The task of updating the classification was given to the Classification and Nomenclature Committee of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists and its four subcommittees. This classification reflects the present state of knowledge and modifications are almost certain to be needed as experience accumulates. Since many of the tumours and tumour-like conditions in the classification occur in several sites in the female genital tract, cross-referencing from one site to another has been done in illustrating these lesions.

Although more than 12 years have passed since publication of the first WHO histological classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumours, the changes in this revised edition are not radical. Only one formerly recognized entity has been deleted: the monstrocellular sarcoma, because there is immuno- cytochemical evidence of its astrocytic nature. Several new tumour types have been added: the pleomorphic xanthoastro- cytoma has been generally acknowledged for almost a decade; the neurocytoma has gradually evolved as a clinical-pathological entity; and two new entries, the dysembryoplastic neuroepi- thelial tumour and the desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma, have only been characterized morphologically during the past few years. We regard the classification as an international standard to facilitate communication and have tried to avoid current con- ceptual controversies. The majority of partiCipants supported inclusion of the term "primitive neuroectodermal tumour" (pNET). However, because of our limited knowledge of the biol- ogy of embryonal CNS tumours, preference was given to use PNET selectively, rather than applying it to all small cell embryo- nal childhood tumours, irrespective of their histological pheno- type. Ependymomas and meningiomas now have new histological SUbtypes. Most of these are not associated with biological behaviour different from the parent tumour type, but their description will aid the practising pathologist to identify and classify these lesions. 2 Introduction Histological Typing Following the philosophy of this WHO series, classification is based primarily on histological assessment of cell types and tis- sue patterns recognized by conventional light microscopy.

1. 1 The Cytokeratins as a Member of the Intermediate Filament Protein Family Intermediate filaments together with microtubules and actin microfilaments make up the filamentous cytoskeleton found in the cytoplasm of vertebrate cells. Recently, intermediate filament proteins have also been described in invertebrates, but their chemistry is not yet known (for review see Biessmann and Walter 1989). These filaments (about 10 nm in diameter) used to be categorized into five classes - cytokeratin, vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilaments (NFs). The expression of these proteins follows differentiation-dependent rules: cytokeratins occur in epi- thelial cells, NF proteins are expressed in neurons, GFAP in astrocytes and some nonglial cells, desmin in smooth muscle cells and in striated myocytes, and vimentin in mesenchymal cells (for review see Lazarides 1980; Osborn and Weber 1983). Recent investigations including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and protein sequencing and peptide mapping have redefined the intermediate filaments into five types or subfamilies (type I, acidic cytokeratins; type II, basic cytokeratins; type III, vimentin, desmin, peripherin, and GFAP; type IV, the three NF proteins; and type V, the nuclear lamins (for review see Nagle 1988). A new type VI intermediate filament protein, nestin, has been described in the developing nervous system (Lendahl et al. 1990), and is initially co- expressed with vimentin in neuroepithelial stem cells (Steinert and Liem 1990). The cytokeratins are the most complex subgroup of intermediate filament proteins.

Disturbances in peripheral O extraction can be produced in dogs treated with 2 endotoxin and thereby provide an opportunity to test theories for the origin of pathological O supply dependency or to try different treatment modalities. The 2 most serious deficiency in the current animal models is the inability to mimic the increased O demand that is observed in patients at 02 delivery rates in excess of 2 normal. A particular feature of this increased O demand is that it apparently does 2 not stimulate increased 02 extraction, although the limitation in O extraction has 2 not been explored in patients by lowering 02 supply, for obvious reasons. At least two possibilities to account for increased 02 demand could be investigated in animal models, however. The amount of 02 that is utilized in extramitochondrial pathways, which is normally on the order of 10%, may be greatly increased in ARDS and sepsis by O radical formation. There is presently no information 2 concerning how much 02 might be used in this way. Another strong possibility is that mitochondrial injury, perhaps as a result of 02 radical formation, uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. Some evidence presently in the literature supports this idea [19]. Indeed, the association of increased blood lactate levels with higher than expected 02 demands makes uncoupling a very attractive hypothesis that warrants further investigation in animal models using such agents as 2,4-dinitrophenol. References 1.

