Green and Intelligent Technologies for Sustainable and Smart Asphalt Pavements contains 124 papers from 14 different countries which were presented at the 5th International Symposium on Frontiers of Road and Airport Engineering (IFRAE 2021, Delft, the Netherlands, 12-14 July 2021). The contributions focus on research in the areas of "Circular, Sustainable and Smart Airport and Highway Pavement" and collects the state-of-the-art and state-of-practice areas of long-life and circular materials for sustainable, cost-effective smart airport and highway pavement design and construction. The main areas covered by the book include: * Green and sustainable pavement materials * Recycling technology * Warm & cold mix asphalt materials * Functional pavement design * Self-healing pavement materials * Eco-efficiency pavement materials * Pavement preservation, maintenance and rehabilitation * Smart pavement materials and structures * Safety technology for smart roads * Pavement monitoring and big data analysis * Role of transportation engineering in future pavements Green and Intelligent Technologies for Sustainable and Smart Asphalt Pavements aims at researchers, practitioners, and administrators interested in new materials and innovative technologies for achieving sustainable and renewable pavement materials and design methods, and for those involved or working in the broader field of pavement engineering.

This proceedings book is devoted to the development of environmental analysis of the surface layer of atmospheric air and green areas of urbanized areas. The analysis of scientific and methodological developments for assessing the level of environmental safety of urbanized areas, taking into account the influence of chemical and physical factors, is carried out. The choice of criteria for assessing the ecological state of the surface layer of atmospheric air is theoretically substantiated. The hazard index of the surface layer of atmospheric air, taking into account the influence of chemical and physical factors, and a method of its visual representation are proposed. An assessment of the environmental risk of the influence of the surface layer of the atmosphere was carried out. A quantitative assessment of the energy balance of the green zone is carried out for Kyiv city (Ukraine). Schemes for informing the population about the ecological state of air in real time are developed. The book is for researchers, engineers, as well as lecturers and postgraduates of higher education institutions dealing with issues of atmospheric pollution, ecological safety and urbanization.

This book introduces the research background and significance of carbon emissions in the tunnel industry and systematically reviewed the research progresses of carbon emission researches for tunnels, LCA (life cycle assessment) research framework, and uncertainty research progress. The authors propose a novel modular carbon emission calculation method for highway tunnel construction and expounds on the modular LCA system boundary theory of tunnel construction. This method does not require abundant knowledge of LCA modeling, which is convenient for general engineering and technical personnel to calculate the carbon emission level of tunnel construction. The calculation formulas for input and carbon emissions of each module are provided. It also analyzes the parameter uncertainty, model uncertainty, and scenario uncertainty of the carbon emissions from tunnel construction by the Monte Carlo method. Further, this book proposes the fitting model of carbon emissions of unit engineering quantity in tunnel construction, which benefits to simplify the calculation of carbon emissions.This book is mainly aimed at engineering and technical personnel in the construction industry, especially tunnel and underground engineering, including tunnel design engineers; tunnel construction engineers, experts, and scholars; tunnel owners; management departments.

Many books focus on individual differences and how those relate to traffic safety such as accident proneness, gender differences, age, alcohol, and the effects of drugs. Others focus on the safety effects regarding the vehicle such as airbags, anti-lock brakes, navigation systems, intelligent cruise control and other new gadgets coming to the vehicle. Even though these topics are undoubtedly important for traffic safety, this book takes a unique approach as it focuses solely on the road environment. Designing Safe Road Systems provides the background for those who want to know more about the effects of road design on driving behaviour. It uses a systems approach to allow a better understanding of why and in what circumstances drivers may commit errors. This understanding will ultimately lead to road systems that prevent (fatal) errors from occurring. The book contains an overview of the current models and theories about human performance and human behaviour in traffic that are relevant for all those involved in designing safe road systems. The central theme of this book is how design principles can reduce the probability of an error while driving. The authors demonstrate how knowledge of human factors helps a road authority to better understand how road users behave. They argue that in many cases the design of the environment can be further adjusted to human capabilities, and that safety should be considered a system property to be built into the road system.

Originally published in 1992, this book discusses a contemporary growth in environmental awareness, reflected in an increasing concern about the pollution caused by motor cars.The author considers the problem of congestion bringing traffic to a halt in the major cities and the increasingly controversial nature of contemporary transport planning. Professor Dimitriou provides a thorough and incisive contemporary analysis and suggests some appropriate solutions for the future.

