This book presents approaches to address key challenges based on a vehicle level view and with a special emphasis on Drive-by-Wire systems. The design and testing of modern vehicle electronics are becoming more and more demanding due to increasing interdependencies among components and the safety criticality of tasks. The development towards Drive-by-Wire functionalities in vehicles with multiple actuators for vehicle control further increases the challenge. The book explicitly takes into account the interactions between components and aims at bridging the gap between the need to generate additional customer benefits and the effort to achieve functional safety. The book follows a twofold approach: on the one side, it presents a toolchain to support efficient further development of novel functionalities for Drive-by-Wire vehicles. The toolchain comprises appropriate software tools and scaled and full-scale experimental vehicles. On the other side, development towards functionally safe and flexible Drive-by-Wire vehicles is addressed by proposing a top-down designed architecture for vehicle electronics that is enabled by suitable mechanisms. The resulting goal achievement with regard to functional safety is evaluated based on a novel hierarchical approach.

Vehicle dynamics and road dynamics are usually considered to be two largely independent subjects. In vehicle dynamics, road surface roughness is generally regarded as random excitation of the vehicle, while in road dynamics, the vehicle is generally regarded as a moving load acting on the pavement. This book suggests a new research concept to integrate the vehicle and the road system with the help of a tire model, and establishes a cross-subject research framework dubbed vehicle-pavement coupled system dynamics. In this context, the dynamics of the vehicle, road and the vehicle-road coupled system are investigated by means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulations and field tests. This book will be a valuable resource for university professors, graduate students and engineers majoring in automotive design, mechanical engineering, highway engineering and other related areas. Shaopu Yang is a professor and deputy president of Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, China; Liqun Chen is a professor at Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Shaohua Li is a professor at Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, China.

This book presents a general method that lawyers, prosecutors and judges can follows to assess the quality and scientific content of technical work done for an accident and crime scene reconstruction. Using multilevel sequence of events analysis allows all key events to be fully identified, which in turn assists judicial bodies in identifying where to assign specific criminal liability. Created from a concept long sought by the two authors (an engineer and an attorney), the method allows readers without any technical background to progress from an examination of evidence gathered at the scene of a complex accident and to reconstruct "beyond reasonable doubt" the events that took place. Once created and scientifically verified by the sequence of events analysis, the chain of key events serves as a reference source for various levels of complex organizations and inter-organization structures in cases involving complex criminal responsibilities.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Transport Systems Telematics, TST 2016, held in Katowice-Ustron, Poland, in March 2016. The 37 full and 5 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 110 submissions. They present and organize the knowledge from within the field of intelligent transportation systems, the specific solutions applied in it and their influence on improving efficiency of transport systems.

Michal Markiewicz presents the outcomes of his research regarding the influence of dynamic route guidance system on overall emission of carbon dioxide from road transport in rural areas. Sustainable transportation in smart cities is a big challenge of our time, but before electric vehicles replace vehicles that burn fossil fuels we have to think about traffic optimization methods that reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions.

This contributed volume contains the selected and reviewed papers of the 2nd Interdisciplinary Conference on Production, Logistics and Traffic (ICPLT) 2015, Dortmund, Germany. The topical focus lies on economic, ecological and societal issues related to commercial transport. The authors are international experts and the paper collection presents the state-of-the-art in the field, thus making this book a valuable read for both practitioners and researchers.

This edited volume presents the proceedings of the AMAA 2015 conference, Berlin, Germany. The topical focus of the 2015 conference lies on smart systems for green and automated driving. The automobile of the future has to respond to two major trends, the electrification of the drivetrain, and the automation of the transportation system. These trends will not only lead to greener and safer driving but re-define the concept of the car completely, particularly if they interact with each other in a synergetic way as for autonomous parking and charging, self-driving shuttles or mobile robots. Key functionalities like environment perception are enabled by electronic components and systems, sensors and actuators, communication nodes, cognitive systems and smart systems integration. The book will be a valuable read for research experts and professionals in the automotive industry but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students.