Retaining the same scope as the first edition, this new edition deals with the classification and characteristics of tumours and tumour-like lesions. Similar information is also given on odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts of the jaws. It is extensively illustrated with photomicrographs in colour, together with clinical radiographs and photographs of operation specimens to show the distinctive features of various lesions. The classification has been updated to reflect the present state of knowledge and changes in views, and includes a number of newly recognised entities.

This second edition is more extensive and detailed than the previous one - now a reference of two decades standing. New technical methods have increased our understanding of many tumours, and the earlier group of monomorphic adenomas has been separated for easier identification, while clearly defined tumours - even if uncommon - have their own category. With reference to their differences in prognosis and treatment, the various types of carcinomas are now listed separately, and new entities have been adopted. The inclusion of the TNM classification of salivary gland tumours together with the more detailed description of the tumour-like lesions will contribute to an even better understanding.

This classification is based primarily on the microscopic characteris- tics of tumours. It is therefore concemed with the identification of cell types and histological pattems as seen by conventional light mi- croscopy. In general, time-honoured terms have been retained. Syn- onyms are listed only if they have been widely used, or if they are considered to be important for understanding the disease process. In such cases the preferred term is given first, followed by the synonym in parentheses. The individuality of the tumour manifests itself principally in its histological appearance and the extent of spread at the time of diag- nosis. This volume is concemed only with the histological classifica- tion of tumours. Anatomieal extent or staging is covered in the TNM 1 Classification. The histological classification of a tumour depends on two main parameters, typing and grading, and a number of additional parame- ters which may apply to selected examples.

For 40 years, Bancroft's Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques has established itself as the standard reference for histotechnologists and laboratory scientists, as well as histopathologists. With coverage of the full range of histological techniques used in medical laboratories and pathology departments, it provides a strong foundation in all aspects of histological technology - from basic methods of section preparation and staining, to advanced diagnostic techniques such as immunocytochemistry and molecular testing. This revised and updated 8th Edition by Kim S. Suvarna, Christopher Layton, and John D. Bancroft is a one-stop reference for all those involved with histological preparations and applications, from student to highly advanced laboratory professional. Presents a thorough, up-to-date, and detailed approach to the theory and protocols for preparing cells and tissues for laboratory evaluation, covering topics ranging from basic to advanced Features new content on automation (computer logging and tracking, sub-sampling and archiving of samples), digital scanning techniques for slides used in remote/telepathology, and specialist molecular techniques. Provides superb visual guidance through the use of vivid color illustrations, including additional illustrations of diagnostic modalities and techniques. Contains more summary tables, charts, and boxes throughout for quick reference. Expert ConsultT eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

Master histology with idealized and actual photomicrography! This thirteenth edition of Atlas of Histology with Functional Correlations (formerly diFiore's ) provides a rich understanding of the basic histology concepts that medical and allied health students need to know. Realistic, full-color illustrations as well as actual photomicrographs of histologic structures are complemented by concise discussions of their most important functional correlations. Illustrated histology images show the idealized view, while photomicrographs provide the actual view to help students hone their skills in identifying structures. New and improved layout helps students connect the morphology of a structure with its function. Updated and expanded Functional Correlations boxes integrated throughout chapters reflect new scientific information and interpretations. NEW photomicrographs and electron micrographs provide views of microanatomy as experienced in practice. Bulleted Chapter Summaries distill the most essential knowledge for rapid review. NEW Additional Histologic Images sections round out each chapter with supplemental photomicrographs and electron micrographs. NEW Chapter Review Questions allow students to assess their comprehension of each chapter with 375 questions and answers in the book and 250 more online in an Interactive Question Bank.

