This book provides new data and perspectives on the development of 'world religion' in post-colonial societies through an analysis of the development of 'Hinduism' in various parts of Indonesia from the early 20th century to the present. This development has been largely driven by the religious and cultural policy of the Indonesian central government, although the process began during the colonial period as an indigenous response to the introduction of modernity.

This book examines the relationship between globalisation and regionalism through a detailed analysis of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) project. It analyses how the interaction between globalisation and domestic politics shaped the evolution of AFTA over the past 10 years, arguing that although AFTA was triggered primarily by the pressures of globalisation, it was a tussle between the imperatives of growth and domestic distribution that shaped the way economic cooperation unfolded and the forms it took.

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Cross-border regions are newly emerging social spaces stretching across national borders. Globalization makes national borders more permeable and leads to a rearrangement of economic and political interactions. This is particularly pronounced within supra-regional blocs featuring specific internal border regimes. The ensuing opportunities are increasingly seized to create border-spanning discourses and institutions. This is illustrated in the book by a range of experts analyzing cross-border regions in Europe, America, East Asia and Africa.

Globalization has become perhaps the most central--and one of the most contested--terms in the social sciences in the present day. If one wishes to understand the conditions in which different groups of people live today, it seems increasingly impossible to ignore the aspects of those conditions that are seen to be characterized, or influenced, by "global" forces, movements and phenomena. Regarding particular phenomena, no matter how apparently "local" or parochial in nature, as being located within "global" flows or systems or structures, seems today to be a very necessary component of any effective sort of social investigation. Many social scientific scholars in the last decade or so have engaged in a "global turn" in their thinking, investigating key areas and facets of human life--such as work, economy, cities, politics, and media--in terms of how these are being affected, influenced and changed by (what can be taken to be) "globalizing forces." Themes of inter-societal, trans-societal and cross-planetary connections, structures, processes and movements are increasingly central across the social sciences, including sociology, anthropology, geography, political science, economics, international relations, and many humanities disciplines too. Moreover, such themes--and the controversies and polemics often attached to them--have become common currency in many spheres outside the academy, with politicians, businesspeople, political activists and citizens of all varieties taking up ideas associated with "globalization," and deploying them both to make sense of, and also sometimes to try to change, the world around them. This book covers the issues of globalization as they relate to food. Contributors include Carole Counihan, Alan Warde, Pat Caplan, Alex McIntosh, Rick Wilk, Jeff Sobal, Marianne Lien and Krishnendu Ray.

Examines the current state of Iran, looking at a wide range of areas including the economy, finance, politics, the media, the position of women and migration. The book discusses the uneasy balance between the theocratic conservatism, modernisation and globalization. Overall, the book suggests that forces for change in Iran are building up.

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This work argues that due to domestic blockages presented to them in their respective countries, the Amazonian indigenous peoples organized via transnational networks. Through a comparative historical analysis of five Ecuadorian Amazonian indigenous organisations and two transnational Amazonian social movement organisations, the author illustrates the process of transnational collective action and its outcomes.

The practice of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been growing in attention, importance, significance, and acceptance in recent decades. CSR has been included in multiple debates, comments, theories, studies and research around the world. In the last decade, Ibero-America (including Brazil, Portugal, and Spain), has grown in economic terms, and corporate responsible practices have played a key role. A CSR approach in community-based experience has emerged in the last years in this region. This is due to the support of multilateral agencies that have served as a link between government, private sector and society. However, there are still many inequalities in this region. Therefore, this edited book focuses on how CSR and Corporate Governance in Ibero-America have been employed, analyzed, and examined in different sectors and scenarios (companies, NGOs, higher educational institutions, government). It does so from theoretical (theory development), conceptual, methodological, and empirical approaches. It takes a trans-regional approach unlike most research which has been focused on studying specific initiatives or experiences in a particular country.