Computer Aided Highway Engineering is aimed at developing professional knowledge in the field of highway engineering with adequate skills in planning, designing and implementation of the highway project with an exposure of hands on training of computer software in designing the worldwide road infrastructures. It discusses Digital Terrain Model (DTM) using satellite data including highway geometric, pavement and tunnel design, supported by relevant tutorials. Quantity estimation, cost estimation and production of various types of construction drawings are described in detail with theory and tutorials backed by real project data. Recognizes the role of information and computer technology in various aspects of highway design. Reviews different tasks for feasibility studies and DPR with software applications. Explores topographic survey, Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and highway geometrics and, pavement and drainage design. Discusses project estimations for various revisions of the engineering work. Includes HEADS Pro along with chapter wise tutorials containing design and field data, tutorial guides and various tutorial videos. This volume is aimed at Professionals in Civil Engineering, Highway Engineering, Transport Planning and Town Planning and Traffic Engineering.

This book proposes the tool change methods for the excessive tool wear in the construction rules of shield tunnel construction in China. From the perspective of shield tunneling, atmospheric pressure tool change, pressure opening and tool change, and other special techniques, the tool change technologies are proposed. It highlights a number of tool-changing techniques and research and development work, including pressure-changing tools, tool-changing tools in the tool-cylinder arm, and cutter-tooth cutter inter-change since the beginning of the construction of the Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel.

At first glance, roads seem like the simplest possible geotechnical structures. However, analysis of these structures runs up against complexities related to the intense stresses experienced by road surfaces, their intense interaction with climate, and the complicated behavior of the materials used in road construction. Modern mechanistic approaches to road design provide the tools capable of developing new technical solutions. However, use of these approaches requires deep understanding of the behavior of constituent materials and their interaction with water and heat which has recently been acquired thanks to advances in geotechnical engineering. The author comprehensively describes and explains these advances and their use in road engineering in the two-volume set Geotechnics of Roads, compiling information that had hitherto only been available in numerous research papers. Geotechnics of Roads: Advanced Analysis and Modeling develops 23 extended examples that cover most of the theoretical aspects presented in the book Geotechnics of Roads: Fundamentals. Moreover, for most examples, Volume 2 describes algorithms for solving complex problems and provides Matlab (R) scripts for their solution. Consequently, Volume 2 is a natural complement of the book Geotechnics of Roads: Fundamentals. This unique book will be of value to civil, structural and geotechnical engineers worldwide.

This book discusses the multiple systems that make commercial jet travel safe and convenient. The author starts by tracing the evolution of commercial jets from the Boeing 707 to the double decker Airbus A380. The next 7 chapters discuss flight controls, along with the high lift surfaces (flaps and slats) that are essential to allow high speed, low drag aircraft to take-off and land. The other systems include Engines/Nacelles, Cabin Pressurization and Air Conditioning systems, Landing Gear and brakes, Fuel Systems, Instruments/Sensors, and finally Deicing systems for the wings, nacelles and external air speed sensors. Case studies describe a significant accident that arose from a failure in the various systems described. The final chapter summarizes the past 60 years of jet travel and describe how these systems have created a cheaper, safer mode of travel than any other.

Presents coverage of the major areas in transportation engineering: traffic engineering, pavement materials, analysis and design, urban transportation planning, highway surveying, and geometric design of highways. Provides solutions to numerous practical problems in transportation engineering including terminology, theory, practice, computation, and design. Offers downloadable and user-friendly MS Excel spreadsheets as well as numerical methods and optimization tools and techniques. Includes several practical case studies throughout. Utilizes a unique approach in presenting the different topics of transportation engineering.

This book comprises the proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineering 2021. The contents of this volume focus on specialty conferences in construction, environmental, hydrotechnical, materials, structures, transportation engineering, etc. This volume will prove a valuable resource for those in academia and industry.

Pavements are the most ubiquitous of all man-made structures, and they have an enormous impact on environmental quality. They are responsible for hydrocarbon pollutants, excess runoff, groundwater decline and the resulting local water shortages, temperature increases in the urban "heat island," and for the ability of trees to extend their roots in order to live. Porous pavements, despite their ability to mitigate these factors, remain the object of much skepticism and controversy. Written by a renowned expert with 25 years of experience in urban watershed management, Porous Pavements is the first comprehensive "encyclopedia" of porous pavement materials. The book begins with five chapters that lay a foundation for all porous pavement materials and applications, introducing the types of materials and arrangements, their roles in the urban environment, and the principles of pavement structure, hydrology, and rooting space. The following nine chapters outline the costs, maintenance requirements, advantages and disadvantages for different applications, installation methods, sources of standard specifications, and performance levels for each family of porous pavement materials. Relying on case studies and factual data from observed experience, and containing abundant references for further information, Porous Pavements gives responsible practitioners a complete toolbox from which to select the appropriate material for site-specific conditions, providing a "green" alternative to impervious pavements.

