Interaction of Radiation with Matter focuses on the physics of the interactions of ionizing radiation in living matter and the Monte Carlo simulation of radiation tracks. Clearly progressing from an elementary level to the state of the art, the text explores the classical physics of track description as well as modern aspects based on condensed matter physics. The first section of the book discusses the fundamentals of the radiation field. In the second section, the authors describe the cross sections for electrons and heavy ions-the most important information needed for simulating radiation track at the molecular level. The third section details the inelastic scattering and energy loss of charged particles in condensed media, particularly liquid water. The final section contains a large number of questions and problems to reinforce learning. Designed for radiation interaction courses, this textbook is the ideal platform for teaching students in medical/health physics and nuclear engineering. It gives students a solid grounding in the physical understanding of radiation track structure in living matter, enabling them to pursue further work in radiological physics and radiation dosimetry.

This timely overview of dose, benefit, and risk in medical imaging explains to readers how to apply this information for informed decision-making that improves patient outcomes. The chapters cover patient and physician perspectives, referral guidelines, appropriateness criteria, and quantifying medical imaging benefits. The authors have included essential discussion about radiologic physics in medical imaging, fundamentals of dose and image quality, risk assessment, and techniques for optimization and dose reduction. The book highlights practical implementation aspects with useful case studies and checklists for treatment planning. Clinicians, students, residents, and professionals in medical physics, biomedical engineering, radiology, oncology, and allied disciplines will find this book an essential resource with the following key features: Discusses risk, benefit, dose optimization, safety, regulation, radiological protection, and shared & informed decision-making. Covers regulatory oversight by government agencies, manufacturers, and societies. Highlights best practices for improving patient safety and outcomes. Gives guidelines on doses associated with specific procedures.

This issue of Neuroimaging Clinics of North America focuses on Magnetoencephalography (MEG), and is edited by Drs. Roland Lee and Mingxiong Huang. Articles will include: MEG signal processing, forward modeling, MEG inverse source imaging, and Coherence analysis; Magnetoencephalography for pre-surgical functional mapping; Magnetoencephalography for mild TBI and PTSD; Magnetoencephalography for autism; Magnetoencephalography for schizophrenia; Magnetoencephalography for Alzheimer's disease; Pediatric Magnetoencephalography; The MEG Measurement Techniques; MEG and Language/Linguistics; MEG for Epilepsy; Integration of MEG results into the patient workup - Merging multiple modalities; and more!

This book begins with the basic terms and definitions and takes a student, step by step, through all areas of medical physics. The book covers radiation therapy, diagnostic radiology, dosimetry, radiation shielding, and nuclear medicine, all at a level suitable for undergraduates. This title not only describes the basics concepts of the field, but also emphasizes numerical and mathematical problems and examples. Students will find An Introduction to Medical Physics to be an indispensible resource in preparations for further graduate studies in the field.

With a large volume of ultrasound images and teaching videos, Pleural Ultrasound for Clinicians: A Text and E-book is a print and interactive digital resource that provides practical guidance for all those undertaking pleural ultrasound investigations and procedures. With clear, precise instructions for clinical practice, it will help clinicians: Recognise normal anatomy as well as common pleural pathologies Perfect techniques for ultrasound-guided pleural procedures Learn how to choose the correct ultrasound equipment for their department Test their knowledge through the self-assessment and revision sections

This book provides a detailed overview on the use of global optimization and parallel computing in microwave tomography techniques. The book focuses on techniques that are based on global optimization and electromagnetic numerical methods. The authors provide parallelization techniques on homogeneous and heterogeneous computing architectures on high performance and general purpose futuristic computers. The book also discusses the multi-level optimization technique, hybrid genetic algorithm and its application in breast cancer imaging.

This practical guide is a comprehensive reference of cases with FDG images obtained on dedicated PET tomographs and hybrid scintillation gamma cameras. Dr. Dominique Delbeke and her collegues at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, along with recognized international experts, provide the reader with in-depth coverage on all aspects of FDG imaging. Unique to this book is the up-to-date coverage on both the technical and clinical aspects of FDG imaging and its cases of those malignancies practitioners are likey to encounter in their daily practice. The text also presents normal and physiologic interpretation of FDG imaging, related pitfalls in imaging interpretation, and the role of FDG imaging in different types of body tumors. Enhanced with over 300 FDG images, this book will serve as an excellent stand-alone guide for nuclear medicine physicians, radiologists, oncologists, and residents in their practice of clinical PET.

Authored by a leading educator, this book teaches the fundamental mathematics and physics concepts associated with medical imaging systems. Going beyond mere description of imaging modalities, this book delves into the mechanisms of image formation and image quality common to all imaging systems: contrast mechanisms, noise, and spatial and temporal resolution, making it an important reference for medical physicists and biomedical engineering students. This is an extensively revised new edition of The Physics of Medical X-Ray Imaging by Bruce Hasegawa (Medical Physics Publishing, 1991), and includes a wide range of modalities such as X-ray CT, MRI and SPECT.