Florian Brauner addresses the risk reduction effects of security measures (SecMe) as well as economic and social effects using terrorist threats in public transportation as use case. SecMe increase the level of security but cause interferences and restrictions for customers (e.g. privacy). This study identifies the interferences and analyzes the acceptance with an empirical survey of customers. A composite indicator for the acceptance of different SecMe is developed and integrated into a risk management framework for multi-criteria decision analysis achieving the right balance of risk reduction, costs, and social acceptance.

Explaining in detail how new e-mobility technologies work, and the system requirements which must be fulfilled for these new technologies to be implemented, this book augments this analysis with discussion of the business models, financing and social and economic conditions that will foster the emergence of a new e-mobility industry. New e-mobility technologies and business models will initiate changes in work patterns and in our personal choices on transportation means. This book looks at how smart cities may apply the "internet of things" to the transportation environment and how this may create a complete set of new technologies and service offerings that will enable the advent of the unmanned vehicle society. This e-mobility revolution will disrupt the transport market and bring opportunities and threats for many potential actors. These consequences are analysed within. This book is suitable for anyone interested in the e-mobility revolution and its impact on the future of cars, buses and trains.

This SpringerBrief focuses on the coexistence concerns emerging in LTE networks using unlicensed frequency bands. It provides a comprehensive review on LTE networks and their unavoidable need for enhanced capacity to meet the demands for future applications, including a need for low-cost options. LTE using unlicensed frequency (U-LTE) is then introduced as the most promising solution, and discussed from various perspectives to unveil its benefits, challenges, and requirements for coexistence with the widely-deployed IEEE 802.11/Wi-Fi technology. Meeting these coexistence requirements is the most important factor for the acceptance of U-LTE, and the majority of this brief explores the big picture concerns and existing solutions related to coexistence-aware medium access protocols for background knowledge. A proposed network-aware adaptive listen-before-talk protocol is presented and evaluated. Finally, the authors identify a number of open technical questions and potential research issues in U-LTE. This SpringerBrief is suitable for telecom engineers, researchers, and academic professionals with valuable knowledge and potential working or research directions when designing and developing medium access protocols for next generation wireless access networks.

The publication contains numerous valuable guidelines one will find particularly useful while making decisions concerning development and improvement of transport systems. It provides a multitude of case studies connected with diverse problems of both technical and organisational nature. The knowledge displayed while discussing practical examples as well as the decision making support systems described in the publication will certainly attract interest of those who face the challenge of seeking solutions to problems of contemporary transport systems on a daily basis. Consequently, this publication is dedicated to local authorities involved in planning and preparation of development strategies for specific transport related areas (in both urban and regional dimension) as well as to representatives of business and industry, being those who participate directly in the implementation of traffic engineering solutions. The guidelines provided in individual chapters of the publication will make it possible to address the given problem in a technologically advanced manner and simplify the choice of appropriate strategies (including those related to increasing competitiveness of public transport, integration of supply chains or route planning support by means of technologically advanced systems and applications). On the other hand, since the publication also concerns the new approach to theoretical models (including travel models, capacity models, road condition modelling and speed-volume relationship), it will raise interest among researches and scientists studying this body of problems. The publication entitled Contemporary Challenges of Transport Systems and Traffic Engineering contains selected papers submitted to and presented at the 13th "Transport Systems. Theory and Practice" Scientific and Technical Conference organised by the Department of Transport Systems and Traffic Engineering at the Faculty of Transport of the Silesian University of Technology. The conference was held on 19-21 September 2016 in Katowice (Poland). More details at www.TSTP.polsl.pl

This book on road traffic congestion in cities and suburbs describes congestion problems and shows how they can be relieved. The first part (Chapters 1 - 3) shows how congestion reflects transportation technologies and settlement patterns. The second part (Chapters 4 - 13) describes the causes, characteristics, and consequences of congestion. The third part (Chapters 14 - 23) presents various relief strategies - including supply adaptation and demand mitigation - for nonrecurring and recurring congestion. The last part (Chapter 24) gives general guidelines for congestion relief and provides a general outlook for the future. The book will be useful for a wide audience - including students, practitioners and researchers in a variety of professional endeavors: traffic engineers, transportation planners, public transport specialists, city planners, public administrators, and private enterprises that depend on transportation for their activities.