Selected as a Doody's Core Title for 2022! Filled with more than 1,000 images, the latest edition of this award-winning comprehensive classic-written by anatomic pathologists for anatomic pathologists-has been updated with new information on surgical principles and techniques. Like previous editions, the book is designed to bridge the gap between normal histology and pathologic alterations. Now featuring the latest developments and advances made since the previous edition five years ago. Unique among pathology textbooks in using human-as opposed to animal-tissues for discussions on histology. Essential reading for all anatomic pathologists, and particularly helpful for pathology residents throughout their training. Chapters and sections organized by biological system as well as body region. Enhance Your eBook Reading Experience: Read directly on your preferred device(s), such as computer, tablet, or smartphone. Easily convert to audiobook, powering your content with natural language text-to-speech.

Successful transplantation depends on the minimization of immunological differences between the donor and recipient tissues. These differences are based on polymorphisms of the human major histocompatibility complex and play a key role in determining the acceptance or rejection of allografts during transplantation. This important work describes methods for the investigation of these polymorphisms at the gene and protein levels and their application to the clinical transplantation of human organs and bone marrow. There is currently no other text available covering these up-to-date serological and molecular techniques in this area of immunogenetics, despite their importance to fundamental research, clinical practice and forensic medicine.

Cell and Tissue Culture for Medical Research is a collection of fundamental and specific applied procedures in cell and tissue culture for clinical research including those that form the basis for the new medical techniques of tissue engineering and gene therapy. This book combines detailed laboratory procedures and informative overviews to aid both laboratory work and the implementation of new lines of investigation, providing:

• Step-by-step protocols with troubleshooting tips;

• Alternative procedures, background reading and references to supplement the main procedures;

• Experimental examples to indicate expected results;

• Quick reference symbols, such as safety icons with warning notes; and,

• Suppliers’ details to allow easy access to laboratory products.

Each volume in this richly illustrated series, sponsored by the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology, provides an organ-based approach to the cytologic and histologic diagnosis of small tissue samples including fine-needle aspiration biopsy, cell block samples and core, pinch and forceps biopsies. This volume provides a practical approach to preparing and assessing pancreatic aspiration, core biopsy and brushing samples. Benign, pre-malignant and malignant entities are presented in a well-organized and standardized format supported with high-resolution color photomicrographs, tables, tabulated specific morphologic criteria and appropriate ancillary testing algorithms. Example vignettes allow the reader to assimilate the diagnostic principles in a case-based format. This unique series strengthens the bridge between surgical pathology and cytopathology, providing the pathologist with the ability to diagnose small tissue samples with confidence. The CD-ROM packaged with the printed book contains all the images in a downloadable format, making this a valuable resource for practicing and trainee pathologists.

Each volume in this richly illustrated series - Cytohistology of Small Tissue Samples, sponsored by the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology - provides an organ-based approach to the cytological and histological diagnosis of small tissue samples including fine-needle aspiration biopsy, cell block samples and core, pinch and forceps biopsies. Benign, pre- malignant and malignant entities are presented in a well- organized and standardized format supported with high- resolution color photomicrographs, tables, tabulated specific morphologic criteria and appropriate ancillary testing algorithms. Example vignettes allow the reader to assimilate the diagnostic principles in a case-based format. This unique series strengthens the bridge between surgical pathology and cytopathology, providing the pathologist with the ability to diagnose small tissue samples with confidence. Bridges cytologic and surgical diagnoses in lesions of the head and neck Richly illustrated with over 250 high-quality color images and a DVD-ROM containing all images in a downloadable format Includes numerous clinical vignettes, offering a valuable case-based approach to diagnosis

With strong correlations between gross anatomy and the microanatomy of structures, Netter's Essential Histology, 3rd Edition, is the perfect text for today's evolving medical education. Concise and easy to use, it integrates gross anatomy and embryology with classic histology slides and state-of-the-art scanning electron microscopy, offering a clear, visual understanding of this complex subject. Additional histopathology images, more clinical boxes, and new histopathology content ensure that this textbook-atlas clearly presents the most indispensable histologic concepts and their clinical relevance. Helps you recognize both normal and diseased structures at the microscopic level with the aid of succinct explanatory text as well as numerous clinical boxes. Features more histopathology content and additional clinical boxes to increase your knowledge of pathophysiology and clinical relevance. Includes high-quality light and electron micrographs, including enhanced and colorized electron micrographs that show ultra-structures in 3D, side by side with classic Netter illustrations that link your knowledge of anatomy and cell biology to what is seen in the micrographs. Provides online access to author-narrated video overviews of each chapter, plus Zoomify images and Virtual Slides that include histopathology and can be viewed at different magnifications. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

