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Books > History > History of specific subjects > History of specific institutions
This is the definitive history of Monsanto, a St. Louis chemical firm that became the world's largest genetically engineered seed enterprise. Monsanto merged with German pharma-biotech giant Bayer in 2018 but its Roundup Ready seeds, introduced twenty-five years ago, are still reshaping the farms that feed us. Incorporating global fieldwork, interviews with company employees, and untapped corporate and government records, award-winning historian Bartow J. Elmore traces Monsanto's astounding evolution from a scrappy chemical startup to a global agrobusiness powerhouse. Capitalising on deals with customers like Coca-Cola, General Electric and especially the US government, Monsanto used seed money derived from toxic products-including PCBs and Agent Orange-to build an agricultural empire, promising endless bounty through its genetically engineered technology. As new data emerges about its blockbuster Roundup system, and as Bayer faces a tide of lawsuits over Monsanto products past and present, Elmore's urgent history takes a penetrating look at the company's past.
What gave rise to our modern conceptions of professional status, and how did particular professions gain their privileged status? Magali Sarfatti Larson shows how our present conception and acceptance of profession was shaped in the liberal phase of capitalism. Larson argues that professionalization was both a response to the extension of market relations and a movement for the conquest of collective social status by sectors of the bourgeoisie. By comparing the development of various professions in England and the United States during the first part of the nineteenth century, the author gives concrete historical illustration to the multiple relations professions form within their society. Larson examines the new conditions of professionalization in the phase of corporate capitalism, drawing on a number of historical and sociological sources. While professions began as a mode of autonomous work organization, many credentialed occupations aspire to professionalize in order to shelter the labor markets in which they work. Larson argues that the idea of profession can function as a form of ideological control and concludes that today professionalism works against many of the values that had been historically vested in it. This classic book, complete with a new introduction that brings the work into the twenty-first century, is timely and should be read by all interested in the history and development of organizational life.
From the bestselling, prize-winning author of THE LAST TYCOONS
and HOUSE OF CARDS, a revelatory history of Goldman Sachs, the most
dominant, feared, and controversial investment bank in the
world "From the Hardcover edition."
Steuervermeidungsstrategien globaler Internet-Konzerne sind Gegenstand kontroverser politischer Debatten und stellen Deutschland und die Europaische Union vor beachtliche Herausforderungen. Globale Internet-Konzerne zahlen trotz ihrer hohen Umsatze vergleichsweise geringe Ertragsteuern, weil die geltenden steuer- und abkommensrechtlichen Vorgaben nicht auf grenzuberschreitende digitale Geschaftsmodelle zugeschnitten sind. Die vorliegende Publikation befasst sich mit den Besteuerungsdefiziten der Digitalen Wirtschaft. Die Autorin setzt sich kritisch mit ausgewahlten Reformvorschlagen auseinander, die durch die OECD, die Kommission und den deutschen Gesetzgeber in der jungeren Vergangenheit entwickelt und diskutiert wurden, darunter insbesondere mit dem Konzept der virtuellen Betriebsstatte.
The 2008 financial collapse, the expansion of corporate and private wealth, the influence of money in politics-many of Wall Street's contemporary trends can be traced back to the work of fourteen critical figures who wrote, and occasionally broke, the rules of American finance. Edward Morris plots in absorbing detail Wall Street's transformation from a clubby enclave of financiers to a symbol of vast economic power. His book begins with J. Pierpont Morgan, who ruled the American banking system at the turn of the twentieth century, and ends with Sandy Weill, whose collapsing Citigroup required the largest taxpayer bailout in history. In between, Wall Streeters relates the triumphs and missteps of twelve other financial visionaries. From Charles Merrill, who founded Merrill Lynch and introduced the small investor to the American stock market; to Michael Milken, the so-called junk bond king; to Jack Bogle, whose index funds redefined the mutual fund business; to Myron Scholes, who laid the groundwork for derivative securities; and to Benjamin Graham, who wrote the book on securities analysis. Anyone interested in the modern institution of American finance will devour this history of some of its most important players.
