This book reflects the latest research trends, methods, and experimental results in the field of electrical and information technologies for rail transportation, which covers abundant state-of-the-art research theories and ideas. As a vital field of research that is highly relevant to current developments in a number of technological domains, the subjects it covered include intelligent computing, information processing, communication technology, automatic control, etc. The objective of the proceedings is to provide a major interdisciplinary forum for researchers, engineers, academicians, and industrial professionals to present the most innovative research and development in the field of rail transportation electrical and information technologies. Engineers and researchers in academia, industry, and government will also explore an insightful view of the solutions that combine ideas from multiple disciplines in this field. The volumes serve as an excellent reference work for researchers and graduate students working on rail transportation and electrical and information technologies.

This volume addresses a variety of issues on traffic safety policy, ranging from issues of climate change, urban equity, and transport safety, in a broad global and societal context, while retaining situation-specific details. Written by international experts on issues of transportation and traffic safety, it will be of special interest to advanced researchers in the engineering and planning disciplines working on these issues as well as policy makers concerned with setting up institutions and legislations for traffic safety.

This book introduces typical inertial devices and inertial-based integrated navigation systems, gyro noise suppression, gyro temperature drift error modeling compensation, inertial-based integrated navigation systems under discontinuous observation conditions, and inertial-based brain integrated navigation systems. Integrated navigation is the result of the development of modern navigation theory and technology. The inertial navigation system has the advantages of strong autonomy, high short-term accuracy, all-day time, all weather, and so on. And it has been applied in most integrated navigation systems. Among them, the information processing of inertial-based integrated navigation system is the core technology. Due to the effect of the device mechanism and working environment, there are errors in the output information of the inertial-based integrated navigation system, including gyroscope noise, temperature drift, and discontinuous observations, which will seriously reduce the accuracy and robustness of the system. And the book helps readers to solve these problems. The intelligent information processing technology involved is equipped with simulation verification, which can be used as a reference for undergraduate, graduate, and Ph.D. students, and also scientific researchers or engineers engaged in navigation-related specialties.

This book presents the fundamental methods of modeling, analysis and synthesis of transport processes which allow: - to optimize the work of transport organizations according to different criteria of their functioning; - to evaluate the quality of decisions made in conditions of high entropy and uncertainty of technological processes when applying new technologies and systems; -to reduce the negative impact of the human factor on the safety of ongoing transport processes by increasing the motivational component of the training processes for the operator of active transport systems. The structural diagrams presented in this book make it possible to visualize the processes of training, self-training of operators and the mechanisms of the formation of volitional motivational efforts under various external influences of the environment and the teacher–instructor. The obtained functional dependencies serve as an assessment for determining and forming the dynamics of motivation and making a decision about the readiness for safe work of the operator of active transport systems and the decision-maker in the new conditions of the technological process.

"Everything that sustains us - grown, mined, or drilled - begins its journey to us on a low-volume road (Long)." Defined as roads with traffic volumes of no more than 400 vehicles per day, they have enormous impacts on economies, communication, and social interaction. Low-volume roads comprise, at one end of the spectrum, farm-to-market roads, roads in developing countries, northern roads, roads on aboriginal lands and parklands; and at the other end of the spectrum, heavy haul roads for mining, oil and gas, oil sands extraction, and forestry. Low-Volume Road Engineering: Design, Construction, and Maintenance gives an international perspective to the engineering design of low-volume roads and their construction and maintenance. It is a single reference drawing from the dispersed literature. It lays out the basic principles of each topic, from road location and geometric design, pavement design, slope stability and erosion control, through construction to maintenance, then refers the reader to more comprehensive treatment elsewhere. Wherever possible, comparisons are made between the standard specifications and practices existing in the US, Canada, the UK, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.Topics covered include the following: Road classification, location, and geometric design Pavement concepts, materials, and thickness design Drainage, erosion and sediment control, and watercrossings Slope stability Geosynthetics Road construction, maintenance, and maintenance management Low-Volume Road Engineering: Design, Construction, and Maintenance i s a valuable reference for engineers, planners, designers and project managers in consulting firms, contracting firms and NGOs. It also is an essential reference in support of university courses on transportation engineering and planning, and on mining, oil and gas, and forestry infrastructure.

