This book presents new methods of numerical modelling of tube heat exchangers, which can be used to perform design and operation calculations of exchangers characterized by a complex flow system. It also proposes new heat transfer correlations for laminar, transition and turbulent flows. A large part of the book is devoted to experimental testing of heat exchangers, and methods for assessing the indirect measurement uncertainty are presented. Further, it describes a new method for parallel determination of the Nusselt number correlations on both sides of the tube walls based on the nonlinear least squares method and presents the application of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling to determine the air-side Nusselt number correlations. Lastly, it develops a control system based on the mathematical model of the car radiator and compares this with the digital proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. The book is intended for students, academics and researchers, as well as for designers and manufacturers of heat exchangers.

Differential-geometric methods are gaining increasing importance in the understanding of a wide range of fundamental natural phenomena. Very often, the starting point for such studies is a variational problem formulated for a convenient Lagrangian. From a formal point of view, a Lagrangian is a smooth real function defined on the total space of the tangent bundle to a manifold satisfying some regularity conditions. The main purpose of this book is to present: (a) an extensive discussion of the geometry of the total space of a vector bundle; (b) a detailed exposition of Lagrange geometry; and (c) a description of the most important applications. New methods are described for construction geometrical models for applications. The various chapters consider topics such as fibre and vector bundles, the Einstein equations, generalized Einstein--Yang--Mills equations, the geometry of the total space of a tangent bundle, Finsler and Lagrange spaces, relativistic geometrical optics, and the geometry of time-dependent Lagrangians. Prerequisites for using the book are a good foundation in general manifold theory and a general background in geometrical models in physics. For mathematical physicists and applied mathematicians interested in the theory and applications of differential-geometric methods.

For more than 250 years partial di?erential equations have been clearly the most important tool available to mankind in order to understand a large variety of phenomena, natural at ?rst and then those originating from - man activity and technological development. Mechanics, physics and their engineering applications were the ?rst to bene't from the impact of partial di?erential equations on modeling and design, but a little less than a century ago the Schr] odinger equation was the key opening the door to the application of partial di?erential equations to quantum chemistry, for small atomic and molecular systems at ?rst, but then for systems of fast growing complexity. The place of partial di?erential equations in mathematics is a very particular one: initially, the partial di?erential equations modeling natural phenomena were derived by combining calculus with physical reasoning in order to - press conservation laws and principles in partial di?erential equation form, leading to the wave equation, the heat equation, the equations of elasticity, the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations for ?uids, the Maxwell equations of electro-magnetics, etc. It is in order to solve 'constructively' the heat equation that Fourier developed the series bearing his name in the early 19th century; Fourier series (and later integrals) have played (and still play) a fundamental roleinbothpureandappliedmathematics, includingmanyareasquiteremote from partial di?erential equations. On the other hand, several areas of mathematics such as di?erential ge- etry have bene?ted from their interactions with partial di?erential equations."

For the past 25 years the theory of pseudodifferential operators has played an important role in many exciting and deep investigations into linear PDE. Over the past decade, this tool has also begun to yield interesting results in nonlinear PDE. This book is devoted to a summary and reconsideration of some used of pseudodifferential operator techniques in nonlinear PDE. The book should be of interest to graduate students, instructors, and researchers interested in partial differential equations, nonlinear analysis in classical mathematical physics and differential geometry, and in harmonic analysis.

This monograph comprehensively describes phenomena of heat flow during phase change as well as the dynamics of liquid solidification, i.e. the development of a solidified layer. The book provides the reader with basic knowledge for practical designs, as well as with equations which describe processes of energy transformation. The target audience primarily comprises researchers and experts in the field of heat flow, but the book may also be beneficial for both practicing engineers and graduate students.

