This book gathers selected papers presented at the KES International Symposium on Smart Transportation Systems (KES STS 2020). Modern transportation systems have undergone a rapid transformation in recent years, producing a range of technological innovations such as connected vehicles, self-driving cars, electric vehicles, Hyperloop, and even flying cars, and with them, fundamental changes in transport systems around the world. The book discusses current challenges, innovations, and breakthroughs in smart transportation systems, as well as transport infrastructure modeling, safety analysis, freeway operations, intersection analysis, and other related cutting-edge topics.

This book provides an overview of asphalt pavement maintenance, highlighting the key asphalt pavement maintenance technologies in China. It analyzes the trend toward preventive maintenance technologies and proposes technical guidelines and implementation rules for preventive maintenance. As such it is a valuable reference resource for technicians in related industries, both in China and abroad, as well as professionals involved in road infrastructure maintenance projects in countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative.

This book discusses the latest advances in the research and development, design, operation, and analysis of transportation systems, including road, rail, aviation, aerospace and maritime as well as their supporting systems and infrastructure. Focusing specifically on the contributions made by human factors and ergonomics, it analyses a wealth of topics, methods and technologies associated to accident analysis, automated and autonomous vehicles, assessment of comfort and distraction of drivers, and environmental concerns, giving emphasis to intelligent transport systems and driver-assistance systems, among other topics. Based on contributions to the AHFE 2021 Conference on Human Aspects of Transportation, held virtually on July 25-29, 2021, from USA, this book offers extensive information on the latest human factors and ergonomics thinking and practice in the area of transportation, and a thought-provoking guide to researchers, graduate students and professionals in this field.

This book describes an effective decision-making and planning architecture for enhancing the navigation capabilities of automated vehicles in the presence of non-detailed, open-source maps. The system involves dynamically obtaining road corridors from map information and utilizing a camera-based lane detection system to update and enhance the navigable space in order to address the issues of intrinsic uncertainty and low-fidelity. An efficient and human-like local planner then determines, within a probabilistic framework, a safe motion trajectory, ensuring the continuity of the path curvature and limiting longitudinal and lateral accelerations. LiDAR-based perception is then used to identify the driving scenario, and subsequently re-plan the trajectory, leading in some cases to adjustment of the high-level route to reach the given destination. The method has been validated through extensive theoretical and experimental analyses, which are reported here in detail.

This book presents many valuable research methods useful in conducting research in modern urban transportation systems and networks. The knowledge base in practical examples, as well as the decision support methods described in this book, is of interest to people who face the challenge of searching for solutions to the problems of contemporary transport networks and systems on a daily basis. The book is therefore addressed to local authorities related to the planning and development of strategies for selected areas with regard to transport (both in the urban and regional dimensions) and to representatives of business and industry, as people directly involved in the implementation of urban transportation systems and networks solutions. The methods contained in individual chapters of the book allow to look at a given problem in an advanced way and facilitate the selection of the appropriate strategy (e.g., in relation to the air quality in considering the impact of the atmospheric emission from the urban road traffic, the role of incentive programs in promoting the purchase of electric cars, life-cycle costing decision-making methodology and urban intersection design, but also in assessing the impact of the socio-financial conditions on the bike-sharing system operation and its implementation in medium-sized cities, etc.). In turn, due to the new approach to theoretical models (including comparison methods of driving errors in a single-lane and multi-lane roundabouts, methods of parking measurements, methods of ensuring the technical readiness of transport companies fleet due to the region's capabilities as well as speed-related surrogate measures of road safety based on floating car data), the book is also of interest to scientists and researchers carrying out research in this area.

This book delves into various solution paradigms such as artificial neural network, support vector machine, wavelet transforms, evolutionary computing, swarm intelligence. During the last decade, novel solution technologies based on human and species intelligence have gained immense popularity due to their flexible and unconventional approach. New analytical tools are also being developed to handle big data processing and smart decision making. The idea behind compiling this work is to familiarize researchers, academicians, industry persons and students with various applications of intelligent techniques for producing sustainable, cost-effective and robust solutions of frequently encountered complex, real-world problems in engineering and science disciplines. The practical problems in smart grids, communication, waste management, elimination of harmful elements from nature, etc., are identified, and smart and optimal solutions are proposed.

This book reflects the latest research trends, methods and experimental results in the field of electrical and information technologies for rail transportation, which covers abundant state-of-the-art research theories and ideas. As a vital field of research that is highly relevant to current developments in a number of technological domains, the subjects it covered include intelligent computing, information processing, Communication Technology, Automatic Control, etc. The objective of the proceedings is to provide a major interdisciplinary forum for researchers, engineers, academicians as well as industrial professionals to present the most innovative research and development in the field of rail transportation electrical and information technologies. Engineers and researchers in academia, industry, and the government will also explore an insight view of the solutions that combine ideas from multiple disciplines in this field. The volumes serve as an excellent reference work for researchers and graduate students working on rail transportation, electrical and information technologies.

