The start of the 1990s saw the fall of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of Germany into one new nation that would be a formidable economic force around the world. But to many Americans educated by the news and entertainment media, the image of Germany remained a holdover from World War II and the Holocaust. When the American media were not presenting an outdated, jackbooted view of Germany, they were portraying it as a country epitomizing the world's Communist/Capitalist struggle. For three decades the American news and entertainment media presented the image of Germany as being a country hopelessly divided. Now they were faced with a new country and a new set of images to deal with just as Germany exerts itself more powerfully than ever on the world economic scene.

How much attention has this new Germany received in the American media, and how accurate are the new portrayals? Have the media images changed during the 1990s and, if so, how much and in what direction? Willis examines these issues as well as the status of international news in the American media. The result is a book of great interest to scholars, researchers, and students involved with the mass media, contemporary affairs, and European Studies.

While the 2000 presidential election had a number of unique features, including the decisive role of the Supreme Court, it actually was quite similar to three earlier television-age campaigns. For the fourth time since 1960, an incumbent president retired and his party nominated the vice president as a potential successor. The nomination of the vice president has become so commonplace that we now expect it. Unfortunately, we lack theoretical explanations of why vice presidents win nominations while often losing the general election. Dover seeks to advance this needed theory.

Dover looks at the recurring features of television-age elections with surrogate incumbents and applies them to a description of the leading events of Election 2000. The emphasis is on mediated incumbency, a phenomenon that occurs when mass media, particularly television, exert enormous influence in defining the context and meaning of politics for most voters. The first topics considered are the growth of the modern vice presidency and the nature of surrogate incumbent elections. The outcome of such elections often turns on how effectively the vice president and his opponent overcome dilemmas unique to their strategic positions as incumbent or challenger. Dover then describes the campaign from January 1999 through December 2000, from the perspective of television news media, and shows how Gore failed to overcome his dilemma during a time marked by peace and prosperity. The text is an important resource for scholars, students, and other researchers involved with American elections, political communication, and the American presidency.

The radio in Africa has shaped culture by allowing listeners to negotiate modern identities and sometimes fast-changing lifestyles. Through the medium of voice and mediated sound, listeners on the station – known as Radio Bantu, then Radio Zulu, and finally Ukhozi FM – shaped new understandings of the self, family and social roles.

Through particular genres such as radio drama, fuelled by the skills of radio actors and listeners, an array of debates, choices and mistakes were unpacked daily for decades. This was the unseen literature of the auditory, the drama of the airwaves, which at its height shaped the lives of millions of listeners in urban and rural places in South Africa. Radio became a conduit for many talents squeezed aside by apartheid repression. Besides Winnie Mahlangu and K.E. Masinga and a host of other talents opened by radio, the exiles Lewis Nkosi and Bloke Modisane made a niche and a network of identities and conversations which stretched from the heart of Harlem to the American South. Nkosi and Modisane were working respectively in BBC Radio drama and a short-lived radio transcription centre based in London which drew together the threads of activism and creativity from both Black America and the African continent at a critical moment of the late empire.

Radio Soundings is a fascinating study that shows how, throughout its history, Zulu radio has made a major impact on community, everyday life and South African popular culture, voicing a range of subjectivities which gave its listeners a place in the modern world.

This book offers a comprehensive and accessible study of the electoral strategies, governing approaches and ideological thought of the British Conservative Party from Winston Churchill to David Cameron. Timothy Heppell integrates a chronological narrative with theoretical evaluation, examining the interplay between the ideology of Conservatism and the political practice of the Conservative Party both in government and in opposition. He considers the ethos of the Party within the context of statecraft theory, looking at the art of winning elections and of governing competently. The book opens with an examination ofthe triumph and subsequent degeneration of one-nation Conservatism in the 1945 to 1965 period, and closes with an analysis of the party's re-entry into government as a coalition with the Liberal Democrats in 2010, and of the developing ideology and approach of the Cameron-led Tory party in government.

Little has been published about press organizations, and even less about women's press organizations. This book is the first to document the history of women's press organizations. In addition to rich historical accounts of some of these organizations, it also provides a picture of many of the women journalists involved in these press organizations, many of whom were leaders, both in journalism and in the social movements of their time.