A seminal study, The University in Development explores how the university is indeed 'in development': pursuing a new 'third' mission of external societal development (alongside its two existing missions of teaching and research), and experiencing a major internal revolution as this impacts on its structural organisation. Already prevalent in many institutions internationally, this third academic mission has begun to pose troubling challenges to existing academic research cultures and systems in South Africa. Emerging from an extended longitudinal study, The University in Development provides a powerful analysis of the complex nexus of transformation occurring between universities and the rapidly changing global society of which they form a part. Embedded within the book is a central theoretical claim: that driving this new international transformation within universities is a global post-1970s new capitalist industrial revolution, with economies seeking out use-inspired basic research at universities in order to survive and grow within the competitive international market. The analysis thus provides new understandings of current concepts of 'globalisation', 'use-oriented' research, 'knowledge society and economy', and 'national system of innovation'. The book is structured in three parts. While the first considers case studies of this academic transformation globally, the second part homes in on new research centres at Western Cape universities to examine the combination of creativity and disruption arising as this third academic mission evolves in South Africa. Part 3 argues that new visions, concepts and policies of research are needed, if our universities are to unlock their 'knowledges' for societal development, with greater social justice not only for industry but also for civil society.

This seventh volume in the Academy of Internation Business series focuses on the European dimensions of international business and presents the work of leading scholars. Increasingly dominant views held about globalization and universal modes of management are explored and challenged through three core themes: the European dimensions of human resource management; multinational subsidiary operations; and emerging issues for the future of international business in Europe.

The WTO has laid the foundations for a new era of trade relations, and increased trade liberalization has improved global efficiency in production and consumption. The strengthening of trade rules, however, has increased the scope for disputes over interpretations of more extensive and complicated agreements, and has spilt over into environmental and scientific matters. One of the unforeseen consequences of the WTO agreements has been controversy over risk. This volume explores aspects of risk with special reference to the WTO, where national instruments to reduce risk may conflict with international trade rules. The book is divided into sections dealing with: * accounting for risk in trade agreements * risk and the WTO * managing risk in policy making * negotiating experience with risk * national risks and quarantine standards * managing biotechnology. The chapters offer many perspectives on risk assessment and benefit from a rich diversity of approaches as befits contributions from authors with backgrounds in law, economics, political science and environmental and natural science as well as policy making. Globalization and the Environment is a fascinating book that will draw its readership from these fields.

International capital mobility is a fundamental aspect of the political economy of globalization, and this study develops a new framework for understanding this crucial phenomenon. Matthew Watson draws a distinction between the spatial and the functional mobility of capital, allowing fresh insights into existing work on the subject whilst repoliticizing the very idea of capital being 'in motion'. The dynamics of capital mobility and the patterns of risk exposure are illustrated through four cases: the Asian financial crisis; the Tobin tax; the Enron affair; and the proposed consolidation of the European stock market.

Building the Republican State is an insightful analysis of the new state and the new public management that is emerging in the twenty-first century. It presents the historical stages that led to the modern state, identifies a crisis of the nation-state and its origins in a fiscal crisis and in globalization, and situates public management in the last phase - the social-liberal and republican state. To understand such stages the author develops the theory of republican rights, as a fourth type of citizenship right, after the civil, the political, and the social rights. The book contains an original model of reform, in which the roles of the state, the forms of ownership, the types of public administration, and the organizational-institutions indicated in each situation are put together. Additionally, the book discusses the political theories behind the reform, and its political implications. Throughout the book, the author underlines the complementary roles of markets and the state, and the importance of building state capacity to assure administrative efficiency, always having in count the 'democratic constraint', i.e., the prevalence of the political over the economic realm. This is essential reading both for those studying political theory and government reform, as well as for anyone interested in state politics and globalization.

In the second half of 1997 Thailand, Malaysia, Korea and Indonesia experienced a massive outflow of foreign capital - more than $100 billion. The effects of this rival the worst years of the Latin American debt crisis and the early years of the Great Depression. The Asian crisis demonstrates how interconnected the global economy has become, and this book is the first attempt, by an international group of experts, to understand the Asian financial crisis by taking into account the dynamics of private capital flows. The authors answer some of the most important questions relating to the Asian crisis, and seek to find solutions to prevent such crises occurring again, including: * what caused the crisis in Asian countries? * why did most analysts fail to anticipate the crisis? * why were the effects so severe? * what is the key to recovery in Asia and other crisis countries? * what can be done to prevent such a crisis from occurring again? * how can the international system deal with such circumstances more successfully? Private Capital Flows in the Age of Globalization will be invaluable to policymakers, investors and scholars working in the fields of money, finance and banking, Asian studies, development and international economics.

