Transportation typically entails crucial "life-death" choices, delegating crucial decisions to an AI algorithm without any explanation poses a serious threat. Hence, explainability and responsible AI is crucial in the context of intelligent transportation. In Intelligence Transportation System (ITS) implementations such as traffic management systems and autonomous driving applications, AI-based control mechanisms are gaining prominence. Explainable artificial intelligence for intelligent transportation system tackling certain challenges in the field of autonomous vehicle, traffic management system, data integration and analytics and monitor the surrounding environment. The book discusses and inform researchers on explainable Intelligent Transportation system. It also discusses prospective methods and techniques for enabling the interpretability of transportation systems. The book further focuses on ethical considerations apart from technical considerations.

This book gathers papers from the 23rd International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications (AMAA 2020) held online from Berlin, Germany, on May 26-27, 2020. Focusing on intelligent system solutions for auto mobility and beyond, it discusses in detail innovations and technologies enabling electrification, automation and diversification, as well as strategies for a better integration of vehicles into the networks of traffic, data and power. Further, the book addresses other relevant topics, including the role of human factors and safety issues in automated driving, solutions for shared mobility, as well as automated bus transport in rural areas. Implications of current circumstances, such as those generated by climate change, on the future development of auto mobility, are also analysed, providing researchers, practitioners and policy makers with an authoritative snapshot of the state-of-the-art, and a source of inspiration for future developments and collaborations.

This book highlights a diverse range of initiatives that have been launched to attain sustainable mobility systems, in particular regarding the energy efficiency aspect. It offers a valuable reference for various stakeholders in transportation systems, while also sharing new ideas on how transportation can meet the challenges of tomorrow.

This book contributes to the progress towards intelligent transportation. It emphasizes new data management and machine learning approaches such as big data, deep learning and reinforcement learning. Deep learning and big data are very energetic and vital research topics of today's technology. Road sensors, UAVs, GPS, CCTV and incident reports are sources of massive amount of data which are crucial to make serious traffic decisions. Herewith this substantial volume and velocity of data, it is challenging to build reliable prediction models based on machine learning methods and traditional relational database. Therefore, this book includes recent research works on big data, deep convolution networks and IoT-based smart solutions to limit the vehicle's speed in a particular region, to support autonomous safe driving and to detect animals on roads for mitigating animal-vehicle accidents. This book serves broad readers including researchers, academicians, students and working professional in vehicles manufacturing, health and transportation departments and networking companies.

This book presents the select proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Practices and Innovations in Civil Engineering (SPICE 2019). The chapters discuss emerging and current research in sustainability in different areas of civil engineering, which aim to provide solutions to sustainable development. The contents are broadly divided into the following six categories: (i) structural systems, (ii) environment and water resource systems, (iii) construction technologies, (iv)geotechnical systems, (v) innovative building materials, and (vi) transportation. This book will be of potential interest for students, researchers, and practitioners working in sustainable civil engineering related fields.

This book is focused on the discussion of the traffic assignment problem, the mathematical and practical meaning of variables, functions and basic principles. This work gives information about new approaches, methods and algorithms based on original methodological technique, developed by authors in their publications for the past several years, as well as corresponding prospective implementations. The book may be of interest to a wide range of readers, such as civil engineering students, traffic engineers, developers of traffic assignment algorithms etc. The obtained results here are to be used in both practice and theory. This book is devoted to the traffic assignment problem, formulated in a form of nonlinear optimization program. The most efficient solution algorithms related to the problem are based on its structural features and practical meaning rather than on standard nonlinear optimization techniques or approaches. The authors have carefully considered the meaning of the traffic assignment problem for efficient algorithms development.

This book introduces readers to the main traffic flow modelling approaches and discusses their features and applications. It provides a comprehensive and cutting-edge review of traffic flow models, from their roots in the 1930s to the latest developments in the field. In addition, it presents problem sets that offer readers further insights into the models and hands-on experience with simulation approaches. The simulations used in the exercises can be built upon for readers' own research or other applications. The models discussed in this book are applied to describe, predict and control traffic flows on roads with the aid of rapid and accurate estimations of current and future states. The book shows how these models are developed, what their chief characteristics are, and how they can be effectively employed.

This book is one of the first to include an extensive discussion of integrated public transport planning. In times of growing urban populations and increasing environmental awareness, the importance of optimizing public transport systems is ever-developing. Three different aspects are presented: line planning, timetabling, and vehicle scheduling. Classically, challenges concerning these three aspects of planning are solved sequentially. Due to their high interdependence, the author presents a clear and detailed analysis of innovative, integrated models with accompanied numerical experiments performed to assess, and often support, the benefits of integration. The book will appeal to a wide readership ranging from graduate students to researchers.