This book is a description and analysis of forty women's press organizations that have been key to the development of women writers of the press since the first established organization in 1881. Each entry describes the challenges faced by women that brought about the establishment of the organization at that particular time and place, some of the women who played key roles in the group's leadership, the group' s major activities and programs and its contributions to women of the press. The main purpose of these organizations was to provide women with a place where they could discuss professional issues and career strategies at a time when they were largely excluded from or marginalized by male-dominated media institutions. However, many also reflected the interests of some of the social and political reform movements associated with the women's movements of the 19th and 20th centuries, including the woman suffrage, peace, and ERA movements. Although some of the organizations described here no longer exist, new ones have taken on the challenge, in a profession where women still do not have equity.

Kuypers charts the potential effects the printed presses and broadcast media have upon the messages of political and social leaders when they discuss controversial issues. Examining over 800 press reports on race and homosexuality from 116 different newspapers, Kuypers meticulously documents a liberal political bias in mainstream news. This book asserts that such a bias hurts the democratic process by ignoring non-mainstream left positions and vilifying many moderate and most right-leaning positions, leaving only a narrow brand of liberal thought supported by the mainstream press. This book argues that the mainstream press in America is an anti-democratic institution. By comparatively analyzing press reports, as well as the events that occasioned the coverage, Kuypers paints a detailed picture of the politics of the American press. He advances four distinct reportorial practices that inject bias into reporting, offering perspectives of particular interest to scholars, students, and others involved with mass communication, journalism, and politics in the United States.

The media industry is in transition. While some changes are readily apparent, we have not even begun to understand the impact of others. The result is one of the most fascinating times in the history of media. As digital technologies accelerate the pace of change in all facets of our lives, researchers and practitioners are exploring its impact on traditional media and social interaction. Transitioned Media brings together leading academics and media industry executives to identify and analyze the most transformative trends and issues. Themes include the effect of digital technologies on consumer behavior, new approaches to advertising and branding, social networks, the blogosphere and impact of "citizen" journalism, music and intellectual property rights, digital cinema, and video games. Underlying the chapters is an economic perspective, with an emphasis on how new business models are being developed that take the social dimensions of digital technologies into account. The result is a unique perspective on the digital media landscape and the forces that will shape it in the future.

A concise and authoritative account of the fifty-year history of Spain's state-owned news agency, this book offers an illuminating case study in press-government relations. It chronicles the development of EFE from its founding in 1938-1939, to its emergence in the 1980s as the West's fifth largest news service and the dominant communications giant in the Hispanic world. Kim examines EFE's shifting relations with successive Spanish governments. He describes its activities as a Falangist propaganda agency during the Spanish Civil War and its political functions under the Franco dictatorship during World War II and the postwar period. Changes within the agency during the transition of 1976 to 1982 are discussed, and EFE's impact on the democratization process is given detailed consideration. Among the many topics covered are EFE as a political symbol, censorship, press law, EFE finances and legal status, organizational changes, technical modernization, and relations with other news agencies. The first work to provide a definitive record of La Agencia EFE, this book contains a wealth of information on the political and social history of modern Spain, international journalism, and the modern communications industry.

In internet of things (IoT) applications, wireless connectivity is a key factor, particularly those that need to be in transition, or where wired communication is not effective or practicable. For top-notch connectivity of the Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) standard, the 900MHz frequency is generally used by most of the vendors. The radiation quality not only depends on the antenna geometry but on immediate surroundings. Additionally, the IoT product itself and the user of the product can strongly affect the resulting radiation pattern and other characteristics of the antenna. On the other hand, a suitable antenna should also have high efficiency and adequate bandwidth covering the desired frequency range. To take these effects into consideration, the whole IoT product must be included in the antenna simulations. Antenna Design for Narrowband IoT: Design, Analysis, and Applications provides the antenna design concept for narrowband internet of things applications, performs a detailed analysis of the antenna, and discusses the various antenna design concepts and structures. Covering a range of topics such as antenna design and antenna measurement systems, this book is ideal for industry professionals, research scholars, academicians, professors, and students.

