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Books > Science & Mathematics > Mathematics > Applied mathematics > Mathematics for scientists & engineers
Knighting in sequence biology Edward N. Trifonov Genome classification, construction of phylogenetic trees, became today a major approach in studying evolutionary relatedness of various species in their vast - versity. Although the modern genome clustering delivers the trees which are very similar to those generated by classical means, and basic terminology is the same, the phenotypic traits and habitats are not anymore the playground for the classi- cation. The sequence space is the playground now. The phenotypic traits are - placed by sequence characteristics, "words", in particular. Matter-of-factually, the phenotype and genotype merged, to confusion of both classical and modern p- logeneticists. Accordingly, a completely new vocabulary of stringology, information theory and applied mathematics took over. And a new brand of scientists emerged - those who do know the math and, simultaneously, (do?) know biology. The book is written by the authors of this new brand. There is no way to test their literacy in biology, as no biologist by training would even try to enter into the elite circle of those who masters their almost occult language. But the army of - formaticians, formal linguists, mathematicians humbly (or aggressively) longing to join modern biology, got an excellent introduction to the field of genome cl- tering, written by the team of their kin.
This book represents an extended and substantially revised version of my earlierbook, Optimal Control in Problems ofMathematical Physics, originally published in Russian in 1975. About 60% of the text has been completely revised and major additions have been included which have produced a practically new text. My aim was to modernize the presentation but also to preserve the original results, some of which are little known to a Western reader. The idea of composites, which is the core of the modern theory of optimization, was initiated in the early seventies. The reader will find here its implementation in the problem of optimal conductivity distribution in an MHD-generatorchannel flow.Sincethen it has emergedinto an extensive theory which is undergoing a continuous development. The book does not pretend to be a textbook, neither does it offer a systematic presentation of the theory. Rather, it reflects a concept which I consider as fundamental in the modern approach to optimization of dis tributed systems. Bibliographical notes, though extensive, do not pretend to be exhaustive as well. My thanks are due to ProfessorJean-Louis Armand and ProfessorWolf Stadler whose friendly assistance in translating and polishing the text was so valuable. I am indebted to Mrs. Kathleen Durand and Mrs. Colleen Lewis for the hard job of typing large portions of the manuscript."
The outcome of a close collaboration between mathematicians and mathematical physicists, these Lecture Notes present the foundations of A. Connes noncommutative geometry, as well as its applications in particular to the field of theoretical particle physics. The coherent and systematic approach makes this book useful for experienced researchers and postgraduate students alike.
The area of adaptive systems, which encompasses recursive identification, adaptive control, filtering, and signal processing, has been one of the most active areas of the past decade. Since adaptive controllers are fundamentally nonlinear controllers which are applied to nominally linear, possibly stochastic and time-varying systems, their theoretical analysis is usually very difficult. Nevertheless, over the past decade much fundamental progress has been made on some key questions concerning their stability, convergence, performance, and robustness. Moreover, adaptive controllers have been successfully employed in numerous practical applications, and have even entered the marketplace.
The theory of blood circulation is one of the oldest in science, and remains a vigorous field of study with many features that have been described in physical and mathematical terms. In Biomechanics: Circulation, Fung presents a treatment of the fundamental biomechanics of the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, using a mathematical approach to illuminate problems in experiemental design, data collection, modeling, observations, and theory. This second edition includes extensive changes incorporating major advances in hemodynamics that have occurred during the past decade. There are new chapters on coronary blood flow and skeletal muscle microcirculation. As in the first edition, Biomechanics: Circulation emphasizes the coupling of fluids and solids in the cardiovascular pulmonary systems, and consistently brings both morphology and rheology to bear on the analysis of blood flow. Numerous exercises are proposed to encourage the reader to formulate and solve problems. Together with his other two treatises on biomechanics (Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissue and Biomechanics: Motion, Flow, Stress and Growth), this book confirms that "although it is clear that Fung has made substantial contributions as a researcher...it can equally well be said that he is an exceptional teacher" (Quart. Rev. Biol.). Y.C. Fung is professor emeritus in the Department of Bioengineering at the University of California at San Diego.
