In many works by modern British women writers, two women form a strong bond only to have that relationship stymied, paralyzed or interrupted. A female character, fearing discovery of covert lesbian desires, lashes out at another woman, resulting in emotional or physical harm to herself or others. Patricia Smith defines this narrative as "lesbian panic". What happens when a character or an author is unwilling to confront or reveal her own lesbianism or lesbian desire? For Smith, lesbian panic is often a fear of losing one's identity and value within the heterosexual paradigm. Smith traces the history of "lesbian panic" through key works: Woolfe's "The Voyage Out" and "Mrs Dalloway"; Bowen's "The Little Girls" and "Eva Trout"; Brophy's "King of a Rainy Day"; Lessing's "The Golden Notebook"; and Spark's "The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie". Smith reveals how and why this panic is represented and she explores how postmodern lesbian writers have attempted to break away from this narrative.

Mignon R. Moore brings to light the family life of a group that has been largely invisible - gay women of color - in a book that challenges long-standing ideas about racial identity, family formation, and motherhood. Drawing from interviews and surveys of one hundred black gay women in New York City, "Invisible Families" explores the ways that race and class have influenced how these women understand their sexual orientation, find partners, and form families. In particular, the study looks at the ways in which the past experiences of women who came of age in the 1960s and 1970s shape their thinking, and have structured their lives in communities that are not always accepting of their openly gay status. Overturning generalizations about lesbian families derived largely from research focused on white, middle-class feminists, "Invisible Families" reveals experiences within black American and Caribbean communities as it asks how people with multiple stigmatized identities imagine and construct an individual and collective sense of self.

"A Xicana Codex of Changing Consciousness "features essays and poems by Cherrie L. Moraga, one of the most influential figures in Chicana/o, feminist, queer, and indigenous activism and scholarship. Combining moving personal stories with trenchant political and cultural critique, the writer, activist, teacher, dramatist, mother, daughter, "comadre," and lesbian lover looks back on the first ten years of the twenty-first century. She considers decade-defining public events such as 9/11 and the campaign and election of Barack Obama, and she explores socioeconomic, cultural, and political phenomena closer to home, sharing her fears about raising her son amid increasing urban violence and the many forms of dehumanization faced by young men of color. Moraga describes her deepening grief as she loses her mother to Alzheimer's; pays poignant tribute to friends who passed away, including the sculptor Marsha Gomez and the poets Alfred Arteaga, Pat Parker, and Audre Lorde; and offers a heartfelt essay about her personal and political relationship with Gloria Anzaldua.

Thirty years after the publication of Anzaldua and Moraga's collection "This Bridge Called My Back," a landmark of women-of-color feminism, Moraga's literary and political praxis remains motivated by and intertwined with indigenous spirituality and her identity as Chicana lesbian. Yet aspects of her thinking have changed over time. "A Xicana Codex of Changing Consciousness" reveals key transformations in Moraga's thought; the breadth, rigor, and philosophical depth of her work; her views on contemporary debates about citizenship, immigration, and gay marriage; and her deepening involvement in transnational feminist and indigenous activism. It is a major statement from one of our most important public intellectuals.

The discovery that a child is lesbian or gay can send shockwaves through a family. A mother will question how she's raised her son; a father will worry that his daughter will experience discrimination. From the child's perspective, gay and lesbian youth fear their families will reject them and that they will lose financial and emotional support. All in all, learning a child is gay challenges long-held views about sexuality and relationships, and the resulting uncertainty can produce feelings of anger, resentment, and concern.

Through a qualitative, multicultural study of sixty-five gay and lesbian children and their parents, Michael LaSala, a leading expert on this issue, outlines effective, practice-tested interventions for families in transition. His research reveals surprising outcomes, such as learning that a child is homosexual can improve familial relationships, including father-child relationships, even if a parent reacts strongly or negatively to the revelation. By confronting feelings of depression, anxiety, and grief head on, LaSala formulates the best approach for practitioners who hope to reestablish intimacy among family members and preserve family connections--as well as individual autonomy--well into the child's maturation. By restricting his study to parents and children of the same family, LaSala accurately captures the reciprocal effects of family interactions, identifying them as targets for effective treatment. "Coming Out, Coming Home" is also a valuable text for families, enabling adjustment through relatable scenarios and analyses.