This volume brings together original analyses about how the Middle East is depicted on U.S. television news. It analyzes some of the most intensely reported news stories of the past decade. Its revealing studies also show how broadcasting on Middle Ease issues has changed in recent years. These studies offer important and provocative findings regarding crucual issues in Middle East coverage.

The Global Dynamics of News is an attempt to locate the study of news-perhaps the genre best epitomizing the process of media globalization-within contemporary debate about news flow, transnational media-cultures and globalization. This book seeks to fill a considerable gap in the literature on international communication and transnational media studies, which have focused on issues of media culture, especially popular culture while leaving news underexplored. This book is the first of its kind, bringing together both theoretical essays and case studies that are informed by historical and contemporary debates about issues of media flow and media imperialism specifically, and those of media globalization generally.

Despite the fact that the public's trust in the news media is at historic lows, and despite the fact that hardly a month goes by without another report of unethical behavior by news professionals, journalism professionals and teachers remain dedicated to ethical issues--perhaps more so now than at any other time in history. News companies are developing rigorous codes of conduct; journalists and editors are vigorously reporting on ethical lapses by their peers, and many journalism schools are creating standalone courses in journalism ethics and hiring faculty members who are devoted to ethics research and instruction. This book, which is written primarily for the working (or soon-to-be-working) journalist, serves as an introduction to the underpinnings of journalism ethics, and as a guide for journalists and journalism teachers who are looking for ways to make ethical choices beyond "going with your gut." Moral Reasoning for Journalists serves the four primary constituencies of journalism ethics: working professionals, journalism students, teachers of journalism, and citizens who are concerned about the morality of the professional news media. Using more than two-dozen actual cases from around the world to examine and apply those principles of ethical journalism, Knowlton and Reader also suggest an easy-to-follow, commonsense approach to making ethical decisions in the newsroom as deadlines loom.

Since the breakup of AT&T in the early 1980s, many scholars and others have argued that telecommunications regulatory policy, especially at the state level, must change dramatically to fit new market conditions. To others, particularly state regulators, lawmakers, and smaller competitors, the proper response is one of slow, incremental change in regulatory policy. This volume explores these issues by using a unique multidisciplinary lens to focus on the problems of market power and cost allocation in long distance telecommunications markets. The contributors approach the subject from the traditional perspectives of economics and law but also incorporate developments in newer disciplines such as operations research, decision theory, policy analysis, and corporate strategy. Each section includes a series of main papers as well as critical reviews by scholars using methodologies from other disciplines. The result is an unusually comprehensive treatment of the complex regulatory issues facing the telecommunications industry today. The volume is divided into two primary sections which deal with market power and cost allocation in turn. The first part opens with a paper which examines market power from the perspective of legal analytics. Two economists then employ the methodologies of antitrust law and economics to survey the approaches of various states to the problem of identifying telecommunications market power. The third main paper in this section analyzes the market power concept from the particular economic perspective of contestable market theory. Turning to cost allocation issues, the contributors argue for the applicability to long distance markets of a new cost allocation methodology developed by NRRI for local exchange service. The topic is then approached by using a series of regulatory fables in which various possible incentive schemes are used to induce supposedly efficient behavior, with cost allocation as a resulting side issue. Each main paper is followed by one or more critical discussant papers. Finally, contributor Alfred Kahn draws on his long experience as a scholar and regulator to examine the current problems of telecommunications regulation in their historical context and to make some predictions about the future course of regulation in the industry. An important contribution to the business literature, this volume is a must acquisition for any library dealing with the telecommunication industry.

Through a long public life and short presidency, Herbert Hoover carefully cultivated reporters and media owners as he rose from a relief administrator to president of the United States. During his service to government, he held the conviction that journalists were to be manipulated and mistrusted. When the nation fell into economic disaster, Hoover's misconceptions about the press and press relations exacerbated a national calamity. This book traces the entire history of Hoover's relationship with magazines, newspapers, newsreel organizations, and radio, and demonstrates how an attitude toward the U.S. press can help or hinder a public figure throughout his career. The book draws upon diaries of Hoover aides, oral histories from journalists and other media figures, newspaper and magazine clippings, radio broadcasts, newsreels, public documents, archival manuscripts, and a plethora of published secondary books and articles. This may be the most complete and best-documented study of a single president and the media.

