Asphalt Mix Design and Construction: Past, Present, and Future is a special publication focusing on the history, development, trends, and evolution of hot mix asphalt (HMA) design and pavement construction. This committee report contains four papers that were presented at a special technical session, ""Evaluation of Bituminous Materials Mix-Design & Superpave,"" of the Conference to celebrate the 150th Anniversary of ASCE in Washington, D.C. on November 3, 2002. These papers discuss bituminous materials in mix-design, the future of asphalt pavements, modified asphalt binders, and quality control and assurance. This report offers a historical perspective into the field of asphalt design and construction. It will benefit consulting engineers, contractors, government officials and engineers at various levels, and university students, educators, and researchers.

This textbook lays out the state of the art for modeling of asphalt concrete as the major structural component of flexible pavements. The text adopts a pedagogy in which a scientific approach, based on materials science and continuum mechanics, predicts the performance of any configuration of flexible roadways subjected to cyclic loadings. The authors incorporate state-of the-art computational mechanics to predict the evolution of material properties, stresses and strains, and roadway deterioration. Designed specifically for both students and practitioners, the book presents fundamentally complex concepts in a clear and concise way that aids the roadway design community to assimilate the tools for designing sustainable roadways using both traditional and innovative technologies.

This book reports on an operational management approach to improving bike-sharing systems by compensating for fluctuating demand patterns. The aim is to redistribute bikes within the system, allowing it to be "actively" balanced. The book describes a mathematical model, as well as data-driven and simulation-based approaches. Further, it shows how these elements can be combined in a decision-making support system for service providers. In closing, the book uses real-world data to evaluate the method developed and demonstrates that it can successfully anticipate changes in demand, thus supporting efficient scheduling of transport vehicles to manually relocate bikes between stations.

A brief history of Boston's Big Dig, the largest public works project in American history.

This book gathers papers presented at the International Conference "Vision Zero for Sustainable Road Safety in Baltic Sea Region", held on December 2018 at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, in Vilnius, Lithuania. Taking as a starting point the multi-national road traffic safety program Vision Zero, originated in Sweden in 1995, the book aims at showing the current situation in different countries, in terms of achieved results and new challenges in both policy implementation and available technologies. A special emphasis is given to themes such as safety of smart vehicles, human factors, public education, and urban planning. The book offers an extensive source of information and ideas concerning innovative transportation technologies and infrastructure. It addresses both researchers and decision-makers in this field.

A comprehensive, state-of-the-art resource on pavement design and materials

With innovations ranging from the advent of Superpave, the data generated by the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) project, to the recent release of the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide developed under NCHRP Study 1-37A, the field of pavement engineering is experiencing significant development. Pavement Design and Materials is a practical reference for both students and practicing engineers that explores all the aspects of pavement engineering, including materials, analysis, design, evaluation, and economic analysis.

Historically, numerous techniques have been applied by a multitude of jurisdictions dealing with roadway pavements. This book focuses on the best-established, currently applicable techniques available.

Pavement Design and Materials offers complete coverage of:

The characterization of traffic input

The characterization of pavement bases/subgrades and aggregates

Asphalt binder and asphalt concrete characterization

Portland cement and concrete characterization

Analysis of flexible and rigid pavements

Pavement evaluation

Environmental effects on pavements

The design of flexible and rigid pavements

Pavement rehabilitation

Economic analysis of alternative pavement designs

The coverage is accompanied by suggestions for software for implementing various analytical techniques described in these chapters. These tools are easily accessible through the book's companion Web site, which is constantly updated to ensure that the reader finds the most up-to-date software available.

In recent years, transportation research has seen a gradual shift from trip-based, via tour-based to activity-based models, in an effort to capture the true complexity of travel behaviour. This volume reflects an eventful decade of development and application of activity-based models. In three extensive sections, it: reviews a range of approaches to incorporating increased complexity in models; discusses how to obtain the rich data necessary to support complex models; and reports on real applications in action. This is an essential reading for any researcher or practitioner wishing to keep abreast of this key area of transportation research.

The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, or MUTCD defines the standards used by road managers nationwide to install and maintain traffic control devices on all public streets, highways, bikeways, and private roads open to public traffic. The MUTCD is published by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) under 23 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 655, Subpart F. The MUTCD, which has been administered by the FHWA since 1971, is a compilation of national standards for all traffic control devices, including road markings, highway signs, and traffic signals. It is updated periodically to accommodate the nation's changing transportation needs and address new safety technologies, traffic control tools and traffic management techniques. On May 14, 2012 final rules adopting Revisions 1 and 2 of the 2009, MUTCD were published in the Federal Register with an effective date of June 13, 2012. These are also included in this manual

Hardbound. This volume contains forty of the papers presented at the International Conference on Mathematics in Transport Planning and Control which was held at Cardiff University from 1-3 April, 1998. This was the third such conference run under the auspices of the Institute of Mathematics and Its Applications, the first being held at the University of Surrey in 1979, and the second at Cardiff University in 1989. Over fifty papers were submitted for presentation at the conference.It will be clear from the contents that mathematical ideas and methodologies continue to play a prominent part in the description and solution of the many and varied problems that are being currently investigated in quite diverse areas of transport research. Applications will be found on transport planning, congestion, assignment, networks, signalling, road safety, and environmental issues.