Drawing on fieldwork conducted at eight women's music festivals, Eileen M. Hayes shows how studying these festivals--attended by predominately white lesbians--provides critical insight into the role of music and lesbian community formation. She argues that the women's music festival is a significant institutional site for the emergence of black feminist consciousness in the contemporary period. Hayes also offers sage perspectives on black women's involvement in the women's music festival scene, the ramifications of their performances as drag kings in those environments, and the challenges and joys of a black lesbian retreat based on the feminist festival model. With acuity and candor, longtime feminist activist Hayes elucidates why this music scene matters. Veteran vocalist, percussionist, producer, and cultural historian Linda Tillery provides a foreword.

"Making Girls into Women" offers an account of the historical emergence of "the lesbian" by looking at late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century women's writing. Kathryn R. Kent proposes that modern lesbian identity in the United States has its roots not just, or even primarily, in sexology and medical literature, but in white, middle-class women's culture. Kent demonstrates how, as white women's culture shifted more and more from the home to the school, workplace, and boarding house, the boundaries between the public and private spheres began to dissolve. She shows how, within such spaces, women's culture, in attempting to mold girls into proper female citizens, ended up inciting in them other, less normative, desires and identifications, including ones Kent calls "protolesbian" or queer.

Kent not only analyzes how texts represent queer erotics, but also theorizes how texts might produce them in readers. She describes the ways postbellum sentimental literature such as that written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, Louisa May Alcott, and Emma D. Kelley eroticizes, reacts against, and even, in its own efforts to shape girls' selves, contributes to the production of queer female identifications and identities. Tracing how these identifications are engaged and critiqued in the early twentieth century, she considers works by Djuna Barnes, Gertrude Stein, Marianne Moore, and Elizabeth Bishop, as well as in the queer subject-forming effects of another modern invention, the Girl Scouts. "Making Girls into Women" ultimately reveals that modern lesbian identity marks an extension of, rather than a break from, nineteenth-century women's culture.

On a winter day in 1892, in the broad daylight of downtown Memphis, Tennessee, a middle class woman named Alice Mitchell slashed the throat of her lover, Freda Ward, killing her instantly. Local, national, and international newspapers, medical and scientific publications, and popular fiction writers all clamored to cover the ensuing "girl lovers" murder trial. Lisa Duggan locates in this sensationalized event the emergence of the lesbian in U.S. mass culture and shows how newly "modern" notions of normality and morality that arose from such cases still haunt and distort lesbian and gay politics to the present day.
Situating this story alongside simultaneously circulating lynching narratives (and its resistant versions, such as those of Memphis antilynching activist Ida B. Wells) Duggan reveals how stories of sex and violence were crucial to the development of American modernity. While careful to point out the differences between the public reigns of terror that led to many lynchings and the rarer instances of the murder of one woman by another privately motivated woman, Duggan asserts that dominant versions of both sets of stories contributed to the marginalization of African Americans and women while solidifying a distinctly white, male, heterosexual form of American citizenship. Having explored the role of turn-of-the-century print media--and in particular their tendency toward sensationalism--Duggan moves next to a review of sexology literature and to novels, most notably Radclyffe Hall's "The Well of Loneliness." "Sapphic Slashers" concludes with two appendices, one of which presents a detailed summary of Ward's murder, the trial, and Mitchell's eventual institutionalization. The other presents transcriptions of letters exchanged between the two women prior to the crime.
Combining cultural history, feminist and queer theory, narrative analysis, and compelling storytelling, "Sapphic Slashers" provides the first history of the emergence of the lesbian in twentieth-century mass culture.

Hey, Sister, What's Your Sign?

Has your girlfriend (or ex-girlfriend) ever told you to stop being such a sloppy Sagittarius? Have you ever wanted to crack the shell of the cute but quiet Cancer shelving books in your local bookshop? Do you read the monthly horoscope columns in your favorite lesbian magazine and wonder what it all means? Well...attention all women who wear comfortable shoes, lipstick lesbians, and drag kings! Listen up, fems, butches, pillow queens, and all women who refuse to be labeled! HerScopes is the key to unlocking the mysteries of the stars, full of insight and enlightenment about every aspect of your life.

Speaking as one girlfriend to another, Charlene Lichtenstein, one of the foremost astrologers in the gay and lesbian press, offers a comprehensive guide to the zodiac that is infused with wit, wisdom, and a nod to all that makes lesbian life unique.

HerScopes offers a detailed description of the characteristics of women born under every sign, and a revealing glimpse into sign-by-sign compatibilty -- in love, in friendship, and in work. Complete with a list of famous gals (and some guys) who might share your birthday and irresistible profiles of some of your favorite stars and icons, HerScopes is a welcome resource for all the strong, smart, and courageous women striving to understand their place in the universe.