This book reflects the latest research trends, methods, and experimental results in the field of electrical and information technologies for rail transportation, which covers abundant state-of-the-art research theories and ideas. As a vital field of research that is highly relevant to current developments in a number of technological domains, the subjects it covered include intelligent computing, information processing, communication technology, automatic control, etc. The objective of the proceedings is to provide a major interdisciplinary forum for researchers, engineers, academicians, and industrial professionals to present the most innovative research and development in the field of rail transportation electrical and information technologies. Engineers and researchers in academia, industry, and government will also explore an insightful view of the solutions that combine ideas from multiple disciplines in this field. The volumes serve as an excellent reference work for researchers and graduate students working on rail transportation and electrical and information technologies.

This book proposes promising mmWave solutions to promoting safe and reliable vehicular communications. The authors include topics such as channel estimation, multi-user transceiver design, and advanced index modulation. For channel estimation, unique channel properties and hybrid structures are first introduced, followed by the development of a doubly-sparse doubly-selective channel estimator. For multi-user transceiver design, the concept of hybrid block diagonalization (HBD) is first introduced, followed by a generic HBD-based transceiver design to maximize the system capacity. For advanced index modulation, the generalized beamspace modulation for uplink multi-user scenarios are first introduced, followed by the precoded beamspace modulation for the downlink. Finally, this book discusses open problems and future research directions to inspire further studies in the field of mmWave vehicular communications.

This book, the first full-length text on the subject, explores the everyday use of music listening while driving a car. It presents the relationship between cars and music in an effort to understand how music behaviour in the car can either enhance driver safety or place the driver at increased risk of accidents. A great deal of work has been done to investigate and reduce driver distraction and inattention, but this book is the first to focus on in-cabin aural backgrounds of music as a contributing factor to human error and traffic violations. Driving With Music begins by outlining the automobile, its relationship to society, and the juxtaposition of music with the automobile as a complete package. It then highlights concepts from the fields of music perception and cognition, and, within this framework, looks at the functional use of background music in our everyday lives. Driver music behaviours - both adaptive and maladaptive - are explored, with the focus on contradictions and ill-effects of in-car music listening. To conclude, implications, applications and countermeasures are suggested.

Green and Intelligent Technologies for Sustainable and Smart Asphalt Pavements contains 124 papers from 14 different countries which were presented at the 5th International Symposium on Frontiers of Road and Airport Engineering (IFRAE 2021, Delft, the Netherlands, 12-14 July 2021). The contributions focus on research in the areas of "Circular, Sustainable and Smart Airport and Highway Pavement" and collects the state-of-the-art and state-of-practice areas of long-life and circular materials for sustainable, cost-effective smart airport and highway pavement design and construction. The main areas covered by the book include: * Green and sustainable pavement materials * Recycling technology * Warm & cold mix asphalt materials * Functional pavement design * Self-healing pavement materials * Eco-efficiency pavement materials * Pavement preservation, maintenance and rehabilitation * Smart pavement materials and structures * Safety technology for smart roads * Pavement monitoring and big data analysis * Role of transportation engineering in future pavements Green and Intelligent Technologies for Sustainable and Smart Asphalt Pavements aims at researchers, practitioners, and administrators interested in new materials and innovative technologies for achieving sustainable and renewable pavement materials and design methods, and for those involved or working in the broader field of pavement engineering.