Production engineering and management involve a series of planning and control activities in a production system. A production system can be as small as a shop with only one machine or as big as a global operation including many manufacturing plants, distribution centers, and retail locations in multiple continents. The product of a production system can also vary in complexity based on the material used, technology employed, etc. Every product, whether a pencil or an airplane, is produced in a system which depends on good management to be successful. Production management has been at the center of industrial engineering and management science disciplines since the industrial revolution. The tools and techniques of production management have been so successful that they have been adopted to various service industries, as well. The book is intended to be a valuable resource to undergraduate and graduate students interested in the applications of production management under fuzziness. The chapters represent all areas of production management and are organized to reflect the natural order of production management tasks. In all chapters, special attention is given to applicability and wherever possible, numerical examples are presented. While the reader is expected to have a fairly good understanding of the fuzzy logic, the book provides the necessary notation and preliminary knowledge needed in each chapter.

Vsevolod Alekseevich Solonnikov is known as one of the outstanding mathema- ciansfromtheSt.PetersburgMathematicalSchool.Hisremarkableresultsonexact estimates of solutions to boundary and initial-boundary value problems for linear elliptic, parabolic, and Stokes systems, his methods and contributions to the - vestigation of free boundary problems, in particular in ?uid mechanics, are well known to specialists all over the world. The International Conference on "Trends in Partial Di?erential Equations of th ' Mathematical Physics" was held on the occasion of his 70 birthday in Obidos (Portugal), from June 7 to 10, 2003. It was an organization of the "Centro de Matem' atica e Aplica, c" oes Fundamentais da Universidade Lisboa", in collaboration with the "Centro de Matem' atica da Universidade de Coimbra", the "Centro de Matem' atica Aplicada do IST/Universidade T' ecnica de Lisboa", the "Centro de Matem' atica da Universidade da Beira Interior",from Portugal,and with the L- oratory of Mathematical Physics of the St.Petersburg Department of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics from Russia. The conference consisted of thirty eight invited and contributed lectures and ' gathered,inthecharminganduniquemedievaltownofObidos,aboutsixtypart- ipants from ?fteen countries, namely USA, Switzerland, Spain, Russia, Portugal, Poland, Lithuania, Korea, Japan, Italy, Germany, France, Canada, Australia and Argentina.Severalcolleaguesgaveusahelpinghandintheorganizationofthec- ference. We are thankful to all of them, and in particular to Stanislav Antontsev, Anvarbek Meirmanov and Ad' elia Sequeira, that integrated also the Organizing Committee. A special acknowledgement is due to Elena Frolova that helped us in compiling the short and necessarily incomplete bio-bibliographical notes below.

Knighting in sequence biology Edward N. Trifonov Genome classification, construction of phylogenetic trees, became today a major approach in studying evolutionary relatedness of various species in their vast - versity. Although the modern genome clustering delivers the trees which are very similar to those generated by classical means, and basic terminology is the same, the phenotypic traits and habitats are not anymore the playground for the classi- cation. The sequence space is the playground now. The phenotypic traits are - placed by sequence characteristics, "words", in particular. Matter-of-factually, the phenotype and genotype merged, to confusion of both classical and modern p- logeneticists. Accordingly, a completely new vocabulary of stringology, information theory and applied mathematics took over. And a new brand of scientists emerged - those who do know the math and, simultaneously, (do?) know biology. The book is written by the authors of this new brand. There is no way to test their literacy in biology, as no biologist by training would even try to enter into the elite circle of those who masters their almost occult language. But the army of - formaticians, formal linguists, mathematicians humbly (or aggressively) longing to join modern biology, got an excellent introduction to the field of genome cl- tering, written by the team of their kin.

