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Books > Social sciences > Psychology > Cognition & cognitive psychology > Learning
On the eve of his fortieth birthday, renowned cognitive scientist
Gary Marcus decided to fulfil a lifelong dream and learn to play
the guitar. He had tried many times before - failing miserably.
This time, he decided to use the tools of his "trade" to see if he
might suceed. On his quest he jams with twelve-year-olds and takes
master classes with guitar gods. A groundbreaking exploration of
the allure of music, Guitar Zero is also an empowering case for the
mind's ability to grow throughout life.
Discussion on the Web is mediated through layers of software and
protocols. As scholars increasingly study communication and
learning on the Internet, it is essential to consider how site
administrators, programmers, and designers create interfaces and
enable functionality. The managers, administrators, and designers
of online communities can turn to more than 20 years of technical
books for guidance on how to design online communities toward
particular objectives. Through analysis of this "how-to"
literature, Designing Online Communities explores the discourse of
design and configuration that partially structures online
communities and later social networks. Tracking the history of
notions of community in these books suggests the emergence of a
logic of permission and control. Online community defies many
conventional notions of community. Participants are increasingly
treated as "users", or even as commodities themselves to be used.
Through consideration of the particular tactics of these
administrators, this book suggests how researchers should approach
the study and analysis of the records of online communities.
Studies of learning are too frequently conceptualized only in terms
of knowledge development. Yet it is vital to pay close attention to
the social and emotional aspects of learning in order to understand
why and how it occurs. How Students Come to Be, Know, and Do builds
a theoretical argument for and a methodological approach to
studying learning in a holistic way. The authors provide examples
of urban fourth graders from diverse cultural and linguistic
backgrounds studying science as a way to illustrate how this model
contributes to a more complete and complex understanding of
learning in school settings. What makes this book unique is its
insistence that to fully understand human learning we have to
consider the affective-volitional processes of learning along with
the more familiar emphasis on knowledge and skills.
First published in 1987, Learning by Expanding challenges
traditional theories that consider learning a process of
acquisition and reorganization of cognitive structures within the
closed boundaries of specific tasks or problems. Yrjo Engestrom
argues that this type of learning increasingly fails to meet the
challenges of complex social change and fails to create novel
artifacts and ways of life. In response, he presents an innovative
theory of expansive learning activity, offering a foundation for
understanding and designing learning as a transformation of human
activities and organizations. The second edition of this seminal
text features a substantive new introduction that illustrates the
development and implementation of Engestrom's theory since its
inception."
Western and East Asian people hold fundamentally different beliefs
about learning that influence how they approach child rearing and
education. Reviewing decades of research, Dr Jin Li presents an
important conceptual distinction between the Western mind model and
the East Asian virtue model of learning. The former aims to
cultivate the mind to understand the world, whereas the latter
prioritizes the self to be perfected morally and socially. Tracing
the cultural origins of the two large intellectual traditions, Li
details how each model manifests itself in the psychology of the
learning process, learning affect, regard of one's learning peers,
expression of what one knows and parents' guiding efforts. Despite
today's accelerated cultural exchange, these learning models do not
diminish but endure.
Western and East Asian people hold fundamentally different beliefs
about learning that influence how they approach child rearing and
education. Reviewing decades of research, Dr Jin Li presents an
important conceptual distinction between the Western mind model and
the East Asian virtue model of learning. The former aims to
cultivate the mind to understand the world, whereas the latter
prioritizes the self to be perfected morally and socially. Tracing
the cultural origins of the two large intellectual traditions, Li
details how each model manifests itself in the psychology of the
learning process, learning affect, regard of one's learning peers,
expression of what one knows and parents' guiding efforts. Despite
today's accelerated cultural exchange, these learning models do not
diminish but endure.
The cognitive and neural sciences have been on the brink of a
paradigm shift for over a decade now. The traditional
information-processing framework in psychology, with its computer
metaphor of the mind, is still considered to be the mainstream
approach. However, the dynamical-systems perspective on mental
activity is now receiving a more rigorous treatment, allowing it to
move beyond the trendy buzzwords that have become associated with
it. The Continuity of Mind will help to galvanize the forces of
dynamical systems theory, cognitive and computational neuroscience,
connectionism, and ecological psychology that are needed to
complete this paradigm shift.
