As the AIDS crisis spread and gained momentum, Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish clergy in the United States and the United Kingdom became involved in sometimes surprising ways. Using quantitative and qualitative data from the early 1990s and from follow-up interviews conducted later in the decade, the authors show that many clergy became involved in the pastoral care for and counseling of people stigmatized by AIDS, including gay and bisexual men, despite expressions of antipathy from their denominations. Sociological theories concerning clergy roles, social movements, social space, and social capital provide a framework for analyzing the initial findings and the data from subsequent interviews. The study concludes that this small but dedicated group of clergy who ministered to the needs of this suffering population were part of a social movement that addressed a community problem despite both obstacles and opposition.

Using data obtained from structured interviews and responses to questionnaires concerning clergy responses to real and hypothetical situations involving people who are HIV-positive or who have AIDS, the authors illustrate how clergy and organized religious groups confronted a new and acute fatal illness that was initially associated with stigmatized behavior. They demonstrate that many clergy saw their roles as advocates for these individuals and as providers of pastoral and spiritual care, in spite of the rhetoric of conservative and fundamentalist clergy who condemned the victims as an example of the wrath of God against gay and bisexual men. The study also shows that even those who were less actively engaged in AIDS pastoral care and counseling demonstrated tolerance for those affected by it. Follow-up interviews indicate, finally, that as AIDS became more of a chronic illness, the social movement to provide religious and spiritual care and counseling began to wane.

This book provides human resource managers with the information necessary to cope with the ethical, legal, and financial issues surrounding AIDS--a disease that will eventually affect almost every workplace in the world. Masi offers a comprehensive Program Integration Model approach to managing the disease and shows how to develop effective policies, implement educational programs, and adapt existing Employee Assistance Programs to provide the most cost-effective and comprehensive service to employees dealing with AIDS. Unlike other books on the subject, AIDS Issues in the Workplace addresses the particular concerns of all populations affected by the disease including health-care workers, police and fire workers, persons in the arts, restaurant and hotel employees, and employees overseas. Women and minorities, substance-abusers, and the families of those afflicted with AIDS are addressed specifically. The author provides current legal information to help the employer avoid costly litigation and reviews actual policies employed by major corporations in both the public and private sectors. The result is the most comprehensive presentation of the issues related to AIDS in the workplace yet available in book form.

Masi begins by examining the latest medical information on AIDS and its transmission as well as the legal issues involved. She then turns to a discussion of company policy development, demonstrating both why a clearly stated policy is important and what it should cover. Subsequent chapters point to the critical importance of continuous education in the workplace, discuss why EAPs have so far failed to be substantially involved in AIDS, and suggest roles that EAPs could serve. Three chapters address the needs and concerns of special populations and how employers can best serve these needs without appearing discriminatory. A separate chapter includes interviews with individuals who have experienced a range of AIDS-related issues in the workplace. The volume concludes with a list of resources and an appendix containing original documents from such sources as the Centers for Disease Control's Universal Precautions, their Recommendations for Health Care Settings, and handicapped legislation. Anyone confronted with the challenge of developing appropriate human resource strategies to deal with AIDS will find this book an indispensable resource.

This volume contains selected contributions from individuals who attended the Sec ond International Conference of the International Council for Global Health Progress (ICGHP) held at UNESCO in Paris, France, on January 15-17, 1996. This conference brought together experts in many disciplines that deal with the devastating diseases of cancer and AIDS with a focus on the concerns for quality of life. The ICGHP fosters mul ticultural and, multidisciplinary approaches to global health problems to help influence governments and other international health organizations to emphasize prevention and care of diseases and to understand their scientific, social, and cultural features. The Coun cil encourages the interchange of information on health problems and policy and supports educational funding for the public at large. Its objective is to effect diseases-free lives in the world community. Participants of the conference included scientists, sociologists, government leaders, physicians, health care providers, epidemiologists, religious leaders, company officials, ethicists, and philosophers. They examined and discussed the many variables involved in quality of life for people affected with cancer and with AIDS. The volume's text begins with introductory comments by officials attending the JCGHP conference. Subsequently, a chapter is dedicated to one aspect of quality of life, be it definition, scientific research, evolution, cultural changes, ethics, measurements, or other issues dealing with health care and treatment survival. The second part of the volume includes commentaries dealing with fi ve aspects of quality of life which merit consideration."