This A-Z guide to lesbians and lesbianism in the movies contains reviews, gossip, facts and commentary on over 200 films, including specifically lesbian films such as "Go Fish" and "Desert Hearts" as well as films with a lesbian character or theme, like "The Children's Hour" and "The Hunger."

Karla Jay's memoir of an age whose tumultuous social and political movements fundamentally reshaped American culture takes readers from her early days in the 1968 Columbia University student riots to her post-college involvement in New York radical women's groups and the New York Gay Liberation Front. In Southern California in the early 70s, she continued in the battle for gay civil rights and helped to organize the takeover of "The Ladies' Home Journal" and "ogle-in" - where women staked out Wall Street and whistled at the men.

The Fifth Volume in the annual series Psychological Perspective on Lesbian and Gay Issues is devoted to providing a basic collection of resources for educators, practitioners and researchers in Lesbian/Gay Bisexual and Transgendered Psychology. The volume and the series are sponsored by Division 44 of the American Psychological Association.

Academic psychologists have been challenged to make psychology curricula more inclusive. Program changes involve revising undergraduate and graduate course material and content to represent the full spectrum of sexual orientation identity, development and life dilemmas. Similarly, trainers and educators responsible for training in related mental health disciplines, mental health agencies and other venues that deliver psychological services to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, And Transgendered Psychology individuals have been appropriately challenged to make training competent practitioners a priority. Many practitioners who have had no training in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, And Transgendered Psychology find themselves confronted with clients that they feel ill equipped to address. They often have the desire to develop clinical competencies in this area, but don?t know where to begin. This volume is intended to serve as a basic resource with information on salient lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered psychology issues and to provide the reader with a range of references and other resources to explore key identity, development, and other subjects.

The Fifth Volume in the annual series Psychological Perspective on Lesbian and Gay Issues is devoted to providing a basic collection of resources for educators, practitioners and researchers in Lesbian/Gay Bisexual and Transgendered Psychology. The volume and the series are sponsored by Division 44 of the American Psychological Association. Academic psychologists have been challenged to make psychology curricula more inclusive. Program changes involve revising undergraduate and graduate course material and content to represent the full spectrum of sexual orientation identity, development and life dilemmas. Similarly, trainers and educators responsible for training in related mental health disciplines, mental health agencies and other venues that deliver psychological services to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, And Transgendered Psychology individuals have been appropriately challenged to make training competent practitioners a priority. Many practitioners who have had no training in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, And Transgendered Psychology find themselves confronted with clients that they feel ill equipped to address. They often have the desire to develop clinical competencies in this area, but don't know where to begin. This volume is intended to serve as a basic resource with information on salient lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered psychology issues and to provide the reader with a range of references and other resources to explore key identity, development, and other subjects.

This comprehensive study of Roman sexuality and the ideologies of masculinity discusses a wide range of ancient texts, arguing that native Roman concepts of masculinity did not rely on the distinction between homosexuality and heterosexuality, but were instead structured around such antitheses as free vs. slave, dominant vs. subordinate, and masculine vs. effeminate.

Written in a scholarly but accessible style, this book provides an integrated critical analysis of lesbian and bisexual women's health. Reflecting the complexity of the field, it will be interesting and useful to health professionals, students, and academicians. The book highlights trends and themes, with selected examples of research and personal experience of lesbians and bixsexual women and their health care providers.

The goals of the book are: to intergrate and analyze the multi-disciplinary literature on lesbian and bixsexual women's health; to enhance the readers' understanding of research methodology and analysis, increasing their ability to critique and grasp the implications of future research; to explore socio-cultural influences on the health of lesbians and bisexuals; to provide a text to be used in academic settings; to analyze voids, problems and future directions.

Written from a public health perspective, this work integrates material from a multitude of disciplines including medicine, nursing, sociology, psychology. It utilizes this research base along with personal interviews//cases to answer questions that many lesbian and bisexual women ( and their health care providers) ask. What have we learned about our health?; what are our health risks?; what are we doing to protect ourselves?; can we trust medical confidentially?; and where can we go from here regarding health care and communication?.

Written in a scholarly but accessible style, this book provides an integrated critical analysis of lesbian and bisexual women's health. The book highlights trends and themes, with selected examples of research and personal experience of lesbians and bisexual women and their health care providers.