This second edition of Concrete Pavement Design, Construction, and Performance provides a solid foundation for pavement engineers seeking relevant and applicable design and construction instruction. It relies on general principles instead of specific ones, and incorporates illustrative case studies and prime design examples to highlight the material. It presents a thorough understanding of materials selection, mixture proportioning, design and detailing, drainage, construction techniques, and pavement performance. It also offers insight into the theoretical framework underlying commonly used design procedures as well as the limits of the applicability of the procedures. All chapters have been updated to reflect recent developments, including some alternative and emerging design technologies that improve sustainability. What's New in the Second Edition: The second edition of this book contains a new chapter on sustainability, and coverage of mechanistic-empirical design and pervious concrete pavements. RCC pavements are now given a new chapter. The text also expands the industrial pavement design chapter. Outlines alternatives for concrete pavement solutions Identifies desired performance and behavior parameters Establishes appropriate materials and desired concrete proportions Presents steps for translating the design into a durable facility The book highlights significant innovations such as one is two-lift concrete pavements, precast concrete pavement systems, RCC pavement, interlocking concrete pavers, thin concrete pavement design, and pervious concrete. This text also addresses pavement management, maintenance, rehabilitation, and overlays.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of magnetic levitation (Maglev) technologies, from fundamental principles through to the state-of-the-art, and describes applications both realised and under development. It includes a history of Maglev science and technology showing the various milestones in its advancement. The core concepts, operating principles and main challenges of Maglev applications attempted across various fields are introduced and discussed. The principle difficulties encountered when applying Maglev technology to different systems, namely air gap control and stabilization, are addressed in detail. The book describes how major advancements in linear motor and magnet technologies have enabled the development of the linear-motor-powered Maglev train, which has a high speed advantage over conventional wheeled trains and has the potential to reach speed levels achieved by aircraft. However, many expect that Maglev technology to be a green technology that is applied not only in rail transportation, but also in diverse other fields; to ensure clean transfer in LCD manufacturing, in ropeless high speed elevators, small capacity rail transportation, space vehicle launchers, missile testers, energy storage, and so on. These potential applications and their unique challenges and proposed technological solutions are introduced and discussed in depth. The book will provide readers from academia, research institutes and industry with insights on where and how to apply Maglev technology, and will serve as a guide to the realization of their Maglev applications.

This proceedings present current trends in the transport growth. It presents transport solutions both at a micro-level, such as that of a single city or a single company, as well as at a macro-level of a whole transportation system. The transport decisions made by an individual in regards to the transport mode and route, add up to the structure and efficiency of the whole system. Transport systems cannot grow extensively anymore, due to lack of space or the amount of additional costs, so the authors presents new solutions, ones which are innovative and sustainable, while also increasing the efficiency of transport operations. These solutions are analyzed for performance at a scale of individual cities or companies, as well as whole transport systems. The researchers, who are often also practitioners in the field of transport, provide not only the theoretical background for the transport analysis but also empirical data and practical experience.

Many books focus on individual differences and how those relate to traffic safety such as accident proneness, gender differences, age, alcohol, and the effects of drugs. Others focus on the safety effects regarding the vehicle such as airbags, anti-lock brakes, navigation systems, intelligent cruise control and other new gadgets coming to the vehicle. Even though these topics are undoubtedly important for traffic safety, this book takes a unique approach as it focuses solely on the road environment. Designing Safe Road Systems provides the background for those who want to know more about the effects of road design on driving behaviour. It uses a systems approach to allow a better understanding of why and in what circumstances drivers may commit errors. This understanding will ultimately lead to road systems that prevent (fatal) errors from occurring. The book contains an overview of the current models and theories about human performance and human behaviour in traffic that are relevant for all those involved in designing safe road systems. The central theme of this book is how design principles can reduce the probability of an error while driving. The authors demonstrate how knowledge of human factors helps a road authority to better understand how road users behave. They argue that in many cases the design of the environment can be further adjusted to human capabilities, and that safety should be considered a system property to be built into the road system.

The shipping industry is run by people and for people. Thus, the main element in shipping is the "human element" - the mariners at all levels. Since the human element aboard vessels - being in and coping with a very special environment - is the crucial point of every transport chain, it is important to take a closer look at maritime human resource management issues which are scarcely tackled in scientific literature. This book deals with topics such as the criminalization of seafarers, piracy as part of shipping companies' risk management, corporate social responsibility and human error in shipping.

Originally published in 1992, this book discusses a contemporary growth in environmental awareness, reflected in an increasing concern about the pollution caused by motor cars.The author considers the problem of congestion bringing traffic to a halt in the major cities and the increasingly controversial nature of contemporary transport planning. Professor Dimitriou provides a thorough and incisive contemporary analysis and suggests some appropriate solutions for the future.