As sub-Saharan Africa continues to confront the runaway epidemic of HIV/AIDS, traditional healers have been tapped as collaborators in prevention and education efforts. The terms of this collaboration, however, are far from settled and continually contested. As "Modernizing Medicine in Zimbabwe" demonstrates, serious questions continue to linger in the medical community since the explosion of the disease nearly thirty years ago. Are healers obstacles to health development? Do their explanations for the disease disregard biomedical science? Can the worlds of traditional healing and modern medicine coexist and cooperate?

Combining anthropological, historical, and public health perspectives, "Modernizing Medicine in Zimbabwe" explores the intersection of African healing traditions and Western health development, emphasizing the role of this historical relationship in current debates about HIV/AIDS. Drawing on diverse sources including colonial records, missionary correspondence, international health policy reports, and interviews with traditional healers, anthropologist David S. Simmons demonstrates the remarkable adaptive qualities of these disparate communities as they try to meet the urgent needs of the people.

Set in the 1980s against a backdrop of the AIDS crisis, deindustrialization and the Reagan era, this book tells the story of one individual's defiant struggle against his community--the city of Kokomo, Indiana. At the same time as teenage AIDS patient Ryan White bravely fought against the intolerance of his hometown to attend public school, one of Kokomo's largest employers, Continental Steel, filed for bankruptcy, significantly raising the stakes of the fight for the city's livelihood and national image. This book tells the story of a fearful time in our recent history, as people in the heartland endured massive layoffs, coped with a lethal new disease and discovered a legacy of toxic waste. Now, some 30 years after Ryan White's death, this book offers a fuller accounting of the challenges that one city reckoned with during this tumultuous period.

This innovative collection offers a wide-ranging palette of psychological, public health, and sociopolitical approaches toward addressing the multi-level prevention needs of gay men living with HIV and AIDS. This book advances our understanding of comprehensive health care, risk and preventive behaviors, sources of mental distress and resilience, treatment adherence, and the experiences of gay men's communities such as communities of color, youth, faith communities, and the house ball community. Interventions span biomedical, behavioral, structural, and technological approaches toward critical goals, including bolstering the immune system, promoting safer sexual practices, reducing HIV-related stigma and discrimination, and eliminating barriers to care. The emphasis throughout these diverse chapters is on evidence-based, client-centered practice, coordination of care, and inclusive, culturally responsive services. Included in the coverage: Comprehensive primary health care for HIV positive gay men From pathology to resiliency: understanding the mental health of HIV positive gay men Emerging and innovative prevention strategies for HIV positive gay men Understanding the developmental and psychosocial needs of HIV positive gay adolescent males Social networks of HIV positive gay men: their role and importance in HIV prevention HIV positive gay men, health care, legal rights, and policy issues Understanding Prevention for HIV Positive Gay Men will interest academics, researchers, prevention experts, practitioners, and policymakers in public health. It will also be important to research organizations, nonprofit organizations, and clinical agencies, as well as graduate programs related to public health, consultation, and advocacy.

The incredible story of Joep Lange's life and his unrelenting quest to end the HIV epidemic. When Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 was shot down by pro-Russian rebels in July 2014, the world wondered if a cure for HIV had fallen from the sky and disappeared among the burning debris. Seated in the plane's business-class cabin was Joseph Lange, better known as Joep, a shrewd Dutch doctor who had revolutionized the world of HIV and AIDS and was working on a cure. Dr. Lange graduated from medical school in 1981, right as a new plague swept across the globe. His story became intertwined with the story of HIV. At once a physician, scientist, AIDS activist, and medical diplomat, Lange studied ways to battle HIV and prevent its spread from mother to child. Fighting the injustices of poverty, Lange advocated for better access to health care for the poor and the vulnerable. He championed the drug cocktail that finally helped rein in the disease and was a vocal proponent of prophylactic treatment for those most at risk of contracting HIV. The Impatient Dr. Lange is the story of one man's struggle against a global pandemic-and the tragic attack that may have slowed down the search for a cure. Seema Yasmin charts the course of the HIV epidemic and Dr. Lange's career as a young doctor who blazed his own path and dedicated his life to HIV. Yasmin draws on written records, medical journals, recorded discussions, expert testimony, and extensive interviews with Lange's family, friends, and colleagues around the globe-including the people he spoke to in the days before he died. She faithfully reconstructs key scenes from Lange's life and the history of the AIDS epidemic, revealing how Lange became a global leader in the fight against AIDS. The first book about Lange and his contributions to the fight against HIV, The Impatient Dr. Lange is a powerful tribute to one of the greatest scientists, activists, humanitarians, and social entrepreneurs in the world of HIV/AIDS.

