcanoes
and their activity and, ultimately, improve our ability to estimate
hazard and forecast eruption. The potential readership includes any
academic, researcher and upper undergraduate student interested in
volcanology, magma intrusions, structural geology, tectonics,
geodesy, as well as geology and geophysics in general.
Seismic data must be interpreted using digital signal processing
techniques in order to create accurate representations of petroleum
reservoirs and the interior structure of the Earth. This book
provides an advanced overview of digital signal processing (DSP)
and its applications to exploration seismology using real-world
examples. The book begins by introducing seismic theory, describing
how to identify seismic events in terms of signals and noise, and
how to convert seismic data into the language of DSP. Deterministic
DSP is then covered, together with non-conventional sampling
techniques. The final part covers statistical seismic signal
processing via Wiener optimum filtering, deconvolution,
linear-prediction filtering and seismic wavelet processing. With
over sixty end-of-chapter exercises, seismic data sets and data
processing MATLAB codes included, this is an ideal resource for
electrical engineering students unfamiliar with seismic data, and
for Earth Scientists and petroleum professionals interested in DSP
techniques.
This volume surveys our current scientific understanding of the
terrestrial aurora. It is organized into eleven reviews detailing
theoretical and observational aspects of characteristic auroral
morphologies, and how these in turn are organized according to
local time, latitude, and activity level. Popular descriptions
often attribute the aurora to the interaction of charged particles
from the solar wind with atoms in the upper atmosphere. In fact,
most auroras are not the result of direct entry of solar wind
particles. Rather, as detailed in this volume, auroral particle
acceleration and generation of auroral forms occur primarily within
the magnetosphere. Importantly, many key aspects of the aurora -
most notably, the physical mechanisms responsible for the
generation of discrete arcs - are still unexplained, and auroral
physics continues to be an active area of scientific research. Each
review chapter therefore includes a summary of open questions for
further investigation. Providing the first comprehensive review of
the terrestrial aurora in two decades, this book will aid both
active researchers and newcomers interested in understanding the
current state of the field. Previously published Space Science
Reviews in the Topical Collection "Auroral Physics"
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