Many of us read books every day, either electronically or in print. We remember the books that shaped our ideas about the world as children, go back to favorite books year after year, give or lend books to loved ones and friends to share the stories we've loved especially, and discuss important books with fellow readers in book clubs and online communities. But for all the ways books influence us, teach us, challenge us, and connect us, many of us remain in the dark as to where they come from and how the mysterious world of publishing truly works. How are books created and how do they get to readers? The Book Business: What Everyone Needs to Know (R) introduces those outside the industry to the world of book publishing. Covering everything from the beginnings of modern book publishing early in the 20th century to the current concerns over the alleged death of print, digital reading, and the rise of Amazon, Mike Shatzkin and Robert Paris Riger provide a succinct and insightful survey of the industry in an easy-to-read question-and-answer format. The authors, veterans of "trade publishing," or the branch of the business that puts books in our hands through libraries or bookstores, answer questions from the basic to the cutting-edge, providing a guide for curious beginners and outsiders. How does book publishing actually work? What challenges is it facing today? How have social media changed the game of book marketing? What does the life cycle of a book look like in 2019? They focus on how practices are changing at a time of great flux in the industry, as digital creation and delivery are altering the commercial realities of the book business. This book will interest not only those with no experience in publishing looking to gain a foothold on the business, but also those working on the inside who crave a bird's eye view of publishing's evolving landscape. This is a moment of dizzyingly rapid change wrought by the emergence of digital publishing, data collection, e-books, audio books, and the rise of self-publishing; these forces make the inherently interesting business of publishing books all the more fascinating.
Lukas Vossen untersucht Zulassigkeit und Grenzen von Investorengesprachen des Aufsichtsratsvorsitzenden im Recht der boersennotierten Aktiengesellschaft. Ausgehend von einer Literaturanalyse und Wurdigung des rechtlichen status quo sind Alleinstellungsmerkmale seiner Arbeit der Zugriff auf empirisch arbeitende Nachbardisziplinen sowie eine eigene qualitativ empirische Interviewstudie mit zahlreichen Rechtsanwalten und Syndizi. Das Ergebnis ist ein rechtspraktischer Belastungstest des aktuellen rechtswissenschaftlichen Streit- und Forschungsstands. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt daruber hinaus auf dem Gedanken, zukunftig sogenannte Stewardship-Aktionare im Rahmen der Abwagung des 53a AktG beim Zugang zu Investorengesprachen zu privilegieren.
This open access book reconstructs and examines a crucial episode of Anglo-Iberian diplomatic rivalry: the clash between the Portuguese-sponsored Jesuit missionaries and the English East India Company (EIC) at the Mughal court between 1580 and 1615. This 35-year period includes the launch of the first Jesuit mission to Akbar's court in 1580 and the preparation of the royal embassy led by Sir Thomas Roe to negotiate the concession of trading privileges to the EIC, and encompasses not only the extension of the conflict between the Iberian crowns and England into Asia, but also the consolidation of the Mughal Empire. The book examines the proselytizing and diplomatic activities of the Jesuit missionaries, the evolution of English diplomatic strategies concerning the Mughal Empire, and how the Mughal authorities instigated and exploited Anglo-Iberian rivalry in the pursuit of specific commercial, geopolitical, and ideological agendas.
For almost a hundred years from the 1860s, the City of London's overseas banks financed the global trade that lay at the core of the British Empire. Foremost among them from the beginning were two start-up ventures: the Standard Bank of South Africa, which soon developed a powerful domestic franchise at the Cape, and the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China. This book traces their stories in the nineteenth century, their glory days before 1914 - and their remarkable survival in the face of global wars and the collapse of world trade in the first half of the twentieth century. The unravelling of the Empire after 1945 eventually forced Britain's overseas banks to confront a different future. The Standard and the Chartered, alarmed at the expansion of American banking, determined in 1969 on a merger as a way of sustaining the best of the City's overseas traditions. But from the start, Standard Chartered had to grapple with the fading fortunes of its own inherited franchise - badly dented in both Asia and Africa - and with radical changes in the nature of banking. Its British managers, steeped in the past, proved ill-suited to the challenge. By the late 1980s, efforts to expand in Europe and the USA had brought the merged Group to the brink of collapse. Yet it survived - and then pulled off a dramatic recovery. Standard Chartered realigned itself, just in time, with the phenomenal growth of Asia's 'emerging markets', many of them in countries where the Chartered had flourished a century earlier. In the process, the Group was transformed. Trebling its workforce, it brushed aside the global financial crisis of 2008 and by 2012 could look back on a decade of astonishing growth. Recent times have added an eventful postscript to a long and absorbing history. Crossing Continents recounts Standard Chartered's story with a wealth of detail from one of the richest archives available to any commercial bank. The book also affords a rare and compelling perspective on the evolution of international trade and finance, showing how Britain's commercial influence has actually worked in practice around the world over one hundred and fifty years.