Intelligent Distributed Computing - IDC Symposium Series was started as an initiative of research groups from: (i) Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, Poland and(ii)SoftwareEngineeringDepartmentoftheUniversity ofCraiova, Craiova, Romania.IDCaimsatbringingtogetherresearchersandpractitionersinvolved in all aspects of intelligent and distributed computing to allow cross-fertilization and search for synergies of ideas and to enable advancement of research in these exciting sub- elds of computer science. Intelligent Distributed Computing 2008 - IDC 2008 wasthe secondeventin thisseries. IDC2008was hostedbyDipartimentodiIngegneria Informatica e delle Telecomunicazioni, Universita di Catania, Italia during September 18-19, 2008. This book represents the peer-reviewed proceedings of the IDC 2008. We received 58submissionsfrom24countries.Each submissionwas carefullyreviewedby at least 3 membersofthe ProgramCommittee.Acceptanceandpublicationwere judgedbased on the relevanceto the symposiumthemes, clarity of presentation, originalityand accuracy of results and proposed solutions. Finally 20 regular papers and 12 short papers were selected for presentationand were includedin this volume, resultingin acceptancerates of 34.48 % for regular papers and 55.17 % for regular and short papers. The book contains also 3 invited papers authored by well-known researchers in the eld. The 35 contributions in this book address many topics related to intelligent d- tributedcomputing, systemsandapplications, including: adaptivityandlearning;agents and multi-agent systems; argumentation; auctions; case-based reasoning; collaborative systems; data structures; distributed algorithms; formal modeling and veri cation; - netic and immune algorithms; grid computing; information extraction, annotation and integration; network and security protocols; mobile and ubiquitous computing; onto- gies and metadata; P2P computing; planning; recommender systems; rules; semantic Web; services and processes; trust and social computing;virtual organizations;wireless networks; XML technolog
"Examining reliability, availability, and risk analysis and reviewing in probability and statistics essential to understanding reliability methods, this outstanding volume describes day-to-day techniques used by practicing engineers -- discussing important reliability aspects of both components and complex systems. "
This volume offers the state-of-the-art research and developments in service science and related research, education and practice areas. It showcases emerging technology and applications in fields including healthcare, information technology, transportation, sports, logistics, and public services. Regardless of size and service, a service organization is a service system. Because of the socio-technical nature of a service system, a systems approach must be adopted to design, develop, and deliver services, aimed at meeting end users' both utilitarian and socio-psychological needs. Effective understanding of service and service systems often requires combining multiple methods to consider how interactions of people, technology, organizations, and information create value under various conditions. The papers in this volume highlight ways to approach such technical challenges in service science and are based on submissions from the 2018 INFORMS International Conference on Service Science.
This monograph provides a definitive overview of recent advances in the stability and oscillation of autonomous delay differential equations. Topics include linear and nonlinear delay and integrodifferential equations, which have potential applications to both biological and physical dynamic processes. Chapter 1 deals with an analysis of the dynamical characteristics of the delay logistic equation, and a number of techniques and results relating to stability, oscillation and comparison of scalar delay and integrodifferential equations are presented. Chapter 2 provides a tutorial-style introduction to the study of delay-induced Hopf bifurcation to periodicity and the related computations for the analysis of the stability of bifurcating periodic solutions. Chapter 3 is devoted to local analyses of nonlinear model systems and discusses many methods applicable to linear equations and their perturbations. Chapter 4 considers global convergence to equilibrium states of nonlinear systems, and includes oscillations of nonlinear systems about their equilibria. Qualitative analyses of both competitive and cooperative systems with time delays feature in both Chapters 3 and 4. Finally, Chapter 5 deals with recent developments in models of neutral differential equations and their applications to population dynamics. Each chapter concludes with a number of exercises and the overall exposition recommends this volume as a good supplementary text for graduate courses. For mathematicians whose work involves functional differential equations, and whose interest extends beyond the boundaries of linear stability analysis.
I don't know who Gigerenzer is, but he wrote something very clever that I saw quoted in a popular glossy magazine: "Evolution has tuned the way we think to frequencies of co-occurances, as with the hunter who remembers the area where he has had the most success killing game." This sanguine thought explains my obsession with the division algebras. Every effort I have ever made to connect them to physics - to the design of reality - has succeeded, with my expectations often surpassed. Doubtless this strong statement is colored by a selective memory, but the kind of game I sought, and still seek, seems to frowst about this particular watering hole in droves. I settled down there some years ago and have never feIt like Ieaving. This book is about the beasts I selected for attention (if you will, to ren der this metaphor politically correct, let's say I was a nature photographer), and the kind of tools I had to develop to get the kind of shots Iwanted (the tools that I found there were for my taste overly abstract and theoretical). Half of thisbook is about these tools, and some applications thereof that should demonstrate their power. The rest is devoted to a demonstration of the intimate connection between the mathematics of the division algebras and the Standard Model of quarks and leptons with U(l) x SU(2) x SU(3) gauge fields, and the connection of this model to lO-dimensional spacetime implied by the mathematics."