Computer Aided Highway Engineering is aimed at developing professional knowledge in the field of highway engineering with adequate skills in planning, designing and implementation of the highway project with an exposure of hands on training of computer software in designing the worldwide road infrastructures. It discusses Digital Terrain Model (DTM) using satellite data including highway geometric, pavement and tunnel design, supported by relevant tutorials. Quantity estimation, cost estimation and production of various types of construction drawings are described in detail with theory and tutorials backed by real project data. Recognizes the role of information and computer technology in various aspects of highway design. Reviews different tasks for feasibility studies and DPR with software applications. Explores topographic survey, Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and highway geometrics and, pavement and drainage design. Discusses project estimations for various revisions of the engineering work. Includes HEADS Pro along with chapter wise tutorials containing design and field data, tutorial guides and various tutorial videos. This volume is aimed at Professionals in Civil Engineering, Highway Engineering, Transport Planning and Town Planning and Traffic Engineering.

This proceedings book is devoted to the development of environmental analysis of the surface layer of atmospheric air and green areas of urbanized areas. The analysis of scientific and methodological developments for assessing the level of environmental safety of urbanized areas, taking into account the influence of chemical and physical factors, is carried out. The choice of criteria for assessing the ecological state of the surface layer of atmospheric air is theoretically substantiated. The hazard index of the surface layer of atmospheric air, taking into account the influence of chemical and physical factors, and a method of its visual representation are proposed. An assessment of the environmental risk of the influence of the surface layer of the atmosphere was carried out. A quantitative assessment of the energy balance of the green zone is carried out for Kyiv city (Ukraine). Schemes for informing the population about the ecological state of air in real time are developed. The book is for researchers, engineers, as well as lecturers and postgraduates of higher education institutions dealing with issues of atmospheric pollution, ecological safety and urbanization.

Engineers plan transport systems, people use them. But the ways in which an engineer measures success - speed, journey time, efficiency - are often not the way that passengers think about a good trip. We are not cargo. We choose how and when to travel, influenced not only by speed and time but by habit, status, comfort, variety - and many other factors that engineering equations don't capture at all. As we near the practical, physical limits of speed, capacity and punctuality, the greatest hope for a brighter future lies in adapting transport to more human wants and needs. Behavioural science has immense potential to improve the design of roads, railways, planes and pavements - as well as the ways in which we use them - but only when we embrace the messier reality of transport for humans. This is the moment. Climate change, the coronavirus pandemic and changing work-life priorities have shaken up long-held assumptions. There is a new way forward. This book maps out how to design transport for humans.

This book introduces the research background and significance of carbon emissions in the tunnel industry and systematically reviewed the research progresses of carbon emission researches for tunnels, LCA (life cycle assessment) research framework, and uncertainty research progress. The authors propose a novel modular carbon emission calculation method for highway tunnel construction and expounds on the modular LCA system boundary theory of tunnel construction. This method does not require abundant knowledge of LCA modeling, which is convenient for general engineering and technical personnel to calculate the carbon emission level of tunnel construction. The calculation formulas for input and carbon emissions of each module are provided. It also analyzes the parameter uncertainty, model uncertainty, and scenario uncertainty of the carbon emissions from tunnel construction by the Monte Carlo method. Further, this book proposes the fitting model of carbon emissions of unit engineering quantity in tunnel construction, which benefits to simplify the calculation of carbon emissions.This book is mainly aimed at engineering and technical personnel in the construction industry, especially tunnel and underground engineering, including tunnel design engineers; tunnel construction engineers, experts, and scholars; tunnel owners; management departments.

Inefficient ports can stall a country's trade growth and also increase the costs of transportation. Rising inefficiencies in ports have therefore forced the governments all over the world to deregulate the port system. The port sector in several developing countries has been undergoing revolutionary transformation from a subsistence infrastructure resource into a more capital intensive, commercially oriented facility during the last two decades. In India, awareness towards the impact of port infrastructure on economic development in general and international trade in particular has increased in recent years partly as a result of rising trade transportation costs. One of the objectives of this book is therefore to understand the role the port plays in India's economic development. The book tries to quantitatively evaluate the structural metamorphosis in Indian port sector. The main emphasis of the book is on performance evaluation, technological change, total factor productivity growth, market concentration, and competitiveness of Indian ports for the last two and a half decades. This book deals with these vital issues and questions through a detailed analytical framework. Above all, one protracted objective of this book is to create a ground for discussion on various aspects of port development and the resultant policy action.