Adrienne Rich is a major American poet who continues to be inspired by the political ideas and activism of various liberation movements of the twentieth century. Whether expressed in poetry or in prose, her ideas have been much debated, particularly within second wave feminism. This unique introduction focuses on Rich's prose work but also makes reference to the poetry where her political ideas and urgencies often find their first expression. Demonstrating the compexity and subtlety of her contribution to feminism, the book outlines her wide-ranging thoughts on, for example, motherhood, heterosexuality, lesbian and Jewish identity, and issues of racial and sexual otherness. Liz Yorke conveys the range and importance of Rich's achievements and highlights the major themes which are interwoven in her work.

The lyrics of Sappho are the earliest surviving examples of explicitly homoerotic literature and have often been analyzed in terms of their revelations about the island society of Lesbos. This volume examines Sappho's poetry through the lens of lesbian desire. It focuses on the active female gaze in the texts and the narrative voice - one that describes female experience and desires as primary, not secondary to the dominant (male) culture. The book provides close readings of the surviving examples of Sappho's poetry, occasionally presenting comparative material from other ancient Greek poets. In addition, a complete transliteration of the Greek verse is intended to enhance the reader's understanding of the original sound and rhythm of the texts. Sappho's influence on a number of lesbian poets, including Amy Lowell, H.D. and Olga Broumas. The text includes an appendix of the original Greek poetry.

From Chastity Bono, daughter of Sonny and Cher, heroine of the gay community, comes the first comprehensive guide to the coming-out process, written from the perspective of both gays and lesbians and their parents.

In The Lesbian Love Companion, Marny Hall, Ph.D., a psychotherapist with twenty years' experience counseling lesbian couples, explores and celebrates lesbian relationships in all their complexity - and humor. Based on the idea that the key to healthy relationships lies in our ability to keep refining the story of our relationships, it presents the perfect blend of advice and inspiration for every lesbian looking for love. Interspersing real-life examples from Hall's practice, sound advice, and laugh-out-loud observations, The Lesbian Love Companion takes a completely fresh and honest approach to the unique relationship issues near and dear to every lesbian's heart.

"Witty, perceptive, and wise"

- Karla Jay, editor of Dyke Life and Lesbian Erotics

" A delightfully practical and funny guidebook to exploring life after love . No coy language and no judgmental presumptions help us say yes to the relationships we want. When you go shopping for the next commitment ceremony, The Lesbian Love Companion is the perfect gift"

- Jewelle Gomez, author of The Gilda Stories

A wonderful book helping lesbians define our relationships on our terms--making a successful breakup as worthwhile as our commitments."

- Suzanne Westenhoefer, lesbian comedienne

"With dozens of real-life examples, [this] highly creative guide to everyday relationship pitfalls is a veritable Kama Sutra of emotional possibility."

- Alison Bechdel, creator of Dykes to Watch Out For

"[A] lively, smart, funny, and fun-to-read book that challenges our fairy tale notions that we will find one Ms. Right and settle down forever in undisturbed bliss. Hall...offers wise advice about how to keep one's sanity through the ins-and-outs of all these discombobulating and destabilizing experiences."

- Lillian Faderman, author of Odd Girls and Twilight Loversand Surpassing the Love of Men

Refuting commonly held beliefs within women's and lesbian history, feminist theory, and histories of the novel, Dangerous Intimacies challenges the idea that sex between women was unimaginable in British culture before the late nineteenth century. Lisa L. Moore argues that literary representations of female sexual agency-and in particular "sapphic" relationships between women-were central to eighteenth-century debates over English national identity. Moore shows how the novel's representation of women's "romantic friendships"-both platonic and sexual-were encoded within wider social concerns regarding race, nation, and colonialist ventures. Moore demonstrates that intimacy between women was vividly imagined in the British eighteenth century as not only chaste and virtuous, but also insistently and inevitably sexual. She looks at instances of sapphism in such novels as Millenium Hall, Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure, Belinda, and Emma and analyzes how the new literary form of the novel made the bourgeois heroine's successful negotiation of female friendship central to the establishment of her virtue. Moore also examines representations of sapphism through the sweeping economic and political changes of the period and claims that middle-class readers' identifications with the heroine's virtue helped the novel's bourgeois audience justify the violent bases of their new prosperity, including slavery, colonialism, and bloody national rivalry. In revealing the struggle over sapphism at the heart of these novels of female friendship-and at the heart of England's national identity-Moore shows how feminine sexual agency emerged as an important cultural force in post-Enlightenment England