After nearly two decades of market liberalizing reforms in the Americas, small and medium size enterprises (SMEs)--the backbone of capitalization the world over--have expanded and deepened their presence in the region. This book highlights the continuing liberalization measures nations are adopting to facilitate SME creation and growth, the remaining barriers that have not yet been torn down (e.g. business licensing procedures, credit access, work rules) as well as new regulatory and financial impediments that have been threatening SME sector gains during the last decade. Using case studies from Latin America's big emerging markets along with the case of Costa Rica's important laboratory for entrepreneurship, the contributors address the current and prospective outlook for Latin American entrepreneurs and their enterprises in the new global environment.

Splintering Urbanism offers a path-breaking analysis of the nature of the urban condition at the start of the new millennium. Adopting a global and interdisciplinary perspective, it reveals how new technologies and increasingly privatised systems of infrastructure provision - telecommunications, highways, urban streets, energy, and water - are supporting the splintering of metropolitan areas across the world. The result is a new 'socio-technical' way of understanding contemporary urban change, which brings together discussions about:
* globalisation and the city
* the urban and social effects of new technology
* urban, architectural and social theory
* social polarisation, marginalisation and democratisation
* infrastructure, architecture and the built environment
* developed, developing and post-communist cities.



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Globalization, the shape of cities, the future of cities, the increasing gap between rich and poor inhabitants, and ethnic and racial segregation, are the key themes of this book. From their experiences of a wide range of cities, from Warsaw to Istanbul, Sao Paulo to New York, the authors examine what might be done to improve the lot of the citizen.

Contents:
Introduction Morten Balling
1. In search of anchors for financial and monetary stability Andrew Crockett
2. Banking consolidation in Europe Jacques de Larosière
3. Monetary policy and financial stability in a dynamic world Klaus Liebscher
4. A new capital adequacy framework for Europe Claes Norgren
5. Is a Euroland banking system already emerging? Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa
6. Fiscal discipline and exchange rate regimes: A case for currency boards? Enrique Alberola and Luis Molina
7. Country risk analysis in the light of emerging market crisis Josef Christl and Thomas Spanel
8. Foreign and domestic bank participation in emerging markets: Lessons from Mexico and Argentina B. Gerard Dages, Linda Goldberg and Daniel Kinney
9. Financial stability in the euro area - some lessons from US financial history E. Philip Davis
10. Strategies developed by Spanish banks for adapting to financial globalisation: Mergers, acquisitions and other strategies Ignacio Fuentes and Teresa Sastre
11. Globalisation and Payment Intermediation Hans Geiger
12. A theoretical model of consumer behaviour in the financial services industry Barry Howcroft
13. Inflation, monetary transparency, and G3 exchange volatility Kenneth N. Kuttner and Adam S. Posen
14. Challenges to the structure of financial supervision in the EU Karel Lannoo
15. Financial industry mergers and acquisitions: Evaluating the strategies of diversification or concentration Gary Santry
16. Impact of globalisation on efficiency in the European banking industry: What can we learn from the cost to income ratio? Peter Van Dijcke

This book explores the social and cultural dimensions of Japan's global presence. Japan's expansion and presence as an economic giant is witnessed on an everyday basis. Both consciously and unconsciously, we regularly come into contact with Japan's industrial and cultural globalization, from cameras and automobiles to judo, cuisine or animation. Japan's presence in the popular imagination is heavily influenced both by the country's historical past and its global present.
The book's panel of expert contributors use thorough ethnographic accounts to examine the country's influence and image abroad. They examine areas including:
* Japanese multinational corporations
* Consumption of its popular music in Hong Kong
* Japanese photography in America
* Perceptions of Japan in France and Korea
* A much needed corrective to the ethnocentrism of a great deal of the existing literature on globalization, this unique and fascinating ethnography is essential reading for students and scholars of Japanese Studies, Anthropology and Cultural Studies.