This book examines the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States using the concept of syndemics to contextualize the risk of both well-known, and a few lesser-known, subpopulations that experience disproportionately high rates of HIV and/or AIDS within the United States. Since discovery, HIV/AIDS has exposed a number of social, psychological, and biological aspects of disease transmission. The concept of "syndemics," or "synergistically interacting epidemics" has emerged as a powerful framework for understanding both the epidemiological patterns and the myriad of problems associated with HIV/AIDS around the world and within the United States. The book considers the disparities in HIV/AIDS in relation to social aspects, risk behavior and critical illness comorbidities. It updates and enhances our understanding of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States and contributes to the expanding literature on the role of syndemics in shaping the public's health.

With the advent of new technologies in big data science, the study of medical problems has made significant progress. Connecting medical studies and computational methods is crucial for the advancement of the medical industry. Big Data Analytics in HIV/AIDS Research provides emerging research on the development and implementation of computational techniques in big data analysis for biological and medical practices. While highlighting topics such as deep learning, management software, and molecular modeling, this publication explores the various applications of data analysis in clinical decision making. This book is a vital resource for medical practitioners, nurses, scientists, researchers, and students seeking current research on the connections between data analytics in the field of medicine.

This book examines the impact of pediatric HIV on children, adolescents, and their families. Beginning with an overview of pediatric HIV epidemiology, it traces the medical, psychological, and social dimensions of HIV through the trajectory of childhood and youth. It examines the latest research on a wide range of topics, including treatment adherence, cultural, legal, and ethical issues, and HIV stigma and its reduction. Chapters offer expert recommendations for clinicians working with children with HIV as well as researchers studying pediatric HIV. In addition, the book also discusses daily concerns associated with pediatric HIV, such as disease management, coping, access to services, risk prevention, and health promotion. Topics featured in this book include: The impact of pediatric HIV on families. Psychosocial considerations for children and adolescents with HIV. HIV prevention and intervention in the school setting. HIV disclosure in pediatric populations. How to design effective evidence-based HIV risk-reduction programs for adolescents. A Clinical Guide to Pediatric HIV is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians, and graduate students in child and school psychology, social work, and public health as well as pediatric medicine, nursing, epidemiology, anthropology, and other related disciplines.

In 1986, 26-year old Ruth visits a friend at the hospital when she notices that the door to one of the hospital rooms is painted red. She witnesses nurses drawing straws to see who would tend to the patient inside, all of them reluctant to enter the room. Out of impulse, Ruth herself enters the quarantined space and immediately begins to care for the young man who cries for his mother in the last moments of his life. Before she can even process what she's done, word spreads in the community that Ruth is the only person willing to help these young men afflicted by AIDS, and is called upon to nurse them. As she forges deep friendships with the men she helps, she works tirelessly to find them housing and jobs, even searching for funeral homes willing to take their bodies - often in the middle of the night. She cooks meals for tens of people out of discarded food found in the dumpsters behind supermarkets, stores rare medications for her most urgent patients, teaches sex-ed to drag queens after hours at secret bars, and becomes a beacon of hope to an otherwise spurned group of ailing gay men on the fringes of a deeply conservative state. Throughout the years, Ruth defies local pastors and nurses to help the men she cares for: Paul and Billy, Angel, Chip, Todd and Luke. Emboldened by the weight of their collective pain, she fervently advocates for their safety and visibility, ultimately advising Governor Bill Clinton on the national HIV-AIDS crisis. This deeply moving and elegiac memoir honors the extraordinary life of Ruth Coker Burks and the beloved men who fought valiantly for their lives with AIDS during a most hostile and misinformed time in America.