Based on the work of Poly5, or the Mediterranean Corridor, mega-transport infrastructure project, this ground-breaking reference explains how and why traditional top-down government-defined transport planning policies are failing, due to their tendency to eschew acknowledgement of profoundly multifarious local and regional issues. The authors use cognitive reports from the Mediterranean Corridor experience as a learning platform, unpacking the tangled sources of the challenges faced to find firm ground from which to embark upon future projects. They propose the replacement of the current fragmented and unbalanced implementation efforts across various territories with a bottom-up, holistic, inclusive approach in which individual territories and regions have buy-in from the outset, a chance to bring their strengths to bear on the broader infrastructural planning, an ongoing communication channel to report and tackle difficulties and clear, strategic directives to drive sustainable future growth of environmentally desirable and practical mega-transport systems.

The book addresses the overall integrated design aspects of a space transportation system involving several disciplines like propulsion, vehicle structures, aerodynamics, flight mechanics, navigation, guidance and control systems, stage auxiliary systems, thermal systems etc. and discusses the system approach for design, trade off analysis, system life cycle considerations, important aspects in mission management, the risk assessment, etc. There are several books authored to describe the design aspects of various areas, viz., propulsion, aerodynamics, structures, control, etc., but there is no book which presents space transportation system (STS) design in an integrated manner. This book attempts to fill this gap by addressing systems approach for STS design, highlighting the integrated design aspects, interactions between various subsystems and interdependencies. The main focus is towards the complex integrated design to arrive at an optimum, robust and cost effective space transportation system. The orbital mechanics of satellites including different coordinate frames, orbital perturbations and orbital transfers are explained. For launching the satellites to meet specific mission requirements, viz., payload/orbit, design considerations, giving step by step procedure are briefed. The selection methodology for launch vehicle configuration, its optimum staging and the factors which influence the vehicle performance are summarized. The influence of external, internal and dynamic operating environments experienced by the vehicle subsystems and the remedial measures needed are highlighted. The mission design strategies and their influence on the vehicle design process are elaborated. The various critical aspects of STS subsystems like flight mechanics, propulsion, structures and materials, thermal systems, stage auxiliary systems, navigation, guidance and control and the interdependencies and interactions between them are covered. The design guidelines, complexity of the flight environment and the reentry dynamics for the reentry missions are included. The book is not targeted as a design tool for any particular discipline or subsystem. Some of the design related equations or expressions are not attempted to derive from the first principle as this is beyond the scope of this book. However, the important analytical expressions, graphs and sketches which are essential to provide in-depth understanding for the design process as well as to understand the interactions between different subsystems are appropriately included.

The concept of a livable smart city presented in this book highlights the relevance of the functionality and integrated resilience of viable cities of the future. It critically examines the progressive digitalization that is taking place and identifies the revolutionized energy sector as the basis of urban life. The concept is based on people and their natural environment, resulting in a broader definition of sustainability and an expanded product theory. Smart City 2.0 offers its residents many opportunities and is an attractive future market for innovative products and services. However, it presents numerous challenges for stakeholders and product developers.

Does application of countdown timers at traffic lights affect pedestrian safety? How can one model walking routes in transport systems using open source tools? What features should be particularly taken into account while implementing highly advanced ICT components in contemporary towns? What scenario for the development of Intelligent Transport Systems should be chosen for a specific area? How to estimate the impact of the substances emitted by vehicles on climate changes? Answers to these and many other questions can be found in this publication. It also comprises numerous analyses based on legitimate data sources, presenting the close relation between travel behaviours and the organisational as well as technical changes introduced in what is contemporarily referred as smart cities. At present and in the nearest future, technologically advanced transport systems require and will require considerable development of electromobility and the emphasis being placed on multimodality, therefore all these problems have been properly addressed in this publication. With regard to the research results discussed and the selected solutions which find practical application, the publication is dedicated to three groups of recipients: *Scientists and researchers (ITS field) *Local authorities (responsible for the transport system on the urban and the regional level) *Representatives of business (traffic strategy management) and industry (manufacturers of ITS components). The publication entitled Intelligent Transport Systems and Travel Behaviour contains selected papers submitted to and presented at the 13th "Transport Systems. Theory and Practice" Scientific and Technical Conference organised by the Department of Transport Systems and Traffic Engineering at the Faculty of Transport of the Silesian University of Technology. The conference was held on 19-21 September 2016 in Katowice (Poland). More details at www.TSTP.polsl.pl<