This book contains contributions from a workshop on topology and geometry of polymers, held at the IMA in June 1996, which brought together topologists, combinatorialists, theoretical physicists and polymer scientists, with a common interest in polymer topology. Polymers can be highly self-entangled even in dilute solution. In the melt the inter- and intra-chain entanglements can dominate the rheological properties of these phenomena. Although the possibility of knotting in ring polymers has been recognized for more than thirty years it is only recently that the powerful methods of algebraic topology have been used in treating models of polymers. This book contains a series of chapters which review the current state of the field and give an up to date account of what is known and perhaps more importantly, what is still unknown. The field abounds with open problems. The book is of interest to workers in polymer statistical mechanics but will also be useful as an introduction to topological methods for polymer scientists, and will introduce mathematicians to an area of science where topological approaches are making a substantial contribution.
A cutting-edge survey of formal methods directed specifically at dealing with the deep mathematical problems engendered by the study of developing systems, in particular dealing with developing phase spaces, changing components, structures and functionalities, and the problem of emergence. Several papers deal with the modelling of particular experimental situations in population biology, economics and plant and muscle developments in addition to purely theoretical approaches. Novel approaches include differential inclusions and viability theory, growth tensors, archetypal dynamics, ensembles with variable structures, and complex system models. The papers represent the work of theoreticians and experimental biologists, psychologists and economists. The areas covered embrace complex systems, the development of artificial life, mathematics, computer science, biology and psychology.
A guide to the theory and application of methods of projections. With the rise of powerful personal computers, methods of vector space projections have moved rapidly from the realm of theory into widespread use. This book reflects the growing interest in the application of these methods to problem solving in science and engineering. It brings together material previously scattered in disparate papers, book chapters, and articles, and offers a systematic treatment of vector space projections. Written by two leading authorities in the field, this self-contained volume provides a tutorial on projection methods and how to apply them in science and engineering. It details effective problem-solving strategies, and explores key applications in communication and signal processing, neural networks and pattern recognition, and optics and image processing. This book:
This extremely useful reference for practicing engineers, scientists, and educators can also be used for graduate-level study in science, mathematics, and engineering. Portions of the book have been used as material in short courses on applications of vector space projections.
This book presents fundamental concepts and seminal results to the study of vortex filaments in equilibrium. It also presents new discoveries in quasi-2D vortex structures with applications to geophysical fluid dynamics and magnetohydrodynamics in plasmas. It fills a gap in the vortex statistics literature by simplifying the mathematical introduction to this complex topic, covering numerical methods, and exploring a wide range of applications with numerous examples. The authors have produced an introduction that is clear and easy to read, leading the reader step-by-step into this topical area. Alongside the theoretical concepts and mathematical formulations, interesting applications are discussed. This combination makes the text useful for students and researchers in mathematics and physics.
This book contains selected papers from the "Fourth International Conference on Computational Methods in Marine Engineering, " held at Instituto Superior Tecnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal in September 2011. Nowadays, computational methods are an essential tool of engineering, which includes a major field of interest in marine applications, such as the maritime and offshore industries and engineering challenges related to the marine environment and renewable energies. The 2011 Conference included 8 invited plenary lectures and 86 presentations distributed through 10 thematic sessions that covered many of the most relevant topics of marine engineering today. This book contains 16 selected papers from the Conference that cover CFD for Offshore Applications, Fluid-Structure Interaction, Isogeometric Methods for Marine Engineering, Marine/Offshore Renewable Energy, Maneuvering and Seakeeping, Propulsion and Cavitation and Ship Hydrodynamics . The papers were selected with the help of the recognized experts that collaborated in the organization of the thematic sessions of the Conference, which guarantees the high quality of the papers included in this book.