This book represents an extended and substantially revised version of my earlierbook, Optimal Control in Problems ofMathematical Physics, originally published in Russian in 1975. About 60% of the text has been completely revised and major additions have been included which have produced a practically new text. My aim was to modernize the presentation but also to preserve the original results, some of which are little known to a Western reader. The idea of composites, which is the core of the modern theory of optimization, was initiated in the early seventies. The reader will find here its implementation in the problem of optimal conductivity distribution in an MHD-generatorchannel flow.Sincethen it has emergedinto an extensive theory which is undergoing a continuous development. The book does not pretend to be a textbook, neither does it offer a systematic presentation of the theory. Rather, it reflects a concept which I consider as fundamental in the modern approach to optimization of dis tributed systems. Bibliographical notes, though extensive, do not pretend to be exhaustive as well. My thanks are due to ProfessorJean-Louis Armand and ProfessorWolf Stadler whose friendly assistance in translating and polishing the text was so valuable. I am indebted to Mrs. Kathleen Durand and Mrs. Colleen Lewis for the hard job of typing large portions of the manuscript."

The outcome of a close collaboration between mathematicians and mathematical physicists, these Lecture Notes present the foundations of A. Connes noncommutative geometry, as well as its applications in particular to the field of theoretical particle physics. The coherent and systematic approach makes this book useful for experienced researchers and postgraduate students alike.

The area of adaptive systems, which encompasses recursive identification, adaptive control, filtering, and signal processing, has been one of the most active areas of the past decade. Since adaptive controllers are fundamentally nonlinear controllers which are applied to nominally linear, possibly stochastic and time-varying systems, their theoretical analysis is usually very difficult. Nevertheless, over the past decade much fundamental progress has been made on some key questions concerning their stability, convergence, performance, and robustness. Moreover, adaptive controllers have been successfully employed in numerous practical applications, and have even entered the marketplace.

The theory of blood circulation is one of the oldest in science, and remains a vigorous field of study with many features that have been described in physical and mathematical terms. In Biomechanics: Circulation, Fung presents a treatment of the fundamental biomechanics of the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, using a mathematical approach to illuminate problems in experiemental design, data collection, modeling, observations, and theory. This second edition includes extensive changes incorporating major advances in hemodynamics that have occurred during the past decade. There are new chapters on coronary blood flow and skeletal muscle microcirculation. As in the first edition, Biomechanics: Circulation emphasizes the coupling of fluids and solids in the cardiovascular pulmonary systems, and consistently brings both morphology and rheology to bear on the analysis of blood flow. Numerous exercises are proposed to encourage the reader to formulate and solve problems. Together with his other two treatises on biomechanics (Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissue and Biomechanics: Motion, Flow, Stress and Growth), this book confirms that "although it is clear that Fung has made substantial contributions as a researcher...it can equally well be said that he is an exceptional teacher" (Quart. Rev. Biol.). Y.C. Fung is professor emeritus in the Department of Bioengineering at the University of California at San Diego.

Intelligent Distributed Computing - IDC Symposium Series was started as an initiative of research groups from: (i) Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, Poland and(ii)SoftwareEngineeringDepartmentoftheUniversity ofCraiova, Craiova, Romania.IDCaimsatbringingtogetherresearchersandpractitionersinvolved in all aspects of intelligent and distributed computing to allow cross-fertilization and search for synergies of ideas and to enable advancement of research in these exciting sub- elds of computer science. Intelligent Distributed Computing 2008 - IDC 2008 wasthe secondeventin thisseries. IDC2008was hostedbyDipartimentodiIngegneria Informatica e delle Telecomunicazioni, Universita di Catania, Italia during September 18-19, 2008. This book represents the peer-reviewed proceedings of the IDC 2008. We received 58submissionsfrom24countries.Each submissionwas carefullyreviewedby at least 3 membersofthe ProgramCommittee.Acceptanceandpublicationwere judgedbased on the relevanceto the symposiumthemes, clarity of presentation, originalityand accuracy of results and proposed solutions. Finally 20 regular papers and 12 short papers were selected for presentationand were includedin this volume, resultingin acceptancerates of 34.48 % for regular papers and 55.17 % for regular and short papers. The book contains also 3 invited papers authored by well-known researchers in the eld. The 35 contributions in this book address many topics related to intelligent d- tributedcomputing, systemsandapplications, including: adaptivityandlearning;agents and multi-agent systems; argumentation; auctions; case-based reasoning; collaborative systems; data structures; distributed algorithms; formal modeling and veri cation; - netic and immune algorithms; grid computing; information extraction, annotation and integration; network and security protocols; mobile and ubiquitous computing; onto- gies and metadata; P2P computing; planning; recommender systems; rules; semantic Web; services and processes; trust and social computing;virtual organizations;wireless networks; XML technolog