Written as a reference on effective engineering practice for construction activities in Arctic and Sub-Arctic regions. It is based on many sources around the world including the Soviet Union and China where people live and work in very low temperatures. Provides a broad look at overall problems found by engineers, contractors and builders, including case histories that illustrate actual projects throughout the cold regions of the world.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the first International Conference on Internet of Vehicles, IOV 2014, held in Beijing, China, in September 2014. The 41 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 160 submissions. They focus on the following topics: IOV systems and applications; wireless communications, ad-hoc and sensor networks; security, privacy, IoT and big data intelligence; cloud and services computing.

Addresses the Challenges Facing Public Transport Policy Makers and Operators Public Transit Planning and Operation: Modeling, Practice and Behavior, Second Edition offers new solutions for delivering both better services and greater efficiency, solutions which have been developed and tested by the author in over thirty years of research work with mass transit policy makers and operators all over the world. It bridges the worlds of practice and research and academia, provides an overview and a critique of currently used operational planning methods, and furnishes innovative practical techniques and modeling. Improve Service Performance and Successfully Manage the Costs of Operation This new edition brings in new material on timetabling and vehicle scheduling with different vehicle sizes, new methods of designing transit route networks, analysis of transit coordination and connectivity, behavioral aspects of passengers including when making transfers, and innovative methods related to automation and optimization which can be used in real time to significantly improve service reliability. Combines academic research with real-world project experience Focuses on issues encountered in practice Provides unique coverage of the field Public Transit Planning and Operation: Modeling, Practice and Behavior, Second Edition incorporates a series of themes and new ways of thinking about planning and operation. Bridging the gap between theory and application, this text outlines the factors affecting public-transport services, addresses common problems, and offers practical solutions for improvement.

At the close of the year 1900, motor vehicle registrations throughout the United States totaled 8000. These vehicles rode on unpaved and often dusty country roads. The only problem of traffic was an occasional pedestrian or a frightened horse or cow frenzied by the roar of this new creature. Today more than 82,000,000 registrations, representing 50% of the world's automobiles, are recorded in this country. In 1963 these vehicles traveled 798 billion miles over newly constructed modern highways, expressways, freeways, quickways, and thru ways, as well as improved rural and urban roads and streets. Out of all this has sprung the traffic engineer. Today's modern roadway is an engineering structure which has been developed through sound principles of design with provisions for safety and efficiency. An example of this safety factor can be found by the exacting specifications for cross sections, grades, roadside control, medians, and other design features. For many years, the responsi bility for controlling traffic fell naturally into the domain of the police. However, as traffic increased, many problems developed which were beyond the scope of normal police work. Since the highway system is an engineering structure which requires an engi neering approach to appraise operating problems and engineering techniques to solve them, the traffic engineer came into being.

Feedback Ramp Metering in Intelligent Transportation Systems is the first book on the topic of using feedback control (also called real-time traffic control or adaptive control by some traffic engineers) in ramp metering. It provides traffic theory fundamentals and then the design of feedback controllers for isolated and coordinated ramp metering problems. Software simulation code in Matlab and Paramics is provided in the book so that the reader can get a hands-on feel for the various algorithms. With a large number of examples, illustrations, and original problems, this book is excellent as a textbook or reference book for a senior or graduate level course on the subject, as well as a reference for researchers in related fields.