This book proposes the tool change methods for the excessive tool wear in the construction rules of shield tunnel construction in China. From the perspective of shield tunneling, atmospheric pressure tool change, pressure opening and tool change, and other special techniques, the tool change technologies are proposed. It highlights a number of tool-changing techniques and research and development work, including pressure-changing tools, tool-changing tools in the tool-cylinder arm, and cutter-tooth cutter inter-change since the beginning of the construction of the Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel.

This book discusses the multiple systems that make commercial jet travel safe and convenient. The author starts by tracing the evolution of commercial jets from the Boeing 707 to the double decker Airbus A380. The next 7 chapters discuss flight controls, along with the high lift surfaces (flaps and slats) that are essential to allow high speed, low drag aircraft to take-off and land. The other systems include Engines/Nacelles, Cabin Pressurization and Air Conditioning systems, Landing Gear and brakes, Fuel Systems, Instruments/Sensors, and finally Deicing systems for the wings, nacelles and external air speed sensors. Case studies describe a significant accident that arose from a failure in the various systems described. The final chapter summarizes the past 60 years of jet travel and describe how these systems have created a cheaper, safer mode of travel than any other.

A practical manual for non-engineers which describes the design and construction of earth roads with a usage of up to 50 vehicles per day. Drainage, road planning, the actual construction and subsequent maintenance operations are all dealt with.

Pavements are the most ubiquitous of all man-made structures, and they have an enormous impact on environmental quality. They are responsible for hydrocarbon pollutants, excess runoff, groundwater decline and the resulting local water shortages, temperature increases in the urban "heat island," and for the ability of trees to extend their roots in order to live. Porous pavements, despite their ability to mitigate these factors, remain the object of much skepticism and controversy. Written by a renowned expert with 25 years of experience in urban watershed management, Porous Pavements is the first comprehensive "encyclopedia" of porous pavement materials. The book begins with five chapters that lay a foundation for all porous pavement materials and applications, introducing the types of materials and arrangements, their roles in the urban environment, and the principles of pavement structure, hydrology, and rooting space. The following nine chapters outline the costs, maintenance requirements, advantages and disadvantages for different applications, installation methods, sources of standard specifications, and performance levels for each family of porous pavement materials. Relying on case studies and factual data from observed experience, and containing abundant references for further information, Porous Pavements gives responsible practitioners a complete toolbox from which to select the appropriate material for site-specific conditions, providing a "green" alternative to impervious pavements.