Entrepreneurs develop based on their surroundings. It is easy to understand US entrepreneurs, with the wealth of information available about their development, but how does working in Mexico influence entrepreneurship, and emerging entrepreneurs? Exploring the history of Mexico's entrepreneurs, expert authors Araceli Almaraz Alvarado and Oscar Javier Montiel Mendez delve into the empirical and theoretical opportunities that emerge from this historical analysis. Current literature on Mexican entrepreneurship points out the importance of contextualising entrepreneurial lives, and asks us to look across agents, sectors and regions, to reach a better understanding of the trajectories of entrepreneurship in Mexico. Including chapters across different businesses in Mexico, the editors and contributors seek to expose the convergence between theory and practice. For students of business and international development, this is an unmissable text containing the most current research on Mexican entrepreneurship.
Proven principles for sustainable success, with new leadership insight PEAK is the popular, transformative guide to doing business better, written by a seasoned entrepreneur/CEO who has disrupted his favorite industry not once, but twice. Author Chip Conley, founder and former CEO of one of the world's largest boutique hotel companies, turned to psychologist Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs at a time when his company was in dire need. And years later, when the young founders of Airbnb asked him to help turn their start-up home sharing company into a world-class hospitality giant, Conley once again used the principles he'd developed in PEAK. In the decade since this book's first edition, Conley's PEAK strategy has been developed on six continents in organizations in virtually every industry. The author's foundational premise is that great leaders become amateur psychologists by understanding the unique needs of three key relationships--with employees, customers, and investors--and this message has resonated with every kind of leader and company including some of the world's best-known, from Apple to Facebook. Avid users of PEAK have found that the principles create greater loyalty and differentiation with their key stakeholders. This new second edition includes in-depth examples of real-world PEAK companies, including the author's own at Airbnb, and exclusive PEAK leadership practices that will take you--and your company's performance--to new heights. Whether you're at a startup or a Fortune 500 company, at a for-profit, nonprofit, or governmental organization, this book can help you and your people reach potential you never realized you had. Understand how Maslow's hierarchy makes for winning business practices Learn how PEAK drove some of today's top businesses to success Help employees reach their full potential--and beyond Transform the customer experience and keep investors happy The PEAK framework succeeds because it elevates the business from the inside out. These same principles apply in the boardroom, the breakroom, and your living room at home, and have proven to be the foundation of healthy, fulfilled lives. Even if you think you're doing great, you could always be doing better--and PEAK gives you a roadmap to the next level.
The new questionTen years after the worldwide bestseller Good to Great, Jim Collins returns with another groundbreaking work, this time to ask: Why do some companies thrive in uncertainty, even chaos, and others do not? Based on nine years of research, buttressed by rigorous analysis and infused with engaging stories, Collins and his colleague, Morten Hansen, enumerate the principles for building a truly great enterprise in unpredictable, tumultuous, and fast-moving times. The new studyGreat by Choice distinguishes itself from Collins's prior work by its focus not just on performance, but also on the type of unstable environments faced by leaders today. With a team of more than twenty researchers, Collins and Hansen studied companies that rose to greatness--beating their industry indexes by a minimum of ten times over fifteen years--in environments characterized by big forces and rapid shifts that leaders could not predict or control. The research team then contrasted these "10X companies" to a carefully selected set of comparison companies that failed to achieve greatness in similarly extreme environments. The new findingsThe study results were full of provocative surprises. Such as: The best leaders were not more risk taking, more visionary, and more creative than the comparisons; they were more disciplined, more empirical, and more paranoid.Innovation by itself turns out not to be the trump card in a chaotic and uncertain world; more important is the ability to scale innovation, to blend creativity with discipline.Following the belief that leading in a "fast world" always requires "fast decisions" and "fast action" is a good way to get killed.The great companies changed less in reaction to a radically changing world than the comparison companies. The authors challenge conventional wisdom with thought-provoking, sticky, and supremely practical concepts. They include: 10Xers; the 20 Mile March; Fire Bullets, Then Cannonballs; Leading above the Death Line; Zoom Out, Then Zoom In; and the SMaC Recipe. Finally, in the last chapter, Collins and Hansen present their most provocative and original analysis: defining, quantifying, and studying the role of luck. The great companies and the leaders who built them were not luckier than the comparisons, but they did get a higher Return on Luck. This book is classic Collins: contrarian, data-driven, and uplifting. He and Hansen show convincingly that, even in a chaotic and uncertain world, greatness happens by choice, not chance.