"Examining reliability, availability, and risk analysis and reviewing in probability and statistics essential to understanding reliability methods, this outstanding volume describes day-to-day techniques used by practicing engineers -- discussing important reliability aspects of both components and complex systems. "

This volume offers the state-of-the-art research and developments in service science and related research, education and practice areas. It showcases emerging technology and applications in fields including healthcare, information technology, transportation, sports, logistics, and public services. Regardless of size and service, a service organization is a service system. Because of the socio-technical nature of a service system, a systems approach must be adopted to design, develop, and deliver services, aimed at meeting end users' both utilitarian and socio-psychological needs. Effective understanding of service and service systems often requires combining multiple methods to consider how interactions of people, technology, organizations, and information create value under various conditions. The papers in this volume highlight ways to approach such technical challenges in service science and are based on submissions from the 2018 INFORMS International Conference on Service Science.

This monograph provides a definitive overview of recent advances in the stability and oscillation of autonomous delay differential equations. Topics include linear and nonlinear delay and integrodifferential equations, which have potential applications to both biological and physical dynamic processes. Chapter 1 deals with an analysis of the dynamical characteristics of the delay logistic equation, and a number of techniques and results relating to stability, oscillation and comparison of scalar delay and integrodifferential equations are presented. Chapter 2 provides a tutorial-style introduction to the study of delay-induced Hopf bifurcation to periodicity and the related computations for the analysis of the stability of bifurcating periodic solutions. Chapter 3 is devoted to local analyses of nonlinear model systems and discusses many methods applicable to linear equations and their perturbations. Chapter 4 considers global convergence to equilibrium states of nonlinear systems, and includes oscillations of nonlinear systems about their equilibria. Qualitative analyses of both competitive and cooperative systems with time delays feature in both Chapters 3 and 4. Finally, Chapter 5 deals with recent developments in models of neutral differential equations and their applications to population dynamics. Each chapter concludes with a number of exercises and the overall exposition recommends this volume as a good supplementary text for graduate courses. For mathematicians whose work involves functional differential equations, and whose interest extends beyond the boundaries of linear stability analysis.

This book contains contributions from a workshop on topology and geometry of polymers, held at the IMA in June 1996, which brought together topologists, combinatorialists, theoretical physicists and polymer scientists, with a common interest in polymer topology. Polymers can be highly self-entangled even in dilute solution. In the melt the inter- and intra-chain entanglements can dominate the rheological properties of these phenomena. Although the possibility of knotting in ring polymers has been recognized for more than thirty years it is only recently that the powerful methods of algebraic topology have been used in treating models of polymers. This book contains a series of chapters which review the current state of the field and give an up to date account of what is known and perhaps more importantly, what is still unknown. The field abounds with open problems. The book is of interest to workers in polymer statistical mechanics but will also be useful as an introduction to topological methods for polymer scientists, and will introduce mathematicians to an area of science where topological approaches are making a substantial contribution.

A cutting-edge survey of formal methods directed specifically at dealing with the deep mathematical problems engendered by the study of developing systems, in particular dealing with developing phase spaces, changing components, structures and functionalities, and the problem of emergence. Several papers deal with the modelling of particular experimental situations in population biology, economics and plant and muscle developments in addition to purely theoretical approaches. Novel approaches include differential inclusions and viability theory, growth tensors, archetypal dynamics, ensembles with variable structures, and complex system models. The papers represent the work of theoreticians and experimental biologists, psychologists and economists. The areas covered embrace complex systems, the development of artificial life, mathematics, computer science, biology and psychology.

A guide to the theory and application of methods of projections.