In recent years, highway maintenance has become a high profile topic, owning to the greater travel potential of the general public and to the impact of roadworks on commerce following the swing away from rail transport. Highway maintenance was once a low-key activity, but it is now being treated as an important consideration in the overall cost of providing the nation's infrastructure. Roads have assumed an increasingly important role in this process, particularly during the past 30 years as a result of the motorway building programme.

Traffic crashes are one of the ten leading causes of deaths worldwide, and the leading cause of death for young people in the western world - a seemingly necessary evil that accompanies increasing levels of motorization. In this comprehensive 2nd edition of the classic "Traffic Safety and Human Behavior" Dr David Shinar provides a theoretical framework and a critical evaluation of the most recent research findings to comprehend the complexity of traffic safety and the central role that road users - drivers, motorcyclists, bicyclists, and pedestrians play in it. In the new edition of approximately 1000 pages with nearly 300 graphs and tables, Shinar covers the key issues that relate human behavior to traffic safety and the impact that cultural, policy, and technological changes have on them. In particular the new edition covers the increasing roles that pedestrians and cyclists have in the traffic system and the need to accommodate them; the intrusion of infotainment and its role in driver distraction; and the increasing role of crash-prevention and driver assistance systems in changing the driver-vehicle interaction.

This volume analyses the relevance of daily travel in the quality of life of individuals. It provides a broad understanding of the links between life satisfaction, well-being and travel, the importance of commuting, and different evaluations and measures to assess the experience of commuting and quality of life. Chapters in this book relate travel and quality of life to the built environment, accessibility and exclusion, travel mode choice, travel satisfaction and emotions. It brings together distinguished researchers from a variety of academic backgrounds providing conceptualizations and applications, presented as case studies, for daily travel and well-being. Findings presented in this book are highly relevant for transport planners, transport marketers, public transport authorities, and environmental professionals in the pursuit of improving people's life.

Der Schienenguterverkehr ist im Hinblick auf den Klimaschutz zu einem Hoffnungstrager fur mehr Nachhaltigkeit im Verkehrssektor geworden. Fur die Transportverlagerung von Gutern auf die Schiene ist es notwendig, die Einsatzmoeglichkeiten dieses Verkehrstragers zu erweitern. Dabei stellen die Schaffung foerderlicher Rahmenbedingungen, die Digitalisierung sowie der Einsatz weiterer Innovationen wesentliche Hebel dar, um die notwendigen Prozesse der Transportdurchfuhrung so effektiv und verlasslich wie moeglich zu gestalten. Das Buch beschreibt die Grundlagen des Verkehrstragers Schiene. Es zeigt, was der Schienenguterverkehr leisten kann, wo seine Schwachen liegen, welche Grundlagen der Bahntechnik aus der Perspektive des SGV zu beachten und welche Ressourcen notwendig sind. Zahlreiche Beispiele bieten einen Einblick in den Wandel der nationalstaatlich gepragten Bahnsysteme hin zum fuhrenden, landerubergreifenden Transportsystem fur Green Logistics.

Mobilitat dominiert unser Leben. Der Strassenverkehr ist sowohl Keimzelle als auch Lebensader unserer modernen Gesellschaft. Doch wie kann man diesen fassen, planen und berechnen? Wahrend der oeffentliche Nahverkehr zumeist vorgegebenen Strukturen folgt - wie zum Beispiel ein Zug seinen Schienen - wirken die Bewegungen des Individualverkehrs chaotisch fur den aussenstehenden Beobachter. Dieses essential bringt Ordnung in das Chaos und setzt sich mit der mikroskopischen Verkehrssimulation auseinander. Michael Moltenbrey konzentriert sich auf die Vermittlung eines sehr einfachen und rudimentaren Verkehrsmodells, welches die Bewegungen einzelner Fahrzeuge abbildet. Auf den ersten Blick sind die Bewegungen der einzelnen Verkehrsteilnehmer unvorhersehbar. Auf den zweiten erkennt man wiederkehrende Strukturen und Muster, die helfen, das Gesamtkonzept Verkehr besser zu erfassen.

Public space is an essence of urban life, of a city's living quality. The (re-) transformation of space today used by the dense traffic prevalent in urban areas into truly public space is a highly effective way to increase its quality and quantity in cities of all sizes and larger metropolitan areas. The starting point of any such increase is to ensure a better balance between the various uses of space: more room for pause and the slow traffic of pedestrians and cyclists, less for handling of goods and the faster, passive mobility by car. Traditional planning principles in urban and traffic design will no longer do; new approaches and instruments are required. This new book introduces to the reader these approaches and instruments, affecting the actual design as well as the planning process, as creative strategies rather than as a rigid set of rules. It is about networking, co-production, involving local businesses, co-usage of space, circular metabolism, and an appropriate aesthetic. Using inspiring reference projects as well as their own work, architects and urban designers Stefan Bendiks und Aglaee Degros offer a forward-looking insight into how traffic space can become much needed public space. Text in English and German.