Genetic algorithms provide a powerful range of methods for solving complex engineering search and optimization algorithms. Their power can also lead to difficulty for new researchers and students who wish to apply such evolution-based methods. "Applied Evolutionary Algorithms in Java" offers a practical, hands-on guide to applying such algorithms to engineering and scientific problems. The concepts are illustrated through clear examples, ranging from simple to more complex problems domains; all based on real-world industrial problems. Examples are taken from image processing, fuzzy-logic control systems, mobile robots, and telecommunication network optimization problems. The Java-based toolkit provides an easy-to-use and essential visual interface, with integrated graphing and analysis tools. Topics and features: *inclusion of a complete Java toolkit for exploring evolutionary algorithms *strong use of visualization techniques, to increase understanding *coverage of all major evolutionary algorithms in common usage *broad range of industrially based example applications *includes examples and an appendix based on fuzzy logic This book is intended for students, researchers, and professionals interested in using evolutionary algorithms in their work. No mathematics beyond basic algebra and Cartesian graphs methods are required, as the aim is to encourage applying the Java toolkit to develop the power of these techniques.
Computational modeling is emerging as a powerful new approach to study and manipulate biological systems. Multiple methods have been developed to model, visualize, and rationally alter systems at various length scales, starting from molecular modeling and design at atomic resolution to cellular pathways modeling and analysis. Higher time and length scale processes, such as molecular evolution, have also greatly benefited from new breeds of computational approaches. This book provides an overview of the established computational methods used for modeling biologically and medically relevant systems.
This book offers a compact introduction to modern linear control design. The simplified overview presented of linear time-domain methodology paves the road for the study of more advanced non-linear techniques. Only rudimentary knowledge of linear systems theory is assumed - no use of Laplace transforms or frequency design tools is required. Emphasis is placed on assumptions and logical implications, rather than abstract completeness; on interpretation and physical meaning, rather than theoretical formalism; on results and solutions, rather than derivation or solvability. The topics covered include transient performance and stabilization via state or output feedback; disturbance attenuation and robust control; regional eigenvalue assignment and constraints on input or output variables; asymptotic regulation and disturbance rejection. Lyapunov theory and Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) are discussed as key design methods. All methods are demonstrated with MATLAB to promote practical use and comprehension.
The theory of stochastic processes provides a huge arsenal of methods suitable for analyzing the influence of noise on a wide range of systems. Noise-induced, noise-supported or noise-enhanced effects sometimes offer an explanation for as yet open problems (information transmission in the nervous system and information processing in the brain, processes at the cell level, enzymatic reactions, etc.), or pave the way to novel technological applications. Noise can play a prominent role in structure formation in physics, chemistry and biology, e.g. current filaments in semiconductors, catalytic reactions on surfaces, complex dynamics of the heart, brain, or of ecosystems. The book reviews those aspects of applied stochastics addressing researchers as well as students.
Grometstein explains modern physics with enthusiasm, wit and insight. As he presents the usual milestones in the history of modern physics, his central focus is the historical debate regarding the nature of light: is it a particle or is it a wave? This book will be read by generations of students in physical science who seek a well written discussion of these important issues. Grometstein includes material which is quite recent, thus making the present volume particularly useful.
How can we solve engineering problems while taking into account data characterized by different types of measurement and estimation uncertainty: interval, probabilistic, fuzzy, etc.? This book provides a theoretical basis for arriving at such solutions, as well as case studies demonstrating how these theoretical ideas can be translated into practical applications in the geosciences, pavement engineering, etc. In all these developments, the authors' objectives were to provide accurate estimates of the resulting uncertainty; to offer solutions that require reasonably short computation times; to offer content that is accessible for engineers; and to be sufficiently general - so that readers can use the book for many different problems. The authors also describe how to make decisions under different types of uncertainty. The book offers a valuable resource for all practical engineers interested in better ways of gauging uncertainty, for students eager to learn and apply the new techniques, and for researchers interested in processing heterogeneous uncertainty.
This book presents applications to several fluid dynamics problems in both the bounded and unbounded domains in the framework of the discrete velocity models of kinetic theory. The proposition of new models for dense gases, gases with multi-components, and gases with chemical reactions are also included. This is an up-to-date book on the applications of the discrete Boltzmann equation.
The volume contains the proceedings of the OTAMP 2006 (Operator Theory, Analysis and Mathematical Physics) conference held at Lund University in June 2006. The conference was devoted to the methods of analysis and operator theory in modern mathematical physics. The following special sessions were organized during the conference: Spectral analysis of SchrAdinger operators; Jacobi and CMV matrices and orthogonal polynomials; Quasi-periodic and random SchrAdinger operators; Quantum graphs. |
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