Neuromuscular imaging has increasingly become an important tool in the detection and diagnosis of inherited and acquired neuromuscular disease. This book is a groundbreaking radiological and neurological overview of current methods and applications of imaging-including aspects of neuroimaging and musculoskeletal imaging-in patients with inherited, metabolic, and inflammatory muscle diseases. Imaging features are discussed in the context of clincial presentation, histopathology, therapeutic options and differential diagnosis. World leading expert contributors give a comprehensive and didactic review of neuromuscular disorders and available imaging modalities, each illustrated with numerous figures. Topics discussed include: -Modalities such as ultrasound, CT and MRI -Muscle anatomy and physiology -Clinical applications in hereditary and acquired myopathies -Clinical applications in motor neuron disorders and peripheral nerve imaging

Research into the 3D Physiological Human is a very active field focusing on the creation of patient-specific computer models for personalised healthcare. Reporting on how these models can simulate and provide a better understanding of human physiology and pathology, this book also looks at how the evolution and the improvement of technological devices such as scanners, medical instruments, and computer power have helped in our understanding of the human body and its functionalities.

The book contains contributions from leading researchers from a variety of disciplines (including computer graphics, biomechanics, knowledge representation, human-machine interfaces etc) associated with medical imaging, simulation, computer-assisted surgery and 3D semantics.

Divided into three parts: anatomical and physiological modelling, physically-based simulation, and medical analysis and knowledge management, this book provides a clear picture of the most recent advances in this increasingly important area.

Guidelines and Gamuts in Musculoskeletal Ultrasound

edited by Rethy K. Chhem, M.D., Ph.D. and Etienne Cardinal, M.D.

This practical guidebook provides an overview of the capability of musculoskeletal ultrasonography to assess disorders of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hands, hip, knee, ankle, and foot.

Each chapter provides a concise overview of anatomical structure, clinical indications, scanning techniques, and possible normal and abnormal findings. Guidelines and Gamuts in Musculoskeletal Ultrasound features a highly visual and easily accessible format that makes great use of tables, schematic diagrams, gamuts, and representative images.

Individual chapters address such topics as:

• Rotator and nonrotator cuff shoulder disorders
• Disorders of the elbow, wrist, adult hip, knee, and ankle
• Muscle and fascia
• Bone
• Soft tissue masses: an algorithmic approach
• Soft tissue masses in pediatrics.

Guidelines and Gamuts in Musculoskeletal Ultrasound is an indispensable reference for radiologists and orthopedists and will also be of interest to rheumatologists, physical therapists, and physicians in sports medicine.

This authoritative reference reviews current and emerging molecular imaging modalities that are expected to impact the detection and treatment of lung diseases in the near future-including applications in gene expression and inflammation imaging; the imaging of pulmonary cytokine regulation; the molecular imaging of angiogenesis, the airways, and lung cancer; and the imaging of cellular death and cell trafficking.

Key Features: • Features case-based scenarios in Critical Care as well as has a section on Tropical Diseases. • Appeals to a wide audience of trainees and consultants of Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine, Anaesthesiology, Pulmonary Medicine and those working in the ICU, due to its clinical relevance. • Reduces the dependency on the radiologist and help the physicians to save time which would enhance the quality of patient care.

Image-Guided Cancer Therapy: A Multidisciplinary Approach provides clinicians with in-depth coverage of the growing, dynamic field of interventional oncology. Combining the knowledge of expert editors and authors into one powerhouse reference, this book looks at tumor ablation, HIFU, embolic therapies, emerging technologies, and radiation therapy throughout the body (liver, bone, breast, gynecologic and prostate cancers, to name just a few) , and includes discussion of different imaging modalities. In the words of Peter Mueller, MD, author of the book's Foreword: "... The senior authors are all world renowned experts in interventional oncology, which is another example of the high quality authorship and experience that is brought to this book. The later chapters discuss therapies that are simply not covered in any other source. Everyone who is doing or wants to do ablation therapies and interventional oncology will face a time when they will be asked to use their expertise in less used and less investigated areas. There is nowhere else where the reader can get information on the prostate, breast, and gynecologic areas, and especially pediatrics....This book is an outstanding contribution to the literature and will become a 'must read' for all physicians who are interested in Interventional Oncology."