This work treats an important segment of international communications, a rapidly growing area of scholarly and practical interest. Rosen has brought together survey essays on the major forces in world broadcasting. The contributors are either communication scholars witnessing the industry from within the country of which they write, or are students of international communication in American universities. Each essay covers the history of radio and television, government regulation policies and issues, economic structure of the industry, broadcast reform and alternative structures, new technologies, and a forecast. The writing is concise and the material informative. "Choice"

The Basis for Goal Setting The Goal-Setting Model Performance, Rewards, and SatisfactionCulture, Power, and Goal Setting Finding the Right Organizational Fit Organizational Goal Setting Strategic Management The Strategic-Planning Process Implementation (Execution) Team GoalsTeam Characteristics Team Leadership Building Teams B Individual Goal Setting Individual Needs, Motives, and Subconscious Values Goal-Setting: A System of Inducing Commitment Guidelines for Setting Goals and Objectives Information Management and Goal Setting Information and Goal Setting: An Overview Information Management: Organizations, Teams, and Individuals Change and Goal Setting Renewal and Change Teamwork and Change Individual Empowerment Results Attaining

After the rise of the penny press in the 1830s, journalism became a target, a counterpoint, and even a model for many American writers. The first book of its kind, "Literature and Journalism in Antebellum America "explores the sibling rivalry that emerged as Poe, Thoreau, Stowe, and their contemporaries responded to newspapers, defended their own versions of the truth, and crafted "news of their own" in "Walden," "Uncle Tom's Cabin," and other works. This historical study provides fresh insights into the antebellum era while informing the current debate over stories and truths in the age of blogs, internet news, and reality television.

From the inventor of the PalmPilot comes a new and compelling theory of intelligence, brain function, and the future of intelligent machines
Jeff Hawkins, the man who created the PalmPilot, Treo smart phone, and other handheld devices, has reshaped our relationship to computers. Now he stands ready to revolutionize both neuroscience and computing in one stroke, with a new understanding of intelligence itself.
Hawkins develops a powerful theory of how the human brain works, explaining why computers are not intelligent and how, based on this new theory, we can finally build intelligent machines.
The brain is not a computer, but a memory system that stores experiences in a way that reflects the true structure of the world, remembering sequences of events and their nested relationships and making predictions based on those memories. It is this memory-prediction system that forms the basis of intelligence, perception, creativity, and even consciousness.
In an engaging style that will captivate audiences from the merely curious to the professional scientist, Hawkins shows how a clear understanding of how the brain works will make it possible for us to build intelligent machines, in silicon, that will exceed our human ability in surprising ways.
Written with acclaimed science writer Sandra Blakeslee, "On Intelligence" promises to completely transfigure the possibilities of the technology age. It is a landmark book in its scope and clarity.

This book is thorough, well organized, and useful. It establishes background on the Australian understanding of the American dream, Austalian photography, image, and subject matter, and American influence on Australian cinema. Brief chapters summarize film theory, applicable mass communication theory, and financial practices of the Australian motion picture industry. Choice . . . presents an examination of major movies made in Australia in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The author argues that part of the reason for the success of Australian cinema in recent years may lie with America's identification with a simpler culture, an almost `wild west' atmosphere. To explore his thesis the author first offers a short history of the Australian cinema, and then a theory of film as mass communication. Communication Booknotes Lewis introduces Australian films from the 1920's and 30's and then focuses on thirty films produced between 1975 and 1987. He suggests that part of the reason for Australia's film success may lie in America's identification with a simpler culture and the portrayal of wild west type territory which is often found in Australian films. He also points out that various aspects of American culture have seeped into Australian culture and now appear in their films, making them more appealing to an American audience. He concludes this insightful study with a projection analysis for the future of Australian cinema. With its up-to-date content and analytical approach, this book will be valuable to anyone concerned with mass communication and society, cinema studies, media, or U.S.-Australian relations.