Im Jahr 2016 hat der BGH der versicherungsnehmenden Gesellschaft einer D&O-Versicherung infolge einer Abtretung des Freistellungsanspruchs durch versicherte Organmitglieder einen Direktanspruch gegen den Versicherer auf Grundlage von 108 Abs. 2 VVG zugesprochen. Ausgehend davon untersucht die Autorin Direktanspruche der Aktiengesellschaft in den Konstellationen der Insolvenz, Zwangsvollstreckung und Abtretung. Sie kommt unter Betrachtung der Rechtsnatur der D&O-Versicherung als Haftpflichtversicherung fur fremde Rechnung und Anerkennung der Gesellschaft als Dritter im Sinne der 100 ff. VVG zu dem Schluss, dass ihr in Innenhaftungsfallen in den drei Konstellationen ein deckungsrechtlicher Zahlungsanspruch gegen den Versicherer zustehen kann, nicht hingegen ein vertraglicher Anspruch.
Imagine if you could be a fly on the wall as a family enterprise becomes one of the most successful companies in the world. The Target Story will help you understand and adopt the competitive strategies, workplace culture, and daily business practices that enabled the big box store to become the retail giant it is today. In an industry that has seen constant disruption over the last two decades, Target has experienced tremendous growth. Establishing a strong eCommerce business and cultivating a sought-after in-store experience has kept this iconic brand at the top of the retail game. From same-day fulfillment to brand partnerships, Target has successfully fought the domination of online marketplaces by thinking outside the big box. The growth, prosperity, and expansion strategies that can be gleaned from the history of the Target Corporation amounts to a masterclass in business. Yet, the Target story has never been adequately presented. Until now. Through the story of Target, you'll learn: How to remain nimble in times of tremendous change. How to reinvent a six-decade-old iconic brand. How to know when to build it yourself or bring in the experts. When to change the entire way you do business. And much, much more.
IFRS do not specify how to account for business combinations under common control (BCUCC). This study examines the practice, determinants, and earnings quality of different accounting methods used for BCUCC. A descriptive analysis presents the accounting and disclosure practice. Based on the identified accounting methods (acquisition method and book value method), an empirical analysis sheds light on determinants that drive the accounting method choice. Moreover, the consequences of the accounting method choices are investigated with respect to the extent to which companies can manage or even manipulate earnings. Findings of this study have important implications for the IASB's research project on BCUCC, users and preparers of financial statements, auditors, and enforcement institutions.
Bei einer moeglichen Umstellung der Fertigungstechnologie auf "Additive Manufacturing", im Allgemeinen oft als 3D-Druck bezeichnet, mussen auch logistische Strukturen hinterfragt werden. Bisherige Untersuchungen dazu beschranken sich meist auf eine qualitative Analyse. Auf Basis eines Standortplanungsproblems aus dem "Operations Research" entwickelt und untersucht der Autor einen neuartigen Ansatz zur Quantifizierung der Auswirkungen von AM auf zweistufige Supply-Chain-Strukturen. Hierfur werden detailliert logistische Implikationen von AM diskutiert und in ein modifiziertes "Two-Stage Capacitated Facility Location Problem" uberfuhrt. Anhand von 1.225 Instanzen werden optimale Netzwerkstrukturen fur etablierte und additive Fertigungsverfahren bestimmt und mittels sechs logistischer Kennzahlen verglichen.
Founded in 1987 by a former engineer in China's People's Liberation Army (Ren Zhengfei), Huawei Technologies is the world's largest telecoms equipment manufacturer and second only to Apple in smartphones. Its emergence into a multinational with over 175,000 employees all around the world is nothing short of extraordinary. This book provides a unique look into Huawei's consumer electronics business (ranging from mobile phones to laptops, tablets, cameras and other smart devices) - in particular, the individuals ('adventurers') whose excellence and invention enabled Huawei to expand globally in such impressive terms. Their personal stories tell us about the extraordinary vision, dedication and perserverance required for companies to succeed in the highly competitive and uncertain world of consumer electronics. In all of this, the company's mission is to make Huawei the first choice and most trusted smart device brand in the world.