This book contains contributions from the international conference "Engineering Innovations and Sustainable Development," organized by three Russian universities on June 17-18, 2021. By presenting international research on various sustainability issues, it includes topics such as current trends in industrial and agricultural development, innovations in the construction and transport sectors, problems concerning the financing of innovative activities and governmental support for innovations, and engineering competences and skills in the era of new technologies. It also covers the economic, environmental, and informational aspects of sustainable development in the context of innovations. Finally, the book addresses theoretical and practical aspects by studying the phenomenon of sustainability and engineering development in terms of comparing international experiences. It provides significant value for scientists, teachers, and students of higher educational institutions, and specialists, who are researching sustainable development issues in the era of engineering innovations.

This book explores the legal and regulatory aspects of the complex air cargo sector, discussing in detail the general principles of the carriage of air cargo; artificial intelligence and air cargo; facilitation; carriage of hazardous goods; human remains; and animals, as well as cargo security; price fixing and anti competitive conduct in air cargo operations; liability issues; the air cargo supply chain and contract of carriage. It also discusses related achievements of the International Civil Aviation Organization; the International Air Transport Association and Airports Council International. The value of goods carried by airlines represents 7.4% of the global Gross Domestic Product. While cargo carried by air accounts for less than 1% of global cargo carriage, airlines carry 35% of the value of world trade, making this industry highly valuable and efficient, and the most reliable way to transport goods throughout the world. On average, airlines transport 52 million metric tons of goods per annum, worth an equivalent of $6.8 trillion, i.e. $18.6 billion worth of goods daily.

This book gathers papers presented at the 11th international scientific conference "Transbaltica: Transportation Science and Technology", held on May 2-3, 2019 at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania. It covers cutting-edge issues concerning research and development of modern transport systems. The chapters, written by an international group of experts, discuss novel and smart solutions in the area of vehicle engineering, including environmentally friendly technologies, topics relating to traffic safety, modeling and control, and solutions and challenges in modern logistics. Further topics include multimodal transport and vehicle automation. Providing comprehensive information and ideas concerning innovative transportation technologies and challenges, this book offers a valuable resource for transportation researchers and practitioners, including engineers, managers and decision-makers in the field.

This book offers an overview of sustainability and urban mobility in the context of urban planning - topics that are of considerable interest in the development of smart cities. Environmental sustainability is universally recognized as a fundamental condition for any urban policy or urban management activity, while mobility is essential for the survival of complex urban systems. The new opportunities offered by innovations in the mobility of people, goods and information, as well as radically changing interactions and activities are transforming cities. Including contributions by urban planning scholars, the book provides an up-to-date picture of the latest studies and innovative policies and practices in Italy, of particular interest due to its spatial, functional and social peculiarities. Sustainability and mobility must form the basis of "smart planning" - a new dimension of urban planning linked to two main innovations: procedural innovation in the management of territorial transformations and the technological innovation of the generation, processing and distribution of data (big data) for the creation of new "digital environments" such as GIS, BIM, models of augmented and mixed reality, useful for describing changes in human settlement in real time.

This book investigates Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) with a payload capacity of one metric ton for transportation. The authors provide a large variety of perspectives-from economics to technical realization. With the focus on such heavy-lift cargo UAS, the authors consider recently established methods for approval and certification, which they expect to be disruptive for unmanned aviation. In particular, the Specific Operations Risk Assessment (SORA) and its impact on the presented technological solutions and operational concepts are studied. Starting with the assumption of an operation over sparsely populated areas and below common air traffic, diverse measures to further reduce operational risks are proposed. Operational concepts derived from logistics use-cases set the context for an in-depth analysis including aircraft and system design, safe autonomy as well as airspace integration and datalinks. Results from simulations and technology demonstrations are presented as a proof of concept for solutions proposed in this book.

This textbook provides a comprehensive learning resource material for tourism transportation. Exploring the interrelationship between transport and tourism, it demonstrates how different types of transportation systems interact and are combined within the tourism destination framework. It addresses topics such as the geographical aspects of tourism transportation, technological advances in transportation, public transportation in tourism, drive tourism, recreational transportation, and various forms of tourism, including car, rail, coach, water, cycling, and space tourism. Readers will also learn about sustainability aspects, consumer behavior, and tourist behavior modelling. The book offers a valuable asset for graduate as well as master degree students in regional and spatial science, transportation engineering, and tourism and transportation economics, as well as for professionals in the travel, tourism, transport, and hospitality industries who are interested in the link between tourism and transportation, its benefits and impacts. Tourist destinations can strategically use this learning resource to gain a better understanding of the leisure and recreational aspects of the transportation system and consequently boost their appeal to tourists.