Textbook of Histology, 5th Edition, brings you up to date with all that's new in the field, while providing a solid foundation in the basic science and clinical application of cellular and molecular biology. Concise and highly illustrated, it functions as both a text and a histology laboratory guide and remains the only histology textbook that includes laboratory exercises for nearly every chapter. Numerous new clinical observations illustrate the importance of histology to clinical practice. More than 170 photomicrographs as well as new drawings, and histology laboratory instructions in most chapters have been added to this edition. Greatly revised content includes new findings in cellular and molecular biology such as the newly discovered endoplasmic reticulum-shaping proteins, the abundance of stem cells in adipose tissue, the phases of Alzheimer's disease and the role of the newly discovered glymphatic system in slowing the progression of the disease, and developments in the microbiome. More quick-reference tables have been added to summarize information discussed in the text. PowerPointT presentations, bolded key terms, bulleted lists, and chapter summaries highlight "need to know" information and facilitate comprehension A combination of USMLE-style questions and image-based questions are found in each chapter of the digital edition Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

This revision of the book originally published in 1980 is the result of a collaboration among scientists from 10 countries. The authors include not only pathologists but also a urologist and a basic scientist. The second edition - containing 146 colour photographs - is considerably more extensive than its predecessor. A number of new entities, unrecognized in 1980, are included: prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, which is commonly associated with carcinoma and may also be seen in a biopsy for elevated PSA; basal cell carcinoma; small cell carcinoma; paracrine-endocrine elements; variants of carcinoma; and stromal sarcoma. The criteria for the diagnosis of carcinoma have been expanded, including the minimal criteria. The Gleason grading system, based on growth pattern, is presented in detail. The WHO grading system, based on nuclear anaplasia and glandular differentiation, is more clearly defined.

Learn to identify histological structures and their correlated functions! Histology: An Essential Textbook is a concise, multimedia study guide for medical students who need to learn the functions and related correlations of cells, tissues, and organs of the human body. Professor D.J. Lowrie, Jr. has written a unique and practical medical histology resource based on self-directed modules originally created to replace live histology laboratory sessions. This resource will help medical students learn how to identify histological structures on slide preparations and electron micrographs. Short videos by the author, who demonstrates structures via digitized histology slides, provide additional guidance. Shorter, targeted concepts and brief explanations accompanied by numerous illustrations, self-assessment quizzes, and videos demonstrating key features of histological structures set this resource apart from existing, text-dense books. Key Features Nearly 850 images, consisting primarily of electron and light micrographs, aid in identification of histological structures and long-term retention Correlation of histological structure with other basic science disciplines, such as gross anatomy, embryology, and pathology allows students to integrate material effectively Over 1000 online multiple choice questions and answers mirror exam topics students frequently encounter in curriculum and the USMLE Nearly 375 videos provide a personal tutor that teaches students histological structures, while providing tips for proper identification This is a must-have self-study guide for medical students, as well as a stellar teaching tool for instructors. This book includes complimentary access to a digital copy on https://medone.thieme.com.

Histological techniques form the basis of many areas of research, yet they can often be poorly understood. Aimed at postgraduate students and those at an early stage of their career, this title provides a detailed and comprehensive introduction to histological techniques. With detailed images and slides, this book provides a unique overview of the area while providing the reader with a guide to how to use and incorporate histological techniques within their own research. Written by experts working within the field, this book is an essential handbook for anyone wanting to learn more about histological methods and how to apply them successfully.

Bridging the gap between textbook diagrams and the complex reality of histological preparations, this magnificent atlas of human microanatomy is designed to help students understand the complex structures encountered when viewing microscopic sections of tissues. Instead of simply depicting an individual section, each drawing is a compilation of the key structures and features seen in many preparations from similar tissues or organs. Invaluable to students in a range of life science and medical disciplines including human and veterinary medicine, dentistry, mammalian biology, pharmacy, and nursing.