With 2300 radiological images dispersed throughout the text, this source provides an expansive armamentarium of case studies and examples showcasing both common and uncommon liver pathologies. Serving as an unparalleled how-to source for the investigation of liver disease by MRI, this guide demonstrates key MRI techniques currently utilized in clinical practice, as well as explains the choice of acquisition sequences, specific parameters, and the use of contrast media for each application.

Based on the National Academy of Sciences approach to quantitative risk assessment. Emphasizes how an accurate assessment of cancer risk must draw on a wide range of disciplines, such as biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, and the social sciences. Provides tables of Poisson confidence limit fa

Advances have been made in improved signal and image interpolation that derive a unified framework, thus achieving improvement of the approximation properties of the interpolation function regardless of its dimensionality or degree. Improved Signal and Image Interpolation in Biomedical Applications: The Case of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) presents a novel approach for the improvement of the approximation characteristics of interpolation functions. A unique and original resource, this book approaches both the theory and methodology absent from most publications of its kind, a valuable inclusion for those interested in exploring the innovative approach that this reference proposes.

Ultrasonic examination of the breast has been a valuable diagnostic tool for more than half a century since J.J. Wild,T. Wagai,and others ?rst used it in 1950. The ?rst Int- national Congress on the Ultrasonic Examination of the Breast (ICUEB) was convened in Philadelphia in 1979 by Goldberg (United States),Wells (United Kingdom),Wagai (Japan),Kobayashi (Japan),and Kossoff (Australia). Further congresses in the series have taken place every other year to discuss related theoretical and clinical discov- ies. These meetings led to the founding of the International Association for Breast Ultrasound (IABU) in 1991, and have contributed to improving ultrasonic exami- tion techniques and the associated medical bene?ts. The 13th ICUEB was held in Kyoto,Japan,in April 2003. International events at that time-the military operations in Iraq and the SARS outbreaks in several countries- threatened attendance; however,only one oral presentation and one poster presen- tion had to be canceled,and an impressive 98% of our schedule proceeded as planned. Over the three days of the congress, participants made signi?cant contributions through presentations and discussions, and we moved closer to a global mutual understanding.

Imagining the Elephant is a biography of Allan MacLeod Cormack, a physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1979 for his pioneering contributions to the development of the computer-assisted tomography (CAT) scanner, an honor he shared with Godfrey Hounsfield. A modest genius who was also a dedicated family man, the book is a celebration of Cormack's life and work. It begins with his ancestral roots in the far north of Scotland, and then chronicles his birth and early years in South Africa, his education at the University of Cape Town (UCT) and Cambridge University, and his subsequent academic appointments at UCT and Tufts University in Boston, USA. It details his discovery of the problem at Cape Town in 1956, traces his scientific footsteps all the way to Stockholm in December 1979, and then extends the odyssey to his pursuits beyond the Nobel Prize.

Image registration is the process of systematically placing separate images in a common frame of reference so that the information they contain can be optimally integrated or compared. This is becoming the central tool for image analysis, understanding, and visualization in both medical and scientific applications. Medical Image Registration provides the first comprehensive coverage of this emerging field. This monograph details the theory, technology, and practical implementations in a variety of medical settings. International experts thoroughly explain why image registration is important, describe its applications in a nonmathematical way, and include rigorous analysis for those who plan to implement algorithms themselves. It is accessible and informative to those new to the field, yet it provides in-depth treatment for the expert. With its practical examples, extensive illustrations, and comprehensible approach, Medical Image Registration is a must have guide for medical physicists, clinicians, and researchers.

Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) is well established in clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of a wide array of cardiovascular diseases. This expertly written source offers a wealth of information on the application and performance of CMR for diagnosis and evaluation of treatment.

A detailed compilation of the latest research and recommendations for the diagnosis and assessment of esophageal disorders, this reference delves into a wide range of applications and technologies currently utilized in the field including radiology, endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography, manometry, ambulatory manometry, pH testing, catheter-free pH testing, bilitec monitoring, and impedance plethysmography.