With the rise of powerful personal computers, methods of vector space projections have moved rapidly from the realm of theory into widespread use. This book reflects the growing interest in the application of these methods to problem solving in science and engineering. It brings together material previously scattered in disparate papers, book chapters, and articles, and offers a systematic treatment of vector space projections.

Written by two leading authorities in the field, this self-contained volume provides a tutorial on projection methods and how to apply them in science and engineering. It details effective problem-solving strategies, and explores key applications in communication and signal processing, neural networks and pattern recognition, and optics and image processing. This book:

• Reviews the fundamentals of vector space theory
• Covers principles and applications of vector space projections in general, and projections onto convex sets in particular
• Provides real-world examples solvable on PCs and modest workstations
• Features more than 100 illustrations
• Includes end-of-chapter exercises and references.

This extremely useful reference for practicing engineers, scientists, and educators can also be used for graduate-level study in science, mathematics, and engineering. Portions of the book have been used as material in short courses on applications of vector space projections.

This book presents fundamental concepts and seminal results to the study of vortex filaments in equilibrium. It also presents new discoveries in quasi-2D vortex structures with applications to geophysical fluid dynamics and magnetohydrodynamics in plasmas. It fills a gap in the vortex statistics literature by simplifying the mathematical introduction to this complex topic, covering numerical methods, and exploring a wide range of applications with numerous examples. The authors have produced an introduction that is clear and easy to read, leading the reader step-by-step into this topical area. Alongside the theoretical concepts and mathematical formulations, interesting applications are discussed. This combination makes the text useful for students and researchers in mathematics and physics.

This book contains selected papers from the "Fourth International Conference on Computational Methods in Marine Engineering, " held at Instituto Superior Tecnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal in September 2011.

Nowadays, computational methods are an essential tool of engineering, which includes a major field of interest in marine applications, such as the maritime and offshore industries and engineering challenges related to the marine environment and renewable energies. The 2011 Conference included 8 invited plenary lectures and 86 presentations distributed through 10 thematic sessions that covered many of the most relevant topics of marine engineering today. This book contains 16 selected papers from the Conference that cover CFD for Offshore Applications, Fluid-Structure Interaction, Isogeometric Methods for Marine Engineering, Marine/Offshore Renewable Energy, Maneuvering and Seakeeping, Propulsion and Cavitation and Ship Hydrodynamics . The papers were selected with the help of the recognized experts that collaborated in the organization of the thematic sessions of the Conference, which guarantees the high quality of the papers included in this book.

Genetic algorithms provide a powerful range of methods for solving complex engineering search and optimization algorithms. Their power can also lead to difficulty for new researchers and students who wish to apply such evolution-based methods. "Applied Evolutionary Algorithms in Java" offers a practical, hands-on guide to applying such algorithms to engineering and scientific problems. The concepts are illustrated through clear examples, ranging from simple to more complex problems domains; all based on real-world industrial problems. Examples are taken from image processing, fuzzy-logic control systems, mobile robots, and telecommunication network optimization problems. The Java-based toolkit provides an easy-to-use and essential visual interface, with integrated graphing and analysis tools. Topics and features: *inclusion of a complete Java toolkit for exploring evolutionary algorithms *strong use of visualization techniques, to increase understanding *coverage of all major evolutionary algorithms in common usage *broad range of industrially based example applications *includes examples and an appendix based on fuzzy logic This book is intended for students, researchers, and professionals interested in using evolutionary algorithms in their work. No mathematics beyond basic algebra and Cartesian graphs methods are required, as the aim is to encourage applying the Java toolkit to develop the power of these techniques.

Computational modeling is emerging as a powerful new approach to study and manipulate biological systems. Multiple methods have been developed to model, visualize, and rationally alter systems at various length scales, starting from molecular modeling and design at atomic resolution to cellular pathways modeling and analysis. Higher time and length scale processes, such as molecular evolution, have also greatly benefited from new breeds of computational approaches. This book provides an overview of the established computational methods used for modeling biologically and medically relevant systems.