Challenging widely held assumptions about postwar gay male culture and politics, Homosexuality in Cold War America examines how gay men in the 1950s resisted pressures to remain in the closet. Robert J. Corber argues that a form of gay male identity emerged in the 1950s that simultaneously drew on and transcended left-wing opposition to the Cold War cultural and political consensus. Combining readings of novels, plays, and films of the period with historical research into the national security state, the growth of the suburbs, and postwar consumer culture, Corber examines how gay men resisted the "organization man" model of masculinity that rose to dominance in the wake of World War II. By exploring the representation of gay men in film noir, Corber suggests that even as this Hollywood genre reinforced homophobic stereotypes, it legitimized the gay male "gaze." He emphasizes how film noir's introduction of homosexual characters countered the national "project" to render gay men invisible, and marked a deep subversion of the Cold War mentality. Corber then considers the work of gay male writers Tennessee Williams, Gore Vidal, and James Baldwin, demonstrating how these authors declined to represent homosexuality as a discrete subculture and instead promoted a model of political solidarity rooted in the shared experience of oppression. Homosexuality in Cold War America reveals that the ideological critique of the dominant culture made by gay male authors of the 1950s laid the foundation for the gay liberation movement of the following decade.

In an insightful and provocative juxtaposition, Margaret Dickie examines the poetry of three preeminent women writers--Gertrude Stein, Elizabeth Bishop, and Adrienne Rich--investigating the ways in which each attempts to forge a poetic voice capable of expressing both public concerns and private interests. Although Stein, Bishop, and Rich differ by generation, poetic style, and relationship to audience, all three are twentieth-century lesbian poets who struggle with the revelatory nature of language. All three, argues Dickie, use language to express and to conceal their experiences as they struggle with a censorship that was both culturally sanctioned and self-imposed. Dickie explores how each poet negotiates successfully and variously with the need for secrecy and the desire for openness.

By analyzing each poet's work in light of the shared themes of love, war, and place, Dickie makes visible a continuity of interests between these three rarely linked women. In their very diversity of style and strategy, she argues, lies a triumph of the creative imagination, a victory of poetry over polemic.

Ethnicity, culture, and sexual orientation are salient aspects of human identity. While diversity adds richness to the threads of our human tapestry, minorities often feel vulnerable with open disclosure and retreat from exposures they fear could leave them in jeopardy. This is especially so with the lesbian and gay community. Under the skilled editorship of Beverly Greene, Ethnic and Cultural Diversity Among Lesbians and Gay Men explores a broad range of culture-related topics specific to the experience of this populationùand is courageously presented by an outstanding, diverse group of contributors. Along with empirical, clinical, and theoretical discussions, the inclusion of personal narrative offers poignant insight into additional complexities, pressures, and losses that lesbians and gay men must cope with in a world that often handles diversity with the closed fist of bigotry. Academics, researchers, students, and the interested lay reader will find Ethnic and Cultural Diversity Among Lesbians and Gay Men both accessible and engaging. The volume is ideal for courses in psychology, social psychology, gender studies, sociology, human services, interpersonal violence, and ethnic studies.

Written by lesbians of different ages, races and religions,and compiled by one of the gay movement's best-known writers and activists,these original essays give vibrant voice to the diversity of the lesbian experience. Celebrating the many ways in which the lesbian experience is unique from all others, many of these pieces focus on specific lesbian concerns such as sexual practices, raising children and higher incidence of certain illnesses.Beyond pointing out these differences, the essays also provide a comprehensive view of the many phases of lesbian life by covering diverse topics like body piercing, coming out and work. Short narratives, To Mother or Not to Mother," Confessions of a Lesbian Vampire," About Being an Old Lesbian in Love," and more,complement and enrich the main essays, adding a unique personal tone to the collection. A mix of the serious and the irreverent, Dyke Life is an important contribution to gay and lesbian literature.

Since its original publications in 1978, Our Right to Love's resources, interviews, and essays have evolved to cover every aspect of the ever-changing, everyday lives of lesbians. The complete lesbian resource guide, Our Right to Love instantly became a classic when it was first published in 1978. Now fully revised and expanded for the 1990s, this new edition includes over 60 articles and interviews covering the many aspects of lesbian life: relationships, sexuality, health, activism, education and sports, religion and spirituality, the law and legal issues, multiethnic lesbian experience, and lesbian culture. A group of essays explores the lesbian experience across cultures (African American, Latina, Asian, Native American) and age groups. Interviews with notable lesbians Martina Navratilova, Melissa Etheridge, Margarethe Cammermeyer, and Minnesota State Representative Karen Clark examine the particular experiences of highly visible out lesbians. An extensive bibliography, resource lists, and index make this the complete lesbian reference.