One of the great, iconic struggles for social justice in the 21st century has been the campaign of the TAC against state-supported AIDS denialism in South Africa. This struggle between activists, scientists and health workers, on the one hand, and a strange alliance of dissidents, quacks and political leaders, on the other, is here recounted in absorbing and dramatic detail for the first time by an insider. In his book, Nathan Geffen, one of the TAC leaders, describes how early on in its life the organisation discovered that the greatest obstacle to AIDS treatment was in fact the South African government's denialism. Not only did this extend to a reluctance to provide antiretroviral treatment to AIDS patients but also to the support of a host of quacks and denialists who operated freely in the country to sow suspicion and confusion about the efficacy of standard medical treatment of AIDS. The most notorious of these were the German vitamin seller, Dr Matthias Rath, who along the way sued The Guardian of London and lost his case, and the Dutch nurse Tine van der Maas. It was the TAC that, as a result of a court case it brought against Rath, managed to stop his operations in South Africa; and it was the TAC, once again through legal means, that put pressure on the South African government to roll out an antiretroviral programme throughout the country. Geffen describes not only the TAC's response to the puzzling intransigence of government and the spellbinding nonsense of dissidents, but the thought, strategy and discussion that lay behind the organisation's major decisions. The story of the TAC's campaign is one of the great triumphs of citizen activism for social justice and human rights.

A collection of original papers on the nature of AIDS social research, this volume brings together anthropologists, sociologists, psychologists, and public health researchers to consider the methodological, empirical, and conceptual aspects of the problem. Unlike other studies, which focus on the medical and epidemiological aspects of AIDS, this study specifically focuses on the social aspects of the disease, the response of the community and medical profession, and the effects of the epidemic upon the gay subculture. Consideration is given to methodological shortcomings in the research on the social aspects of AIDS as well as reports of original research.

Since the AIDS epidemic was recognized, information on safer sex has been assumed to be the most crucial means of preventing further spread of the disease. But how well has AIDS education worked? What kinds of education work best and for whom? This study is the first to provide an in-depth analysis of the results of AIDS education programs and to explore the psychosocial factors that affect behavioral responses to education.

B. R. Simon Rosser provides a detailed profile of a specific population at risk, including factors such as sexual behavior, psychology, religious affiliation, legal status, and discrimination. Using comparative measures of behavior, personality, social status, attitudes, and risk-taking, he identifies important differences between homosexual men who engage in safer sex and those who do not. Finally, he evaluates the impact of different approaches to AIDS education. Examining both positive and negative effects, Rosser shows that the spread of the HIV virus was actually accelerated by a national education campaign utilizing fear, and contrasts this result with four international gay-sensitive education campaigns that produced positive changes in behavior and lifestyle. He discusses ways in which AIDS education must develop in order to become more effective, together with crucial changes that are needed in both the gay population and the larger community if HIV transmission is to be halted. This study is a valuable resource for education and research in AIDS prevention, sexual behavior, psychovenereology, education, health, and related disciplines.

This ambitious book provides a comprehensive history of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Programme on AIDS (GPA), using it as a unique lens to trace the global response to the AIDS pandemic. The authors describe how WHO came initially to assume leadership of the global response, relate the strategies and approaches WHO employed over the years, and expound on the factors that led to the Programme's demise and subsequent formation of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS(UNAIDS). The authors examine the global impact of this momentous transition, portray the current status of the global response to AIDS, and explore the precarious situation that WHO finds itself in today as a lead United Nations agency in global health. Several aspects of the global response - the strategies adopted, the roads taken and not taken, and the lessons learned - can provide helpful guidance to the global health community as it continues tackling the AIDS pandemic and confronts future global pandemics. Included in the coverage: The response before the global response Building and coordinating a multi-sectoral response Containing the global spread of HIV Addressing stigma, discrimination, and human rights Rethinking global AIDS governance UNAIDS and its place in the global response The AIDS Pandemic: Searching for a Global Response recounts the global response to the AIDS pandemic from its inception to today. Policymakers, students, faculty, journalists, researchers, and health professionals interested in HIV/AIDS, global health, global pandemics, and the history of medicine will find it highly compelling and consequential. It will also interest those involved in global affairs, global governance, international relations, and international development.