This co-edited book focuses on the state-of-the-art research in transportation in India. Exploring the need for a sustainable transport paradigm in India, this timely book offers solution concepts for mobility and infrastructure challenges faced by local, state, and national transport authorities. The contents provide a holistic understanding of the paradigm, considering several case-studies and study findings from the leading transportation researchers in India. At the same time, it also addresses the pressing transportation related challenges such as road user safety, traffic operation efficiency, economic and social development, non-motorized transport planning, environmental impact mitigation, energy consumption reduction, land-use, equity, freight transport planning, multimodal coordination, access for the diverse range of travellers' needs, sustainable pavement construction, and emerging vehicle technologies. The existing practices and policies in all the sectors and levels of transport are highlighted in this book with an emphasis on a broader vision for achieving sustainable and inclusive development. The information and data-driven inferences compiled in the book will be useful for practitioners, policymakers, educators, researchers, students, and individual learners.

This book explores the opportunities and challenges of the sharing economy and innovative transportation technologies with regard to urban mobility. Written by government experts, social scientists, technologists and city planners from North America, Europe and Australia, the papers in this book address the impacts of demographic, societal and economic trends and the fundamental changes arising from the increasing automation and connectivity of vehicles, smart communication technologies, multimodal transit services, and urban design. The book is based on the Disrupting Mobility Summit held in Cambridge, MA (USA) in November 2015, organized by the City Science Initiative at MIT Media Lab, the Transportation Sustainability Research Center at the University of California at Berkeley, the LSE Cities at the London School of Economics and Politics and the Innovation Center for Mobility and Societal Change in Berlin.

This edited book comprises papers about the impacts, benefits and challenges of connected and automated cars. It is the third volume of the LNMOB series dealing with Road Vehicle Automation. The book comprises contributions from researchers, industry practitioners and policy makers, covering perspectives from the U.S., Europe and Japan. It is based on the Automated Vehicles Symposium 2015 which was jointly organized by the Association of Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) and the Transportation Research Board (TRB) in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in July 2015. The topical spectrum includes, but is not limited to, public sector activities, human factors, ethical and business aspects, energy and technological perspectives, vehicle systems and transportation infrastructure. This book is an indispensable source of information for academic researchers, industrial engineers and policy makers interested in the topic of road vehicle automation.

At first glance, roads seem like the simplest possible geotechnical structures. However, analysis of these structures runs up against complexities related to the intense stresses experienced by road surfaces, their intense interaction with climate, and the complicated behavior of the materials used in road construction. Modern mechanistic approaches to road design provide the tools capable of developing new technical solutions. However, use of these approaches requires deep understanding of the behavior of constituent materials and their interaction with water and heat which has recently been acquired thanks to advances in geotechnical engineering. The author comprehensively describes and explains these advances and their use in road engineering in the two-volume set Geotechnics of Roads, compiling information that had hitherto only been available in numerous research papers. Geotechnics of Roads: Fundamentals presents stresses and strains in road structures, water and heat migration within and between layers of road materials, and the effects of water on the strength and stiffness of those materials. It includes a deep analysis of soil compaction, one of the most important issues in road construction. Compaction accounts for only a small proportion of a construction budget but its effects on the long-term performance of a road are decisive. In addition, the book describes methodologies for nondestructive road evaluation including analysis of continuous compaction control, a powerful technique for real-time quality control of road structures. This unique book will be of value to civil, structural and geotechnical engineers worldwide.

This book offers an update on recent developments in modern engineering design. Different engineering disciplines, such as mechanical, materials, computer and process engineering, provide the foundation for the design and development of improved structures, materials and processes. The modern design cycle is characterized by the interaction between various disciplines and a strong shift to computer-based approaches where only a few experiments are conducted for verification purposes. A major driver for this development is the increased demand for cost reduction, which is also linked to environmental demands. In the transportation industry (e.g. automotive or aerospace), the demand for higher fuel efficiency is related to reduced operational costs and less environmental damage. One way to fulfil such requirements is lighter structures and/or improved processes for energy conversion. Another emerging area is the interaction of classical engineering with the health and medical sector.