This book is a guide for the constantly growing community of the users of medical thermal imaging. It describes where and how an infrared equipment can be used in a strictly standardised way and how one can ultimately comprehensively report the findings. Due to their insight into the complex mechanisms behind the distribution of surface temperature, future users of medical thermal imaging should be able to provide careful, and cautious, interpretations of infrared thermograms, thus avoiding the pitfalls of the past. The authors are well-known pioneers of the technique of infrared imaging in medicine who have combined strict standard-based evaluation of medical thermal images with their expertise in clinical medicine and related fields of health management.

Revising for the final FRCR examination is a challenging task. The candidate has to balance their revision time between image interpretation practice, learning facts and refining presentation skills. Whilst it is better to gain an understanding of the underlying mechanisms that result in a radiological abnormality, it is an unavoidable truth that some things just have to be rote learned. This revision guide demonstrates a proven mechanism for organising thoughts, directing revision towards the more important diagnoses and providing clarity when confronted with the mountain of information expected to retained and recalled during the FRCR viva exam. Mnemonics typically uses word-based cues to enhance memory, reduce cognitive load and aid learning. This guide relies on acronyms and acrostics - proven to be highly effective for rote learning and focused revision. FRCR examination candidates will appreciate the unified structure throughout, with extensive use of sample images followed by sets of differential diagnoses and mnemonic listings. For each stem of the mnemonic, the main radiological findings and useful distinguishing features are listed and a model answer is given. A short discussion of the main diagnoses follows, increasing comprehension and aiding examination confidence.

Appraising cancer as a major medical market in the 2010s, Wall Street investors placed their bets on single-technology treatment facilities costing $100-$300 million each. Critics inside medicine called the widely-publicized proton-center boom "crazy medicine and unsustainable public policy." There was no valid evidence, they claimed, that proton beams were more effective than less costly alternatives. But developers expected insurance to cover their centers' staggeringly high costs and debts. Was speculation like this new to health care? Cancer, Radiation Therapy, and the Market shows how the radiation therapy specialty in the United States (later called radiation oncology) coevolved with its device industry throughout the twentieth-century. Academic engineers and physicians acquired financing to develop increasingly powerful radiation devices, initiated companies to manufacture the devices competitively, and designed hospital and freestanding procedure units to utilize them. In the process, they incorporated market strategies into medical organization and practice. Although palliative benefits and striking tumor reductions fueled hopes of curing cancer, scientific research all too often found serious patient harm and disappointing beneficial impact on cancer survival. This thoroughly documented and provocative inquiry concludes that public health policy needs to re-evaluate market-driven high-tech medicine and build evidence-based health care systems.

This scholarly set of well-harmonized volumes provides indispensable and complete coverage of the exciting and evolving subject of medical imaging systems. Leading experts on the international scene tackle the latest cutting-edge techniques and technologies in an in-depth but eminently clear and readable approach. Complementing and intersecting one another, each volume offers a comprehensive treatment of substantive importance to the subject areas. The chapters, in turn, address topics in a self-contained manner with authoritative introductions, useful summaries, and detailed reference lists. Extensively well-illustrated with figures throughout, the five volumes as a whole achieve a unique depth and breath of coverage. As a cohesive whole or independent of one another, the volumes may be acquired as a set or individually.

On-treatment verification imaging has developed rapidly in recent years and is now at the heart of image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) and all aspects of radiotherapy planning and treatment delivery. This is the first book dedicated to just this important topic, which is written in an accessible manner for undergraduate and graduate therapeutic radiography (radiation therapist) students and trainee medical physicists and clinicians. The later sections of the book will also help established medical physicists, therapeutic radiographers, and radiation therapists familiarise themselves with developing and cutting-edge techniques in IGRT. Features: Clinically focused and internationally applicable; covering a wide range of topics related to on-treatment verification imaging for the study of IGRT Accompanied by a library of electronic teaching and assessment resources for further learning and understanding Authored by experts in the field with over 18 years' experience of pioneering the original forms of on-treatment verification imaging in radiotherapy (electronic portal imaging) in clinical practice, as well as substantial experience of teaching the techniques to trainees