Contents:
Preface. Acknowledgements. 1. Roads and Development. 1.1 The meaning of Development. 1.2 Evolution of Development Theory. 1.3 Poverty. 1.4 Evolution of Road Development. 1.5 Impact of Roads on Economic Development. 1.6 Transport and Poverty. 1.7 Impact of Roads on the Transition to a Market Economy. References. 2. Policy. 2.1 The Nature of Policy. 2.2 Government Policy. 2.3 Organisational Policy. 2.4 Integrated Policy. 2.5 Dissemination. 2.6 Performance Indicators. 2.7 Policy Formulation. 2.8 Policy Issues. References. 3. Traffic. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Traffic Composition. 3.3 Traffic Flows and Growth. 3.4 Capacity and Speed-flow. 3.5 Increasing Capacity. 3.6 Traffic Information and Data. 4. Traffic Safety. 4.1 Background. 4.2 Nature of the Problem. 4.3 Road Accident Costs. 4.4 Contributory Factors. 4.5 Institutions and Information Systems. 4.6 Improving Road Safety. 4.7 Priorities for Action. 5. Roads and Environment. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Environmental Impact Assessment. 5.4 Concluding Remarks. References. 6. Planning Methods. 6.1 The Nature of Planning. 6.2 Strategic Planning. 6.3 Physical Network Planning. 6.4 Transport Demanding Forecasting. 6.5 Plan Development and Implementation. References. 7. Economic Appraisal. 7.1 Purpose. 7.2 Preliminary Considerations. 7.3 Cost Estimation. 7.4 Assessment of Benefits for Major Roads. 7.5 Cost-benefit analysis for Major Roads. 7.6 Minor Roads Appraisal. References. 8. Soil Investigation 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Evaluation of Existing Information. 8.3 Field Investigation. 8.4 Laboratory Testing. 8.5 Soil Classification 9. Tropical Soils and Rocks. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Rocks. 9.3 Soils. References. 10. Hydrology and Drainage. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Rainfall. 10.3 Flood Discharge Estiimation. 10.4 Hydraulic Design. 10.5 Longitudinal Drainage Components. 10.6 Cross Drainage Components. 10.7 Culvert Design. 10.8 Erosion and Scour Protection. References. 11. Geometric Design Controls. 11.1 Basic Considerations. 11.2 Approach to Selecting Design Standards. 11.3 Classification of Roads 11.4 Slight Distance. 11.5 Traffic. 11.6 Cross-section. 12. Geometric Alignment Design. 12.1 Geometric Design Elements. 12.2 Horizontal Alignment. 12.3 Vertical Alignment. 12.4 Phasing. 12.5 Alignment Selection. 12.6 Intersections. 12.7 Low-cost Roads. 12.8 Computer-aided Design. References. 13. Earthworks, Unbound and Stabilized Pavements. 13.1 Earthworks. 13.2 Pavement Structure. 13.3 Unbound Pavement Layers. 13.4 Design of Gravel Pavements. 13.5 Stabilized Pavement Layers. References. 14. Asphalt Pavement Materials. 14.1 Asphalt Pavements. 14.2 Bituminous Binders. 14.3 Surface Dressing. 14.4 Premixed Asphalt. References. 15. Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Basic Empirical Methods. 15.3 Overseas Road Note 31. 15.4 The AASHTO Method. 15.5 Theoretical-mechanistic Design. 15.6 Overlay Design. 16. Contracts and Work Procurement. 16.1 Project Execution Methods. 16.2 Types of Contract. 16.3 The FIDIC Contract. References. 17. Contract Supervision. 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Supervision Organisation. 17.3 Quality Control. 17.4 Measurement of Work. 17.5 Payment to the Contractor. 17.6 Progress Control. 17.7 Extension of Time. 17.8 Cost Claims. 17.9 Default of Contractor. 17.10 Supervision Procedures. References. 18. Appropriate Technology. 18.1 Technology Options. 18.2 Choice of Technology. 18.3 Labour-based and Intermediate Methods. 18.4 Equipment Management. References. 19. Maintenance Management. 19.1 The Road Network as an Asset. 19.2 Road Network Management. 19.3 Network Information. 19.4 Assessing Needs. 19.5 Determining Options. 19.6 Choosing Actions. 19.7 Implementation 19.8 Monitoring and Audit. 19.9 Information Systems. References. 20. Maintenance Operations. 20.1 Introduction. 20.2 Classification of Maintenance Activities 20.3 Safety. 20.4 Asphalt Pavements. 20.5 Unpaved Rods. 20.6 Roadside Areas. 20.7 Drainage Systems. 20.8 Traffic Control Devices. 20.9 Implementation. References. 21. The HDM-4 Road Investment Model. 21.1 Introduction. 21.2 Types of Analysis. 21.3 Structure of HDM-4. 21.4 Components of HDM-4. 21.5 Examples of Applications. 22. Institutional Development. 22.1 Introduction. 22.2 Finance. 22.3 Management. 22.4 Ownership and Responsibility. 22.5 Expected Outcomes. References. 23. Training of Staff. 23.1 Purpose of Training. 23.2 Institutional Issues. 23.3 Training Types. 23.4 Training Needs Analysis. 23.5 Planning. 23.6 Detailed Preparation. 23.7 Implementation. References. 24. Development Aid. 24.1 Introduction. 24.2 Resource Transfers. 24.3 International Aid Agencies. 24.4 Bilateral Donors. 24.5 Assistance to the Transport and Road Sector. 24.6 Recent Trends in Aid Management. 24.7 Project Cycle and Framework. References.