This book contains selected papers resulting from the 2020 International Conference on Road and Traffic Engineering (CRTE 2020) covering Road Engineering and Traffic Engineering, aiming to provide an academic and technical communication platform for scholars and engineers engaged in scientific research and engineering practice in the field of Road Engineering and Materials, Traffic Engineering and Management and Transportation Engineering. By sharing the research status of scientific research achievements and cutting-edge technologies, it helps scholars and engineers all over the world to comprehend the academic development trends and broaden research ideas. So as to strengthen international academic research, academic topics exchange and discussion, and promote the industrialization cooperation of academic achievements.

This book mainly focuses on the innovations in intelligent transportation infrastructure and management. The content of the book is selected in such a way that it will cover a wide range of areas to integrate advanced technologies and provide best and innovative solution to problems faced by the rapidly growing transportation sector. The topics of the book primarily address the needs of the students in civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering. It is equally useful as reference material for innovators, inventors, practitioners, and policymaker for an innovative and classified solution in the field of transportation and infrastructure management. Looking at the global electric and hybrid vehicles market, the book focuses on and discuss recent developments in electric mobility across the globe. In this edition, we try to feature toward an update on the performance and costs of batteries which is the current demand of the consumers. The book inspires researchers, innovators, industry experts, and policymakers to consider the solutions into the practice.

This book introduces modern safety management in rail transport, focusing on the challenges resulting from the digital economy. It details how the cybersecurity of railway technical systems and risk can be managed. The rail transport sector is increased integrated into the digital economy. Ensuing the safety of technical systems and managing the rail system as a whole are key challenges for rail transport designers, managers, users and other stakeholders. Developing of rail transport based on the interoperability of different systems requires both searching for modern solutions and ensuring a high level of standardization of processes. In the context of the widespread digitalization of railway systems, new hazards arise that can lead to undesirable events. This book examines these issues. The book will be of interest to rail professionals, and researchers into transport systems and reliability.

This book shows how the systems approach is employed by scientists in various countries to solve specific problems concerning railway transport. In particular, the book describes the experiences of scientists from Romania, Germany, the Czech Republic, the UK, Russia, Ukraine, Lithuania and Poland. For many of these countries there is a problem with the historical differences between the railways. In particular, there are railways with different rail gauges, with different signaling and communication systems, with different energy supplies and, finally, with different political systems, which are reflected in the different approaches to the management of railway economies. The book's content is divided into two main parts, the first of which provides a systematic analysis of individual means of providing and maintaining rail transport. In turn, the second part addresses infrastructure and management development, with particular attention to security issues. Though primarily written for professionals involved in various problems concerning railway transport, the book will also benefit manufacturers, railway technical staff, managers, and students with transport specialties, as well as a wide range of readers interested in learning more about the current state of transport in different countries.

This volume presents selected papers presented during the 4th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics. The papers address the geotechnical challenges in design, construction, maintenance, monitoring, and upgrading of roads, railways, airfields, and harbor facilities and other ground transportation infrastructure with the goal of providing safe, economic, environmental, reliable and sustainable infrastructures. This volume will be of interest to postgraduate students, academics, researchers, and consultants working in the field of civil and transport infrastructure.

The understanding of empirical traf?c congestion occurring on unsignalized mul- lane highways and freeways is a key for effective traf?c management, control, or- nization, and other applications of transportation engineering. However, the traf?c ?ow theories and models that dominate up to now in transportation research journals and teaching programs of most universities cannot explain either traf?c breakdown or most features of the resulting congested patterns. These theories are also the - sis of most dynamic traf?c assignment models and freeway traf?c control methods, which therefore are not consistent with features of real traf?c. For this reason, the author introduced an alternative traf?c ?ow theory called three-phase traf?c theory, which can predict and explain the empirical spatiot- poral features of traf?c breakdown and the resulting traf?c congestion. A previous book "The Physics of Traf?c" (Springer, Berlin, 2004) presented a discussion of the empirical spatiotemporal features of congested traf?c patterns and of three-phase traf?c theory as well as their engineering applications. Rather than a comprehensive analysis of empirical and theoretical results in the ?eld, the present book includes no more empirical and theoretical results than are necessary for the understanding of vehicular traf?c on unsignalized multi-lane roads. The main objectives of the book are to present an "elementary" traf?c ?ow theory and control methods as well as to show links between three-phase traf?c t- ory and earlier traf?c ?ow theories. The need for such a book follows from many commentsofcolleaguesmadeafterpublicationofthebook"ThePhysicsofTraf?c."