Immunopathology, Diagnosis and Treatment of HPV induced Malignancies focuses on the human papilloma virus infection and associated cancers. In ten chapters, the book explains the deep knowledge about molecular mechanism in HPV pathogenesis and recent advanced tools applied in the field of HPV induced cancer and cures. In a nutshell, the book gives new insights and the associated challenges involved in the identification of promising drug and vaccine targets, current diagnostic tools, and advancements in current therapies against HPV induced cancers and other malignancies.

* One of the first books in the new Leading Conversations in Black Sexualities and Identities series. * Explores various psychosocial, sociocultural, and contextual factors critical among Black college students within the milieu of HBCUs, and how this environment can promote sexual health. * Essential reading for public health and social science researchers and practitioners, as well as student affairs and campus wellness centers. * Aims to help the development of strategies and interventions to improve sexual health outcomes amongst black students at HBCUs, and advance the translation of culturally grounded research into effective practice.

Linked by Blood: Hemophilia and AIDS recounts the factors responsible for the widespread infection of people with hemophilia by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-contaminated blood and offers a prescription for addressing the challenges of future viral epidemics. The book describes the impact of AIDS on people with hemophilia, their families, and caregivers. The collection, processing, and distribution of blood in the early years of the HIV epidemic are described, including the failure of regulatory agencies to promulgate effective rules to safeguard the blood supply. The contributions of individuals and organizations that mitigated the epidemic are recognized. Linked by Blood presents recommendations for addressing the myriad medical, social, and economic challenges posed by blood-borne viral infections (AIDS, Ebola, MERS) that periodically sweep through large segments of our population.

This book delves into this almost unchartered territory, documenting the lived experiences of sex workers in Bangladesh, considering the complex realities of their day-to-day lives and the ways they negotiate their working conditions and relationships. Despite being the most common form of female deviance and criminality globally, we know very little about sex work in Asia and the global south. Drawing on feminist frameworks, it shows that the experiences of sex workers vary widely depending on the ways they enter the sex trade, their modes of operation, and relationships with significant others. Towards a Southern Approach to Sex Work contributes to feminist scholarship on sex work, by offering a much needed southern perspective, drawing on culturally specific data. It argues that the lived experience of sex workers comprises both victimhood and agency, deception and resilience, and that it is the management of these relationships that enable sex works to avoid social marginalization and alienation. An accessible and compelling read, this will appeal to students and scholars of criminology, sociology, gender studies, south Asian studies, cultural studies, social theory and policy makers. In addition, it will engage all those interested in learning more about how the sex trade operates in Bangladesh.

The early 2020s marked the fortieth anniversary of the first confirmed cases of AIDS and a new wave of historical interest in the ongoing epidemic. This edited collection showcases some of this exciting new work, with a particular focus on less well-known histories from western Europe. Featuring research from social, cultural and public historians, sociologists and area studies scholars, its eight chapters address experiences, events and memories across regions and nations including Scotland, Wales, Italy, Norway and the Netherlands, paying careful attention to often-overlooked groups including drug users, sex workers, nurses, mothers and people in prison. Offering new perspectives on the development and implementation of policy, the nature of activism and expertise and which (or whose) histories are remembered, it is essential reading not only for historians of health but also for all those working in HIV/AIDS studies. Electronic versions of chapters 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 are available under a creative commons licence: www.manchesterhive.com/view/9781526151223/9781526151223.xml -- .