Nearly all highway, airport, dock and industrial pavements contain large quantities of untreated aggregate in the form of unbound pavement layers. In many pavements, which are lightly or moderately trafficked, crushed rock or gravel derived aggregates comprise the majority of the construction or, in the case of unsealed pavements, all of the structure. This book provides studies of the performance and description of this material that will help the reader to better understand its characteristics and behaviour both alone and as part of the pavement structure it forms. This work will be useful to practitioners, policy makers, researchers and students. It forms a sequel to the earlier book "Unbound Aggregates in Road Construction" also published by Balkema

Developing countries in the tropics often have challenging natural conditions and different institutional and financial institutions to industrialized countries. However, most textbooks on road engineering are based on experience in industrialized countries with temperate climates.

Road Engineering for Development (published as Highway and Traffic Engineering in Developing Countries in its first edition) provides a comprehensive coverage of the planning, design, construction and maintenance of roads in developing and emerging countries. It covers a wide range of technical and non-technical problems that may confront road engineers working in the developing world. This new edition has extended the focus to include those countries of the former Eastern Bloc, which share many institutional issues and the financial problems confronting developing countries.

Designed as a fundamental text for civil engineering students this book also offers a broad, practical view of the subject for practising engineers. It has been written with the assistance of a number of world-renowned specialist professional engineers with many years experience working in Africa, the Middle East, Asia and Central America.

Highway engineers are facing the challenge not only to design and construct sustainable and safe pavements properly and economically. This implies a thorough understanding of materials behaviour, their appropriate use in the continuously changing environment, and implementation of constantly improved technologies and methodologies. Bituminous Mixtures and Pavements VII contains more than 100 contributions that were presented at the 7th International Conference 'Bituminous Mixtures and Pavements' (7ICONFBMP, Thessaloniki, Greece 12-14 June 2019). The papers cover a wide range of topics: - Bituminous binders - Aggregates, unbound layers and subgrade - Bituminous mixtures (Hot, Warm and Cold) - Pavements (Design, Construction, Maintenance, Sustainability, Energy and environment consideration) - Pavement management - Pavement recycling - Geosynthetics - Pavement assessment, surface characteristics and safety - Posters Bituminous Mixtures and Pavements VII reflects recent advances in highway materials technology and pavement engineering, and will be of interest to academics and professionals interested or involved in these areas.

Road traffic and its impacts affect all aspects of modern life, leisure and industry, with safety, congestion and pollution being of greatest public concern. Transport planning increasingly emphasises travel demand management (TDM) and traffic calming - aided by dynamic, lower cost data from Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) - to enable real time monitoring, control and traveller information. This second edition of a highly successful work has been fully updated since its first publication in 1996 to reflect developments in technology available to the traffic analyst and in the social, ecological and economic environment. New sections are included on shockwaves, data capture without surveys, traffic incidents, delay estimation, off-line use of on-line data, environmental sensitivity, and controlled crash tests. The authors introduce and demonstrate techniques with which the analyst, engineer or planner can examine traffic problems. The underlying theme is that proper understanding of traffic systems performance and traffic problems can only come from the intelligent processing, refinement, appraisal and evaluation of traffic data. Arranged in five parts, the book offers an integrated approach to tackling road traffic problems: c How to gain information and understanding about traffic c The theories of traffic flow c The principles of good survey planning and management c Specific types of traffic studies c Analytical techniques for transforming raw data into useful information. Understanding Traffic Systems provides cogent insights into the techniques of traffic data collection and analysis, the application of traffic theory and the role of data in analysis and decision making. Its breadth and use of examples from several countries make it a useful reference text for students and researchers, as well as an essential tool for practising traffic engineers and planners.