Tiny Transit is safe, low speed, low cost, low stress, low emission, climate-conscious mobility for this generation and those to come. Within Tiny Transit, Susan Engelking, founder of Tiny Transit Strategies, describes an innovative, proven solution: protected networks for small, low speed, low cost, low emission vehicles. For cities, this concept is a game changer. For the nation, this new transportation alternative is a step toward economic resilience, reduced carbon emissions, and energy independence. In Tiny Transit, government employees learn: Why LEAN Networks (Low Emission Alternative Networks) are the future Lessons from early adopters How to build LEAN Lanes with the crumbs of major transportation projects Why the prime directive is "safety, safety, safety" How to introduce this game changer to their member cities - and the quickest way to build a groundswell of popular support

Inefficient ports can stall a country's trade growth and also increase the costs of transportation. Rising inefficiencies in ports have therefore forced the governments all over the world to deregulate the port system. The port sector in several developing countries has been undergoing revolutionary transformation from a subsistence infrastructure resource into a more capital intensive, commercially oriented facility during the last two decades. In India, awareness towards the impact of port infrastructure on economic development in general and international trade in particular has increased in recent years partly as a result of rising trade transportation costs. One of the objectives of this book is therefore to understand the role the port plays in India's economic development. The book tries to quantitatively evaluate the structural metamorphosis in Indian port sector. The main emphasis of the book is on performance evaluation, technological change, total factor productivity growth, market concentration, and competitiveness of Indian ports for the last two and a half decades. This book deals with these vital issues and questions through a detailed analytical framework. Above all, one protracted objective of this book is to create a ground for discussion on various aspects of port development and the resultant policy action.

Winner of the IENE Project Award 2016. This authoritative volume brings together some of the world s leading researchers, academics, practitioners and transportation agency personnel to present the current status of the ecological sustainability of the linear infrastructure primarily road, rail and utility easements that dissect and fragment landscapes globally. It outlines the potential impacts, demonstrates how this infrastructure is being improved, and how broad ecological principles are applied to mitigate the impact of road networks on wildlife. Research and monitoring is an important aspect of road ecology, encompassing all phases of a transportation project. This book covers research and monitoring to span the entire project continuum starting with planning and design, through construction and into maintenance and management. It focuses on impacts and solutions for species groups and specific regions, with particular emphasis on the unique challenges facing Asia, South America and Africa. Other key features: * Contributions from authors originating from over 25 countries, including from all continents * Each chapter summarizes important lessons, and includes lists of further reading and thoroughly up to date references * Highlights principles that address key points relevant to all phases in all road projects * Explains best-practices based on a number of successful international case studies * Chapters are "stand-alone", but they also build upon and complement each other; extensive cross-referencing directs the reader to relevant material elsewhere in the book Handbook of Road Ecology offers a comprehensive summary of approximately 30 years of global efforts to quantify the impacts of roads and traffic and implement effective mitigation. As such, it is essential reading for those involved in the planning, design, assessment and construction of new roads; the management and maintenance of existing roads; and the modifying or retrofitting of existing roads and problem locations. This handbook is an accessible resource for both developed and developing countries, including government transportation agencies, Government environmental/conservation agencies, NGOs, and road funding and donor organisations.

This book contains an abundance of numerical analyses based on significant data sets, illustrating the close affiliation between transport systems development and quality of life. How to ensure accessibility standards for public transport for people with special needs? Which multi-criteria methods can support the problem of vehicle selection in freight transport, and which ones should be taken into account in the case of problems related to regional rail transport? What kind of How to assess technical condition of transport means? What factors should be taken into account when assessing the quality of passenger service? How to include zero emission vehicles in the consideration of transport plans? This book provides you with answers to these and many other questions. With regard to the research results discussed and the selected solutions applied, the book primarily addresses the needs of three target groups: Scientists and researchers (ITS field) Local authorities (responsible for the transport systems at the urban and regional level) Representatives of business (traffic strategy management) and industry (manufacturers of ITS components). This book gathers selected papers presented at the 18th "Transport Systems. Theory and Practice" Scientific and Technical Conference organised by the Department of Transport Systems, Traffic Engineering and Logistics at the Faculty of Transport and Aviation Engineering of the Silesian University of Technology. The conference was held on 19-20 September 2022 in Katowice (Poland).