Kinematic MRI refers to imaging a joint through a range of motion to examine the interactions between the soft tissue and osseous anatomy that comprise the joint. Kinematic MRI techniques were developed because various pathologic conditions are dependent on the specific position of the joint or in response to loading or stress. Importantly, static-view MRI examinations often miss abnormal findings because the joint is not assessed through a range of motion. Accordingly, the functional information obtained using kinematic MRI frequently serves to identify the underlying abnormality or to supplement the information acquired with standard MR imaging techniques. Kinematic MRI of the Joints is the first textbook on this important, emerging clinical MRI application. For each joint, it presents pertinent functional anatomy, kinesiology, and clinical information; describes the kinematic MRI protocol and technique; explains the normal kinematics; and provides a thorough presentation of the pathokinematics. Multiple case examples illustrate the usefulness of kinematic MRI of the joints for diagnosis or elucidation of pathologic conditions. Each section of this book is co-authored by an leading musculoskeletal radiologist orthopedic surgeon as well as by an academic-based physical therapist/biomechanist.

Goals of the Book Overthelast thirty yearsthere has been arevolutionindiagnostic radiology as a result oftheemergenceofcomputerized tomography (CT), which is the process of obtaining the density distribution within the human body from multiple x-ray projections. Since an enormous variety of possible density values may occur in the body, a large number of projections are necessary to ensure the accurate reconstruction oftheir distribution. There are other situations in which we desire to reconstruct an object from its projections, but in which we know that the object to be recon structed has only a small number of possible values. For example, a large fraction of objects scanned in industrial CT (for the purpose of nonde structive testing or reverse engineering) are made of a single material and so the ideal reconstruction should contain only two values: zero for air and the value associated with the material composing the object. Similar as sumptions may even be made for some specific medical applications; for example, in angiography ofthe heart chambers the value is either zero (in dicating the absence of dye) or the value associated with the dye in the chamber. Another example arises in the electron microscopy of biological macromolecules, where we may assume that the object to be reconstructed is composed of ice, protein, and RNA. One can also apply electron mi croscopy to determine the presenceor absence ofatoms in crystallinestruc tures, which is again a two-valued situation."

This book is about pulse nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), with its techniques, the information to be obtained, and practical advice on performing experiments. The emphasis is on the motivation and physical ideas underlying NMR experiments and the actual techniques, including the hardware used. The level is generally suitable for those to whom pulse NMR is a new technique, be they students in chemistry or physics on the one hand and research workers in biology, geology, or agriculture, on the other. The book can be used for a senior or first year graduate course where it could supplement the standard NMR texts.

This book provides structured up-to-date information on all routine protocols used for multislice (multidetector row) CT. The volume contains a detailed technical section and covers the prevailing investigations of the brain, neck, lungs and chest, abdomen with parenchymal organs and gastrointestinal tract, the musculoskeletal system and CTA as well as dedicated protocols for the heart. Separate chapters address the how-to of CT-guided interventions such as punctures, drainages, and therapeutic approaches. Each protocol is displayed en bloc, enabling rapid appreciation of indications and the necessary scanner settings.

The second edition includes contributions by renowned experts in the field, who not only provide their clinical experience on each topic, but also give guidelines for indications, workflow, postprocessing and reconstruction algorithms.

This book explores the physics of CT dosimetry and provides practical guidance on best practice for medical researchers and practitioners. A rigorous description of the basic physics of CT dosimetry is presented and illustrates flaws of the current methodology. It also contains helpful (and rigorous) shortcuts to reduce the measurement workload for medical physicists. The mathematical rigor is accompanied by easily-understood physical explanations and numerous illustrative figures. Features: Authored by a recognised expert in the field and award-winning teacher Includes derivations for tube current modulation and variable pitch as well as stationary table techniques Explores abnormalities present in dose-tracking software based on CTDI and presents methods to correct them

This practical, two volume handbook provides a critical look at state-of -the-art ultrasound techniques and equipment. It is a comprehensive reference with numerous black/white and color ultrasonograms, tables and graphs. The volumes include extensive literature citations which assist the investigator in finding more in-depth references. This work focuses on the recent remarkable expansion in both diagnostic techniques and clinical applications. It reports findings based on an unusually large patient population over al long time period. It presents the accuracy and limitations of various aspects of ultrasound.