Spurred by global macro-economic shifts, commercial and financial turbulence, as well as technological leaps in the early years of the new millennium, the Danish shipping industry has changed dramatically since the turn of the century. This book provides a new understanding of how rapid business environmental changes frame strategic choices and industry structures. The authors combine a conceptual chapter with three selected business history cases to apply a methodical approach to their study. Together, the five chapters unveil patterns in the development of Danish shipping which are historical and, at the same time, consider questions that address the present situation and the challenges of our time. In other words, this short book uses history for the purpose of understanding the present and to develop thinking for the future.

This book focuses on the adoption of a Dynamic Performance Management (DPM) approach to support the planning and management of urban transportation systems. DPM allows one to embrace a dynamic and systemic perspective and, as a result, to frame the contribution of different stakeholders, in terms of outcome-based performance, at an inter-institutional level. The discussed DPM approach allows one to focus on the causal relationships and feedback processes that characterize urban transportation systems' governance. Particularly, through the adoption of such an approach, it is possible to identify outcome-based performance measures that help to monitor and drive the governance network toward the creation of public value for the reference communities.Strategic Planning for Urban Transportation: A Dynamic Performance Management Approach begins with an examination of urban transportation, highlighting the main criticalities and future challenges of managing it. Next, the book examines the governance of urban transportation including how to identify and engage stakeholders. Finally, the book introduces the main application of DPM and system dynamics to urban areas, with specific regards to transportation. The framework is outlined, and a case study is provided as a practical example of how to apply the model. This book should be useful to urban transportation decision-makers at both the managerial and political level.

An International Textbook, from A to Z Highway Engineering: Pavements, Materials and Control of Quality covers the basic principles of pavement management, highlights recent advancements, and details the latest industry standards and techniques in the global market. Utilizing the author's more than 30 years of teaching, researching, and consulting experience, this text focuses on the design, construction, maintenance, and management of pavements for roads and highways, and covers the main topics in highway engineering. The author integrates pavement materials, material testing for acceptability and quality assurance, asphalt mix design, flexible and rigid pavement design, construction, maintenance and strengthening procedures, quality control of production and acceptance of asphalts, pavement evaluation, asphalt plants, and pavement recycling. He also includes both European and American (ASTM and AASHTO) standards and practice, and is extensively illustrated with references, tables, graphs, charts, and photographs. The book contains 18 chapters that cover: Soils for roadworks Aggregates for unbound, hydraulically bound materials, and bituminous mixtures Bitumen and bituminous binders Laboratory tests and properties of paving bitumen and bitumen emulsion Hot and cold bituminous mixtures Fundamental mechanical properties of bituminous mixtures and testing Production, transportation, laying, and compaction of bituminous mixtures Quality control and acceptance of bituminous mixtures Methods for determining stresses and strains in pavements Pavement design and construction Thickness design methodologies for flexible and rigid pavements Pavement maintenance Rehabilitation and strengthening Pavement evaluation Equipment for measuring surface and structural characteristics Pavement management Pavement recycling Written for civil engineering students and engineers engaged in highway projects or laboratory testing, Highway Engineering: Pavements, Materials and Control of Quality covers pavement engineering comprehensively as a textbook for undergraduates and graduates, and a valuable reference for practicing professionals.

This book provides an update on recent advances in various areas of modern engineering design, such as mechanical, materials, computer, and process engineering, which provide the foundation for the development of improved structures, materials, and processes. The modern design cycle is characterized by the interaction of different disciplines and a strong shift toward computer-based approaches involving only a small number of experiments for verification purposes. A major driver for this development is the increased demand for cost reduction, which is also connected to environmental demands. In the transportation industry (e.g. automotive or aerospace), where there is a demand for greater fuel efficiency, one solution is lighter structures and/or improved processes for energy conversion. Another emerging area is the interaction of classical engineering with the health and medical sector.

This book presents the selected peer-reviewed papers from the national conference Futuristic Approaches in Civil Engineering (FACE) 2019. This volume focuses on latest research and challenges in the field of geotechnical, transportation, environmental and water resources engineering. The first part focuses on alternative and sustainable pavement materials, maintenance and rehabilitation of roads, transportation planning, traffic engineering, hybrid vehicles, safety management, and intelligent transport systems. In the second part of the book, basic and advanced research in geotechnical engineering which can provide sustainable solutions to practical problems in foundations, retaining structures, soil dynamics, site characterization, slope stability, dams, rock engineering, environmental geotechnics, and geosynthetics are covered. The third part of the book includes current research in environment, and water resources engineering. The contents of this book will be useful for students, researchers as well as industry professionals.