Wastelands is an exploration of trash, the scavengers who collect it, and the precarious communities it sustains. After enduring war and persecution in Kosovo, many Ashkali refugees fled to Belgrade, Serbia, where they were stigmatized as Gypsies, consigned to slums, sidelined from the economy, and subjected to violence. To survive, Ashkali collect the only resource available to them: garbage. Vividly recounting everyday life in an illegal Romani settlement, Eirik Saethre follows Ashkali as they scavenge through dumpsters, build shacks, siphon electricity, negotiate the recycling trade, and migrate between Belgrade, Kosovo, and the European Union. He argues that trash is not just a means of survival: it reinforces the status of Ashkali and Roma as polluted Others, creates indissoluble bonds to transnational capitalism, enfeebles bodies, and establishes a localized sovereignty.

This book discusses the way in which economic integration and preferential trade agreements reinforce or alter the existing location of industries. Using a conceptual approach with real life examples, the author seeks to clarify and explain the key tendencies of the relationship and influence between spatial distribution of production and economic integration.
Geography of Production and Economic Integration will develop students', specialists' and policymakers' understanding of this highly topical subject.

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This book tackles the important task of readdressing and updating the concept of 'society', developing a new theory of society for our times. Taking characteristic elements of our times into account, the book explores society in the context of both globalization and conflict theory and uses Europe as a test case due to its unique position between the nation state and society and between the global and the local. Rejuvenating the concept of society and advancing an original and enhanced understanding of society today, this book will appeal to scholars in Sociology, Politics, Social Theory and European Studies.

The greatest political debate of our time is about the blind rush towards a single global economy, its consequences for jobs, democracy, human well-being and cultural diversity, and its impact on the natural world that sustains us. Its effects will be profound and irreversible, but globalization itself is not inevitable. In "The Case Against the Global Economy", 24 leading economic, agricultural, cultural and environmental authorities, drawn from across the world, argue that free trade and economic globalization are producing exactly the opposite results to those promised. From a detailed analysis of the new global economy, its structures and its full social and ecological implications, they show how it is undermining our liberty, our security and our well-being, and is devastating the planet.;First published in the USA in 1996, in an edition focused on North America, the book won the American Political Science Association award for the "Best Book in Ecological and Transformational Politics". This completely revised and updated international edition presents a passionate and persuasive case for the need to reverse course, away from globalization and towards a revitalized democracy,

In an era of accelerating change in the world economy, services are assuming greater importance for the economies of both developed and developing countries. As technological developments allow increasing tradeability of services, huge global firms are offering services across national boundaries. This book explores the global impact of this economic phenomenon from both empirical and theoretical perspectives. A range of international authors, including both academics and representatives of major international organisations, offer contributions in two key areas: case studies covering a wide range of service industries, from consumer services, such as hotels and airlines, to professional business-to-business services; and theories and paradigms of economic behaviour. The book questions whether traditional models developed with manufacturing industries in mind are applicable to the service sector, and suggests new directions for economic theory. Globalization of Services therefore offers economists both a wealth of new source material and a fresh perspective on the modern global economy.

European economies are becoming increasingly integrated, and at the same time, the world economy is becoming global. This has raised questions about the specific strategies followed by transnational companies. It also raises the issue of whether the drive towards integration is compatible with that towards globalization strategies; whether, and to what extent, they strengthen each other. "European Integration and Global Corporate Strategies" explores the links between the options of world-wide globalization and European integration which are open to today's corporations, highlighting whether there are conflicts or complementaries between them. The book is divided into two parts: the first part looks at specific mechanisms and trends of globalization in the context of changes due to European integration. The second part considers the role of innovation and technology diffusion as part of the integration and globalization strategies. All the contributors are experts from Britain, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain. This book should be of particular interest to students and researchers in the fields of business, economics, politics and European studies.

This book asks if it is time to "reboot" the fundamental institutions of global international society. The volume revisits Hedley Bull's seminal contribution The Anarchical Society by exploring the interconnected nature of change, contestation and resilience for maintaining order in today's uncertain and complex environment. The volume adds to Bull's theorizing by recognizing that order demands change, that contestation should be welcomed, and that resilience is anchored in local and agent-led forms of ordering. The contributors to Part One of the book focus on theoretical and conceptual issues related to order in the global international society, whilst the contributors to Part Two of the book focus on the primary institutions as listed by Hedley Bull with the addition of a chapter on the market adding a distinctive commentary on new and important dynamics of change, contestation and resilience of the existing institutions.