This interdisciplinary volume comprises papers from several fields related to compaction. Topics include: soil compaction for pavements and roads; deep soil compaction by vibration, impact and underground explosion; compaction control; and compaction processes in engineering.

At first glance, roads seem like the simplest possible geotechnical structures. However, analysis of these structures runs up against complexities related to the intense stresses experienced by road surfaces, their intense interaction with climate, and the complicated behavior of the materials used in road construction. Modern mechanistic approaches to road design provide the tools capable of developing new technical solutions. However, use of these approaches requires deep understanding of the behavior of constituent materials and their interaction with water and heat which has recently been acquired thanks to advances in geotechnical engineering. The author comprehensively describes and explains these advances and their use in road engineering in the two-volume set Geotechnics of Roads, compiling information that had hitherto only been available in numerous research papers. Geotechnics of Roads: Fundamentals presents stresses and strains in road structures, water and heat migration within and between layers of road materials, and the effects of water on the strength and stiffness of those materials. It includes a deep analysis of soil compaction, one of the most important issues in road construction. Compaction accounts for only a small proportion of a construction budget but its effects on the long-term performance of a road are decisive. In addition, the book describes methodologies for nondestructive road evaluation including analysis of continuous compaction control, a powerful technique for real-time quality control of road structures. This unique book will be of value to civil, structural and geotechnical engineers worldwide.

This volume provides an overview of the proceedings of the XIIth ECSME Conference 1999. It covers a wide variety of topics, from summaries of workshops and sessions, to the emergence of information technology and information retrieval and communication.

This book covers the basic scientific theory and related application technologies of the pantograph-catenary system, including research findings on pantograph/catenary contact resistance, pantograph interface thermal effect, laws and characteristics of current-carrying friction and wear, the main research methods for pantograph arcs, the effects of arcs on pantograph systems and onboard equipment, and the materials used for pantographs and contact wires. Given its scope, it offers a valuable resource for students, scholars, and development engineers alike. The relationship between pantograph and catenary is one of the three core aspects of the safe operation of high-speed electrified railways. The pantograph system provides electric power for the high-speed train through the sliding electric contact. As the train's operating speed increases, the pantograph system enters a state of prolonged sliding/vibration, resulting in frequent arcs, electrode erosion, and increased wear.

This interdisciplinary volume comprises papers from several fields related to compaction. Topics include: soil compaction for pavements and roads; deep soil compaction by vibration, impact and underground explosion; compaction control; and compaction processes in engineering.

The aim of the studies presented in this report is the implementation of rational concepts and testing procedures for the design and manufacture of bituminous materials for applications in pavement construction. Practical test procedures are recommended for binder evaluation, mix design and performance assessment of bituminous materials. The three main topics addressed are binder testing, mix design and mechanical testing of mixtures. Each is examined through inter-laboratory tests and there is a literary review of existing practices and methods for the production of polymer-modified binders, mixture design and the mechanical properties of mixtures.

A comprehensive, state-of-the-art resource on pavement design and materials

With innovations ranging from the advent of Superpave, the data generated by the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) project, to the recent release of the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide developed under NCHRP Study 1-37A, the field of pavement engineering is experiencing significant development. Pavement Design and Materials is a practical reference for both students and practicing engineers that explores all the aspects of pavement engineering, including materials, analysis, design, evaluation, and economic analysis.

Historically, numerous techniques have been applied by a multitude of jurisdictions dealing with roadway pavements. This book focuses on the best-established, currently applicable techniques available.

Pavement Design and Materials offers complete coverage of:

The characterization of traffic input

The characterization of pavement bases/subgrades and aggregates

Asphalt binder and asphalt concrete characterization

Portland cement and concrete characterization

Analysis of flexible and rigid pavements

Pavement evaluation

Environmental effects on pavements

The design of flexible and rigid pavements

Pavement rehabilitation

Economic analysis of alternative pavement designs

The coverage is accompanied by suggestions for software for implementing various analytical techniques described in these chapters. These tools are easily accessible through the book's companion Web site, which is constantly updated to ensure that the reader finds the most up-to-date software available.

Incorporating the proceedings of RILEM TC-PRC third conference on this subject, this volume includes papers from road authorities, engineers, researchers, contractors and manufacturers discussing the implementation and the long term behaviour of overlay systems. This book should be of interest to research institutes concerned with transportation and highway engineering; government and local authority engineers, contractors, material suppliers.