Automobiles have played an important role in the shaping of the human civilization for over a century and continue to play a crucial role today. The design, construction, and performance of automobiles have evolved over the years. For many years, there has been a strong shift toward electrification of automobiles. It started with the by-wire systems where more efficient electro-mechanical subsystems started replacing purely mechanical devices, e.g., anti-lock brakes, drive-by-wire, and cruise control. Over the last decade, driven by a strong push for fuel efficiency, pollution reduction, and environmental stewardship, electric and hybrid electric vehicles have become quite popular. In fact, almost all the automobile manufacturers have adopted strategies and launched vehicle models that are electric and/or hybrid. With this shift in technology, employers have growing needs for new talent in areas such as energy storage and battery technology, power electronics, electric motor drives, embedded control systems, and integration of multi-disciplinary systems. To support these needs, universities are adjusting their programs to train students in these new areas of expertise. For electric and hybrid technology to deliver superior performance and efficiency, all sub-systems have to work seamlessly and in unison every time and all the time. To ensure this level of precision and reliability, modeling and simulation play crucial roles during the design and development cycle of electric and hybrid vehicles. Simscape, a Matlab/Simulink toolbox for modeling physical systems, is an ideally suited platform for developing and deploying models for systems and sub-systems that are critical for hybrid and electric vehicles. This text will focus on guiding the reader in the development of models for all critical areas of hybrid and electric vehicles. There are numerous texts on electric and hybrid vehicles in the market right now. A majority of these texts focus on the relevant technology and the physics and engineering of their operation. In contrast, this text focuses on the application of some of the theories in developing models of physical systems that are at the core of hybrid and electric vehicles. Simscape is the tool of choice for the development of these models. Relevant background and appropriate theory are referenced and summarized in the context of model development with significantly more emphasis on the model development procedure and obtaining usable and accurate results.

This book draws together the most interesting recent results to emerge in mechanical engineering in Russia, providing a fascinating overview of the state of the art in the field in that country which will be of interest to a wide readership. A broad range of topics and issues in modern engineering are discussed, including dynamics of machines, materials engineering, structural strength and tribological behavior, transport technologies, machinery quality and innovations. The book comprises selected papers presented at the 8th conference "Modern Engineering: Science and Education", held at the Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University in May 2019 with the support of the Russian Engineering Union. The authors are experts in various fields of engineering, and all of the papers have been carefully reviewed. The book will be of interest to mechanical engineers, lecturers in engineering disciplines and engineering graduates.

This book reflects the latest research trends, methods and experimental results in the field of electrical and information technologies for rail transportation, which covers abundant state-of-the-art research theories and ideas. As a vital field of research that is highly relevant to current developments in a number of technological domains, the subjects it covered include intelligent computing, information processing, Communication Technology, Automatic Control, etc. The objective of the proceedings is to provide a major interdisciplinary forum for researchers, engineers, academicians as well as industrial professionals to present the most innovative research and development in the field of rail transportation electrical and information technologies. Engineers and researchers in academia, industry, and the government will also explore an insight view of the solutions that combine ideas from multiple disciplines in this field. The volumes serve as an excellent reference work for researchers and graduate students working on rail transportation, electrical and information technologies.

This book presents a comprehensive study on intelligent container terminals. Based on the development experience gained to date with container terminals, it analyzes information flows and their interactions with container terminals; illustrates the operation management process from information collection to resource planning and from equipment scheduling to field operation; highlights several dynamic decision-making problems concerning digital operation processes and container terminals; reveals the basis of the discrete logistics system; and discusses the future of intelligent container terminals.

This book analyzes how transport influences the ecology of various regions. Integrating perspectives and approaches from around the globe, it examines the use of different types of engines and fuels, and assesses the impact of vehicle design on the environment. The book also addresses the effect of the transport situation in agglomerations on their environmental safety. Various types of environmental impacts are considered, from traditional emissions to noise and vibration. Presenting scientific advances from 7 European countries, the book appeals to experts, teachers and students, as well as to anyone interested in the environmental aspects of the transport industry.

This book reports on an operational management approach to improving bike-sharing systems by compensating for fluctuating demand patterns. The aim is to redistribute bikes within the system, allowing it to be "actively" balanced. The book describes a mathematical model, as well as data-driven and simulation-based approaches. Further, it shows how these elements can be combined in a decision-making support system for service providers. In closing, the book uses real-world data to evaluate the method developed and demonstrates that it can successfully anticipate changes in demand, thus supporting efficient scheduling of transport vehicles to manually relocate bikes between stations.