What happens to national HIV programmes when Science and Religion collide and when both ignore the setting of most infections: in or on the way to marriage? HIV and AIDS are serious social and public-health problems in Papua New Guinea. After long delays, community-, business- and faith-based organizations have launched an impressive multi-sectoral response. But health-service systems are overwhelmed by the need for HIV antibody testing and counselling, and for treatment with antiretrovirals. Foreign notions of epidemiology, such as 'sex worker', 'risk group' and 'rural/urban', have gained traction despite massive empirical evidence as to their inapplicability. Each of these has fuelled, rather than confronted, the gendered contradictions of marriage and sexuality in Papua New Guinea. Quantitative approaches have fetishized numbers at the expense of enabling changes in social-structure. Part One of Sin, Sex and Stigma draws upon ethnography, public discourse and archival data to critique public-health policy and epidemiological modelling. Christian-inflected sex-negativity and anti-condom rhetoric are shown to have stymied prevention initiatives. Part Two enlists experts in antiretroviral therapy, sex work activism and ethnography in dialogues focused on strengthening the national response to HIV and AIDS. 'A "hot glow of anger" compelled Lawrence Hammar to write this fiery account of the many factors preventing successful HIV and AIDS interventions in Papua New Guinea. Drawing on his extensive research experience on sexuality and sex work, on cultural and Christian ideologies, and on outrageous stories of denial, abuse, and stigma, Hammar paints a rich and devastating portrait of the history of AIDS in PNG. Read it and weep. Lawrence Hammar is an inspiring reminder for AIDS scholars and activists everywhere of the differences committed social scientists can make to the way things are done.', Leslie Butt, Dept. of Pacific and Asian Studies, University of Victoria

This book considers the change in rhetoric surrounding the treatment of AIDS from one of crisis to that of 'ending AIDS'. Exploring what it means to 'end AIDS' and how responsibility is framed in this new discourse, the author considers the tensions generated between the individual and the state in terms of notions such as risk, responsibility and prevention. Based on analyses public health promotions in the UK and the US, HIV prevention science and engaging with the work of Foucault, this volume argues that the discourse of 'ending AIDS' implies a tension-filled space in which global principles and values may clash with localised needs, values and concerns; in which evidence-based policies strive for hegemony over local, tacit and communal regimes of knowledge; and in which desires compete with national and international ideas about what is best for the individual in the name of 'ending AIDS' writ large. As such, it will appeal to scholars of sociology and media studies with interests in the sociology of medicine and health, medical communication and health policy.

This book will be a vital resource for researchers in the field of health communication, especially in the aftermath of COVID-19, as we begin confronting the reality of which countries can afford to declare an 'end to the pandemic', and which ones can't A unique feature of this book is that its center and focus is on persons living with HIV - It highlights their experiences and voices It examines the discourse of a "post-AIDS" culture using a range of methodological tools, and the medical-discursive shift from crisis and death to survival and living It includes contributions from a diverse group of international scholars, and interrogates and engages with the cultural, social, political, scientific, historical, global, and local consumptions of the term "post-AIDS" from the perspective of meaning-making on health, illness, and well-being This book will be an essential read for scholars and students of health communication, sociology of health and illness, medical humanities, political science, and medical anthropology, as well as for policy makers and activists

In this thought-provoking portrait of AIDS Healthcare Foundation, the world s largest HIV/AIDS medical care provider, award-winning journalist Patrick Range McDonald reveals the nonprofit s unlikely rise from a feisty grassroots organization during the 1980s AIDS crisis in Los Angeles to its position today as an aggressive, global leader in the ongoing fight to control HIV and AIDS. This riveting story highlights the motivations behind AHF s life-saving efforts, its battles against (and alliances with) governments and various political establishments, and its work today to provide free HIV treatment and prevention services to vulnerable, lower-income people in more than thirty countries. With unrestricted, insider access, McDonald follows AHF for a year as it clashes with the Obama administration, the state of Nevada, and the World Health Organization. He interviews AHF s key players, including firebrand president Michael Weinstein, and he travels to AHF outposts around the globe, from Miami to Uganda, Cambodia to Russia, Estonia to South Africa. Along the way, McDonald discovers that AHF is a passionate, smart, and tenacious people power organization that brings hope and change to nearly all corners of the world. Beyond its work as a highly effective global AIDS organization, the AHF story also provides a blueprint for every kind of righteous rebel who wants to make the world a better place."

This book provides an overview of the social, economic, and political impact of AIDS around the world. The sudden appearance and rapid spread of AIDS has given birth to an enormous amount of literature. This volume summarizes recent writings about AIDS and provides a framework for thinking about the eventual consequences of this world-wide epidemic. As an interdisciplinary work, this text draws upon research from diverse fields, such as anthropology, demography, economics, epidemiology, history, political science, public health, social psychology, and sociology. The volume begins with a look at the spread of AIDS and its prevalence throughout the developing world. Special attention is given to AIDS in the United States in one chapter, and other chapters discuss the international response to AIDS, including public and government reactions.