Radio 4's Book of the Week A Financial Times Book of the Year Shortlisted for the 2020 Financial Times / McKinsey Business Book of the Year Longlisted for the National Book Award 'The story of the original data science hucksters of the 1960s is hilarious, scathing and sobering - what you might get if you crossed Mad Men with Theranos' David Runciman The Simulmatics Corporation, founded in 1959, mined data, targeted voters, accelerated news, manipulated consumers, destabilized politics, and disordered knowledge--decades before Facebook, Google, Amazon, and Cambridge Analytica. Silicon Valley likes to imagine it has no past but the scientists of Simulmatics are the long-dead grandfathers of Mark Zuckerberg and Elon Musk. Borrowing from psychological warfare, they used computers to predict and direct human behavior, deploying their "People Machine" from New York, Cambridge, and Saigon for clients that included John Kennedy's presidential campaign, the New York Times, Young & Rubicam, and, during the Vietnam War, the Department of Defence. In If Then, distinguished Harvard historian and New Yorker staff writer, Jill Lepore, unearths from the archives the almost unbelievable story of this long-vanished corporation, and of the women hidden behind it. In the 1950s and 1960s, Lepore argues, Simulmatics invented the future by building the machine in which the world now finds itself trapped and tormented, algorithm by algorithm. 'A person can't help but feel inspired by the riveting intelligence and joyful curiosity of Jill Lepore. Knowing that there is a mind like hers in the world is a hope-inducing thing' George Saunders, Man Booker Prize-winning author of Lincoln in the Bardo 'An authoritative account of the origins of data science, a compelling political narrative of America in the Sixties, a poignant collective biography of a generation of flawed men' David Kynaston 'If Then is simultaneously gripping and absolutely terrifying' Amanda Foreman
Der Band untersucht die Auswirkungen des Bilanzrechtsmodernisierungsgesetzes (BilMoG) auf den gesellschaftsrechtlichen Kapital- und Glaubigerschutz. Das BilMoG verfolgt das Ziel, den Informationswert von Jahresabschlussen unter Beibehaltung des Glaubigerschutzniveaus zu steigern. Der Gesetzgeber fuhrte eine ausserbilanzielle Ausschuttungssperre ein, die unsichere Vermoegensgegenstande bei der Ermittlung des ausschuttungsfahigen Vermoegens eliminiert. Trotz dieser minimal-invasiv wirkenden Massnahme wurde ein Paradigmenwechsel eingelautet: Der ausschuttungsfahige Gewinn ist fortan nicht mehr aus der Bilanz ersichtlich, sondern nur noch in Zusammenschau mit Angaben im Anhang ermittelbar. Das Vorsichtsprinzip hat zulasten der Informationsfunktion eine Schwachung erfahren.
As counsel for Pennzoil's successful effort to recover billions of dollars in damages from Texaco over the acquisition of Getty Oil Company, the Baker & Botts law firm of Houston, Texas, achieved wide public recognition in the 1980s. But among its peers in the legal and corporate worlds, Baker & Botts has for more than a century held a preeminent position, handling the legal affairs of such blue-chip clients as the Southern Pacific Railroad, Houston Lighting & Power Company, Rice University, Texas Commerce Bank, and Tenneco. In this study, Kenneth J. Lipartito and Joseph A. Pratt chronicle the history of Baker & Botts, placing particular emphasis on the firm's role in Houston's economic development. Founded in 1840, Baker & Botts literally grew up with Houston. The authors chart its evolution from a nineteenth-century regional firm that represented eastern-based corporations moving into Texas to a twentieth-century national firm with clients throughout the world. They honestly discuss the criticisms that Baker & Botts has faced as an advocate of big business. But they also identify the important impact that corporate law firms of this type have on business reorganization and government regulation. As the authors demonstrate in this case study, law firms throughout the twentieth century have helped to shape public policy in these critical areas. Always prominent in the community, and with prominent connections (former Secretary of State James A. Baker III is the great-grandson of the original Baker), the Baker & Botts law firm belongs in any history of the development of Houston and the Southwest.
Land Rover Freelander - The Complete Story recounts the history of the Land Rover Freelander, and its popular successor, the Freelander 2. This new book covers the original Freelander, from its design and development to its launch and reception in 1997. In 2006 , the innovative Freelander 2 was launched, with its pioneering technology in fuel efficiency. Also covered are the Freelander variants from across the world, and its use in UK law enforcement. This is an indispensable guide to the history of both generations of Freelander.
In the 1960s, multinational corporations faced new image problems-and turned to the art world for some unexpected solutions. The 1960s saw artists and multinational corporations exploring new ways to use art for commercial gain. Whereas many art historical accounts of this period privilege radical artistic practices that seem to oppose the dominant values of capitalism, Alex J. Taylor instead reveals an art world deeply immersed in the imperatives of big business. From Andy Warhol's work for packaged goods manufacturers to Richard Serra's involvement with the steel industry, Taylor demonstrates how major artists of the period provided brands with "forms of persuasion" that bolstered corporate power, prestige, and profit. Drawing on extensive original research conducted in artist, gallery, and corporate archives, Taylor recovers a flourishing field of promotional initiatives that saw artists, advertising creatives, and executives working around the same tables. As museums continue to grapple with the ethical dilemmas posed by funding from oil companies, military suppliers, and drug manufacturers, Forms of Persuasion returns to these earlier relations between artists and multinational corporations to examine the complex aesthetic and ideological terms of their enduring entanglements. |
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