This book gathers contributions from researchers and practitioners that foster user-centric, cross-modal and sustainable transport systems in Europe. It reports on cutting-edge approaches discussed within the project MOBILITY4EU, a Coordination and Support Action funded by the European Commission, and presented at the second conference "Towards User Centric Transport in Europe" that took place in Brussels in Fall 2018. The respective papers describe innovative approaches to improving urban mobility and accessibility, achieving zero-emission mobility, and guaranteeing, seamless operations. Co-creation approaches are also discussed. Highlighting technological, socio-economic and political strategies alike, the book provides researches and stakeholders with a comprehensive, timely snapshot of current measures and challenges for the mobility of tomorrow.

This book reports on cutting-edge theories and methods for analyzing complex systems, such as transportation and communication networks and discusses multi-disciplinary approaches to dependability problems encountered when dealing with complex systems in practice. The book presents the most noteworthy methods and results discussed at the International Conference on Reliability and Statistics in Transportation and Communication (RelStat), which took place remotely from Riga, Latvia, on October 14 - 17, 2020. It spans a broad spectrum of topics, from mathematical models and design methodologies, to software engineering, data security and financial issues, as well as practical problems in technical systems, such as transportation and telecommunications, and in engineering education.

This book gathers the outcomes of the second ECCOMAS CM3 Conference series on transport, which addressed the main challenges and opportunities that computation and big data represent for transport and mobility in the automotive, logistics, aeronautics and marine-maritime fields. Through a series of plenary lectures and mini-forums with lectures followed by question-and-answer sessions, the conference explored potential solutions and innovations to improve transport and mobility in surface and air applications. The book seeks to answer the question of how computational research in transport can provide innovative solutions to Green Transportation challenges identified in the ambitious Horizon 2020 program. In particular, the respective papers present the state of the art in transport modeling, simulation and optimization in the fields of maritime, aeronautics, automotive and logistics research. In addition, the content includes two white papers on transport challenges and prospects. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to students, researchers, engineers and practitioners whose work involves the implementation of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) software for the optimal use of roads, including safety and security, traffic and travel data, surface and air traffic management, and freight logistics.

This book presents the principal structure, networks and applications of the Global Aeronautical Distress and Safety System (GADSS) for enhanced airborne Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS). It shows how their implementation works to ensure better security in flight and on the airports surface; improved aircraft tracking and determination in real space and time; and enhanced distress alerting, safety; and Search and Rescue (SAR) system for missing, hijacked and landed aircraft at sea or on the ground. Main topics of this book are as follows: an overview of radio and satellite systems with retrospective to aeronautical safety; security and distress systems; space segment with all aspects regarding satellite orbits and infrastructures; transmission segment of radio and satellite systems; ground segment of radio and earth ground stations; airborne radio and satellite antenna systems and propagation; aeronautical VHF and HF Radio CNS systems and networks; Inmarsat, Iridium and Cospas-Sasrast aeronautical satellite CNS systems and networks; Aeronautical Global Satellite Augmentation System (GSAS) and networks; Digital Video Broadcasting - Return Channel via Satellite (DVB-RCS) standards and Aeronautical Stratospheric Platform Systems (SPS) and networks.

This book gathers together innovative research and practical findings relating to urban mobility transformation. It is especially intended to provide academicians, researchers, practitioners and decision makers with effective strategies and techniques that can support urban mobility in a sustainable way. The chapters, which report on contributions presented at the 5th Conference on Sustainable Urban Mobility, held virtually on June 17-19, 2020, from Greece, cover the thematic areas of: social networks and traveler behavior; applications of technologies in transportation and big data analytics; transport infrastructure and traffic management; and transportation modeling and impact assessment. Special attention is given to public transport and demand responsive systems, electromobility, micromobility and automated vehicles. The book addresses the challenges of the near future, highlighting the importance of knowledge transfer, and it is intended to foster communication among universities, industries and public administration.

This book begins by discussing the problems caused by transportation emissions, the various types of emissions, and the impacts they have on public health, agricultural production, and climate change. The next several chapters then present technologies and policies from around the world, which can be used to solve some of these problems. Finally, the book discusses implications for the future, from both an industrial and governmental point of view.

This book presents a novel approach to the formulation and solution of three classes of problems: the fully fuzzy transportation problem, the fully fuzzy transshipment problem, and fully fuzzy solid transportation problem. It points out some limitations of the existing formulations and approaches, indicating some possible, conceptually and algorithmically attractive solutions to alleviate them. In particular, the book describes new conceptual and algorithmic solutions for finding the fuzzy optimal solutions of the single-objective fully fuzzy transportation problems, the fully fuzzy transshipment problems and the fully fuzzy solid transportation problems. Moreover, based on the novel concepts and solutions proposed by combining the concept of a fully fuzzy solid transportation problem and a fully fuzzy transshipment problem, it describes a new class of problems, i.e. the fully fuzzy solid trans-shipment problem, together with its fuzzy linear programming formulation and some methods to find its fuzzy optimal solution. The book offers the readers a timely piece of literature in the field of fuzzy linear programming, and is expected to act as a source of inspiration for future research and applications.