Contents:
Preface. Acknowledgements. 1. Roads and Development. 1.1 The meaning of Development. 1.2 Evolution of Development Theory. 1.3 Poverty. 1.4 Evolution of Road Development. 1.5 Impact of Roads on Economic Development. 1.6 Transport and Poverty. 1.7 Impact of Roads on the Transition to a Market Economy. References. 2. Policy. 2.1 The Nature of Policy. 2.2 Government Policy. 2.3 Organisational Policy. 2.4 Integrated Policy. 2.5 Dissemination. 2.6 Performance Indicators. 2.7 Policy Formulation. 2.8 Policy Issues. References. 3. Traffic. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Traffic Composition. 3.3 Traffic Flows and Growth. 3.4 Capacity and Speed-flow. 3.5 Increasing Capacity. 3.6 Traffic Information and Data. 4. Traffic Safety. 4.1 Background. 4.2 Nature of the Problem. 4.3 Road Accident Costs. 4.4 Contributory Factors. 4.5 Institutions and Information Systems. 4.6 Improving Road Safety. 4.7 Priorities for Action. 5. Roads and Environment. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Environmental Impact Assessment. 5.4 Concluding Remarks. References. 6. Planning Methods. 6.1 The Nature of Planning. 6.2 Strategic Planning. 6.3 Physical Network Planning. 6.4 Transport Demanding Forecasting. 6.5 Plan Development and Implementation. References. 7. Economic Appraisal. 7.1 Purpose. 7.2 Preliminary Considerations. 7.3 Cost Estimation. 7.4 Assessment of Benefits for Major Roads. 7.5 Cost-benefit analysis for Major Roads. 7.6 Minor Roads Appraisal. References. 8. Soil Investigation 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Evaluation of Existing Information. 8.3 Field Investigation. 8.4 Laboratory Testing. 8.5 Soil Classification 9. Tropical Soils and Rocks. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Rocks. 9.3 Soils. References. 10. Hydrology and Drainage. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Rainfall. 10.3 Flood Discharge Estiimation. 10.4 Hydraulic Design. 10.5 Longitudinal Drainage Components. 10.6 Cross Drainage Components. 10.7 Culvert Design. 10.8 Erosion and Scour Protection. References. 11. Geometric Design Controls. 11.1 Basic Considerations. 11.2 Approach to Selecting Design Standards. 11.3 Classification of Roads 11.4 Slight Distance. 11.5 Traffic. 11.6 Cross-section. 12. Geometric Alignment Design. 12.1 Geometric Design Elements. 12.2 Horizontal Alignment. 12.3 Vertical Alignment. 12.4 Phasing. 12.5 Alignment Selection. 12.6 Intersections. 12.7 Low-cost Roads. 12.8 Computer-aided Design. References. 13. Earthworks, Unbound and Stabilized Pavements. 13.1 Earthworks. 13.2 Pavement Structure. 13.3 Unbound Pavement Layers. 13.4 Design of Gravel Pavements. 13.5 Stabilized Pavement Layers. References. 14. Asphalt Pavement Materials. 14.1 Asphalt Pavements. 14.2 Bituminous Binders. 14.3 Surface Dressing. 14.4 Premixed Asphalt. References. 15. Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Basic Empirical Methods. 15.3 Overseas Road Note 31. 15.4 The AASHTO Method. 15.5 Theoretical-mechanistic Design. 15.6 Overlay Design. 16. Contracts and Work Procurement. 16.1 Project Execution Methods. 16.2 Types of Contract. 16.3 The FIDIC Contract. References. 17. Contract Supervision. 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Supervision Organisation. 17.3 Quality Control. 17.4 Measurement of Work. 17.5 Payment to the Contractor. 17.6 Progress Control. 17.7 Extension of Time. 17.8 Cost Claims. 17.9 Default of Contractor. 17.10 Supervision Procedures. References. 18. Appropriate Technology. 18.1 Technology Options. 18.2 Choice of Technology. 18.3 Labour-based and Intermediate Methods. 18.4 Equipment Management. References. 19. Maintenance Management. 19.1 The Road Network as an Asset. 19.2 Road Network Management. 19.3 Network Information. 19.4 Assessing Needs. 19.5 Determining Options. 19.6 Choosing Actions. 19.7 Implementation 19.8 Monitoring and Audit. 19.9 Information Systems. References. 20. Maintenance Operations. 20.1 Introduction. 20.2 Classification of Maintenance Activities 20.3 Safety. 20.4 Asphalt Pavements. 20.5 Unpaved Rods. 20.6 Roadside Areas. 20.7 Drainage Systems. 20.8 Traffic Control Devices. 20.9 Implementation. References. 21. The HDM-4 Road Investment Model. 21.1 Introduction. 21.2 Types of Analysis. 21.3 Structure of HDM-4. 21.4 Components of HDM-4. 21.5 Examples of Applications. 22. Institutional Development. 22.1 Introduction. 22.2 Finance. 22.3 Management. 22.4 Ownership and Responsibility. 22.5 Expected Outcomes. References. 23. Training of Staff. 23.1 Purpose of Training. 23.2 Institutional Issues. 23.3 Training Types. 23.4 Training Needs Analysis. 23.5 Planning. 23.6 Detailed Preparation. 23.7 Implementation. References. 24. Development Aid. 24.1 Introduction. 24.2 Resource Transfers. 24.3 International Aid Agencies. 24.4 Bilateral Donors. 24.5 Assistance to the Transport and Road Sector. 24.6 Recent Trends in Aid Management. 24.7 Project Cycle and Framework. References.