In this book, Michael Spivey lays bare the fact that comprehending
a spoken sentence, understanding a visual scene, or just thinking
about the day's events involves the coalescing of different
neuronal activation patterns over time, i.e., a continuous
state-space trajectory that flirts with a series of point
attractors. As a result, the brain cannot help but spend most of
its time instantiating patterns of activity that are in between
identifiable mental states rather than in them. When this scenario
is combined with the fact that most cognitive processes are richly
embedded in their environmental context in real time, the state
space (in which brief visitations of attractor basins are your
'thoughts') suddenly encompasses not just neuronal dimensions, but
extends to biomechanical and environmental dimensions as well. As a
result, your moment-by-moment experience of the world around you,
even right now, can be described as a continuous trajectory through
a high-dimensional state space that comprises diverse mental
states.
Spivey has organized The Continuity of Mind to present a systematic
overview of how perception, cognition, and action are partially
overlapping segments of one continuous mental flow, rather than
three distinct mental systems. As a result, the apparent partitions
that were once thought to separate mental constructs inevitably
turn out, upon closer inspection, to be fuzzy graded transitions.
The initial chapters provide first-hand demonstrations of the 'gray
areas' in mental activity that happen in between discretely labeled
mental events, as well as geometric visualizations of attractors in
state space that make the dynamical-systems framework seem less
mathematically abstract. The middle chapters present scores of
behavioral and neurophysiological studies that portray the
continuous temporal dynamics inherent in categorization, language
comprehension, visual perception, as well as attention, action, and
reasoning. The final chapters discuss what the mind itself must
look like if its activity is continuous in time and its contents
are distributed in state space. The Continuity of Mind is essential
reading for those in the cognitive and neural sciences who want to
see where the Dynamical Cognition movement is taking us.
Educate students in mind and body-and optimize their success. There
is no issue today that gets more attention and incites more debate
than children's use of technology. Technology offers exciting new
opportunities and challenges to you and your students. Meanwhile,
movement is essential to learning-it increases mental energy and
helps brain cells develop. But screen time often comes at the
expense of physical activity. How do you choose? You don't! This
blended instructional approach combines kinesthetic teaching
methodologies with technological resources to meet content
standards, increase achievement and test scores, and enrich the
learning process. Here you'll find A neuroscientific overview of
the powerful brain-body connection Step-by-step instructions for
balancing movement and the use of technology in the classroom
Practical tools, templates, and vignettes to ensure successful
implementation Classroom management tactics and useful remedies for
common problems Educating the whole child means promoting social,
physical, mental, emotional, and cognitive growth. By joining two
powerful teaching tools, you'll prepare students for a bright
future-in school and in life-while growing your instructional
expertise as well.
While Experiential Learning has been one of the most influential
methods in the education and development of managers and management
students, it has also been one of the most misunderstood. This
Handbook offers the reader a comprehensive picture of current
thinking on experiential learning; ideas and examples of
experiential learning in practice; and it emphasises the importance
of experiential learning to the future of management education.
Contributors include:
Chris Argyris, Joseph Champoux, D. Christopher Kayes, Ruth
Colquhoun, John Coopey, Nelarine Cornelius, Elizabeth L. Creese,
Gordon Dehler, Andrea Ellinger, Meretta Elliott, Silvia Gherardi,
Jeff Gold, Steve G. Green, Kurt Heppard, Anne Herbert, Robin Holt,
Martin J. Hornyak, Paula Hyde, Tusse Sidenius Jensen, Sandra Jones,
Anna Kayes, Kirsi Korpiaho, Tracy Lamping, Tony Lingham, Enrico
Maria Piras, Sallyanne Miller, Amar Mistry, Dale Murray, Jean
Neumann, Barbara Poggio, Keijo Rasanen, Peter Reason, Michael
Reynolds, Bente Rugaard Thorsen, Burkard Sievers, Stephen Smith,
Sari Stenfors, Antonio Strati, Elaine Swan, Jane Thompson, Richard
Thorpe, Kiran Trehan, Russ Vince, Jane Rohde Voight, Tony Watson,
and Ann Welsh.
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