A practical manual for non-engineers which describes the design and construction of earth roads with a usage of up to 50 vehicles per day. Drainage, road planning, the actual construction and subsequent maintenance operations are all dealt with.

Dieses Buch ist eine strukturierte Einfuhrung in das europaweit einheitliche Zugbeeinflussungssystem ETCS (European Train Control System). Der Autor fuhrt in die Motivation und Rechtsgrundlagen des ETCS ein. Der Aufbau der unterschiedlichen Ausrustungsstufen wird dargestellt und die einzelnen Komponenten der Fahrzeug- und Streckeneinrichtung beschrieben. Die umfassende Darstellung der technischen Grundprinzipien des ETCS umfasst sowohl die Sicherungsfunktionen als auch ihre Umsetzung in den unterschiedlichen Betriebsarten. Die Kenntnis dieser technischen Zusammenhange schafft ein Verstandnis, wie ETCS zukunftig einen Beitrag zu einem sicheren, wirtschaftlichen und leistungsfahigen Bahnbetrieb leisten kann. Zusatzliche Fragen per App: Laden Sie die Springer Nature Flashcards-App kostenlos herunter und nutzen Sie exklusives Zusatzmaterial, um Ihr Wissen zu prufen.

Innerstadtische Schienenverkehrssysteme stossen bei steigender Verkehrsnachfrage zunehmend an ihre Grenzen. Die Sicherheit und die Leistungsfahigkeit dieser Verkehrssysteme werden wesentlich durch die eingesetzte Leit- und Sicherungstechnik bestimmt. Eine Ausweitung des Verkehrsangebots erfordert leistungsfahige signaltechnische Systeme, die als Communications-Based Train Control Systeme (CBTC) bezeichnet werden. In diesem Buch stellt der Autor die Systemumgebung dar, in die sich die CBTC-Systeme in Nahverkehrsunternehmen integrieren. Es wird gezeigt, welchen Beitrag die einzelnen Sicherungsfunktionen von CBTC-Loesungen zur Gefahrdungsbeherrschung leisten und wie technische Systeme mit zunehmender Automatisierung sukzessive mehr Funktionen vom Menschen ubernehmen. Zum Abschluss werden an CBTC-Systeme gestellte nicht-funktionale Anforderungen wie Sicherheit, Verfugbarkeit, Leistungsfahigkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit diskutiert und Faktoren einer erfolgreichen Abwicklung komplexer signaltechnischer Erneuerungsprojekte aufgezeigt. Zusatzliche Fragen per App: Laden Sie die Springer Nature Flashcards-App kostenlos herunter und nutzen Sie exklusives Zusatzmaterial, um Ihr Wissen zu prufen.

A revision of the classic text on railroad engineering, considered the ``bible'' of the field for three decades. Presents railroad engineering principles quantitatively but without excessive resort to mathematics, and applies these principles to day-by-day design, construction, operation, and maintenance. Relates practice to principles in an orderly, sequential pattern (subgrade, ballast, ties, rails). Applicable to both conventional railroads and rapid transit systems.

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) play a key role to develop Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) aiming to achieve road safety and to guaranty needs of drivers and passengers, in addition to improve the transportation productivity. One of the most important challenges of this kind of networks is the data routing between VANET nodes which should be routed with high level of Quality of Service (QoS) to ensure receiving messages in the time. Then, the driver can take the appropriate decision to improve the road safety. In the literature, there are several routing protocols for VANETs which are more or less reliable to reach safety requirements. In this book, we start by describing all VANET basic concepts such as VANET definition, VANET versus Mobile ad-Hoc Network (MANET), architectures, routing definition and steps, Quality of Service (QoS) for VANET Routing, Metrics of evaluation, Experimentation, and simulation of VANETs, mobility patterns of VANET etc. Moreover, different routing protocols for routing in VANETs will be described. We propose two main categories to be presented: classical routing and bio-inspired routing. Concerning classical VANET, main principles and all phases will be overviewed, as well as, their two sub-categories which are topological and geographical protocols. After that, we propose a new category called bio-inspired routing which is inspired by natural phenomenon such as Ant colony, Bee life, Genetic operators etc. We present also, some referential protocols as example of each category. In this book, we focus on the idea of how to apply bio-inspired principle into VANET routing to improve road safety, and to ensure QoS of vehicular applications.

There has been a phenomenal growth in video applications over the past few years. An accurate traffic model of Variable Bit Rate (VBR) video is necessary for performance evaluation of a network design and for generating synthetic traffic that can be used for benchmarking a network. A large number of models for VBR video traffic have been proposed in the literature for different types of video in the past 20 years. Here, the authors have classified and surveyed these models and have also evaluated the models for H.264 AVC and MVC encoded video and discussed their findings.