This textbook, intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, is an introduction to the physical and mathematical principles used in clinical medical imaging. The first two chapters introduce basic concepts and useful terms used in medical imaging and the tools implemented in image reconstruction, while the following chapters cover an array of topics such as physics of x-rays and their implementation in planar and computed tomography (CT) imaging; nuclear medicine imaging and the methods of forming functional planar and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images and Clinical imaging using positron emitters as radiotracers. The book also discusses the principles of MRI pulse sequencing and signal generation, gradient fields, and the methodologies implemented for image formation, form flow imaging and magnetic resonance angiography and the basic physics of acoustic waves, the different acquisition modes used in medical ultrasound, and the methodologies implemented for image formation and flow imaging using the Doppler Effect. By the end of the book, readers will know what is expected from a medical image, will comprehend the issues involved in producing and assessing the quality of a medical image, will be able to conceptually implement this knowledge in the development of a new imaging modality, and will be able to write basic algorithms for image reconstruction. Knowledge of calculus, linear algebra, regular and partial differential equations, and a familiarity with the Fourier transform and it applications is expected, along with fluency with computer programming. The book contains exercises, homework problems, and sample exam questions that are exemplary of the main concepts and formulae students would encounter in a clinical setting.

For every physician that interprets ECGs, there is great need to understand a vast amount of information regarding the technique. That the basics of the technique have changed little over the last 100 years means that there is a huge amount of subtle detail that must be learnt to enable its effective use as a diagnostic test. The ECG technique is critical for deciding upon further diagnostic procedures and therapeutic interventions (notably coronary angiography, PTCA, stenting, coronary artery bypass grafting, pacemaker insertion, ablation, electroconversion etc). Without attaining the skills to practice the ECG procedure and knowledge of its diagnostic value - skills often overlooked during medical training - physicians will be unlikely to use it to the benefit of their patients.

The only case-based guide to electromyography-back in a fully revised and updated New Edition! This practical resource examines how to approach, diagnose, and manage the most commonly encoun-tered disorders in the EMG laboratory. Based on actual cases, it correlates patient history, physical exam, EMG findings, relevant anatomy, treatment, and follow-up to help readers sharpen their clinical problem-solving skills. New cases have been added, and every case includes the latest advances in knowledge and technique. Features study questions, answers, and clinical discussions of how experts manage cases to help readers work through the problems presented. Summarizes the results of nerve conduction studies and EMG data with standardized tables. Includes more than 200 relevant imaging studies and anatomic figures. Makes information easy to find with a uniform chapter organization. Offers a consistent approach to electromyography based on Dr. Katirji's broad knowledge and clinical experience. 7 new case studies, including Hereditary Neuropathy with Liability to Pressure Palsy, Ischemic Monomelic Neuropathy, and Myotonic Dystrophy. Three new chapters on Nerve Conduction Studies, Needle EMG Examination, and Specialized Procedures. Many new and revised figures that clarify complex information.

This volume gathers papers presented at the Workshop on Computational Diffusion MRI (CDMRI'18), which was held under the auspices of the International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention in Granada, Spain on September 20, 2018. It presents the latest developments in the highly active and rapidly growing field of diffusion MRI. The reader will find papers on a broad range of topics, from the mathematical foundations of the diffusion process and signal generation, to new computational methods and estimation techniques for the in-vivo recovery of microstructural and connectivity features, as well as harmonisation and frontline applications in research and clinical practice. The respective papers constitute invited works from high-profile researchers with a specific focus on three topics that are now gaining momentum within the diffusion MRI community: i) machine learning for diffusion MRI; ii) diffusion MRI outside the brain (e.g. in the placenta); and iii) diffusion MRI for multimodal imaging. The book shares new perspectives on the latest research challenges for those currently working in the field, but also offers a valuable starting point for anyone interested in learning computational techniques in diffusion MRI. It includes rigorous mathematical derivations, a wealth of full-colour visualisations, and clinically relevant results. As such, it will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in the fields of computer science, MRI physics and applied mathematics alike.

Divided roughly into two sections, this book provides a brief history of the development of ECG along with heart rate variability (HRV) algorithms and the engineering innovations over the last decade in this area. It reviews clinical research, presents an overview of the clinical field, and the importance of heart rate variability in diagnosis. The book then discusses the use of particular ECG and HRV algorithms in the context of clinical applications.

This graduate level textbook provides a coherent introduction to the body of main-stream algorithms used in electromagnetic brain imaging, with specific emphasis on novel Bayesian algorithms. It helps readers to more easily understand literature in biomedical engineering and related fields and be ready to pursue research in either the engineering or the neuroscientific aspects of electromagnetic brain imaging. This textbook will not only appeal to graduate students but all scientists and engineers engaged in research on electromagnetic brain imaging.

Research into the 3D Physiological Human is a very active field focusing on the creation of patient-specific computer models for personalised healthcare. Reporting on how these models can simulate and provide a better understanding of human physiology and pathology, this book also looks at how the evolution and the improvement of technological devices such as scanners, medical instruments, and computer power have helped in our understanding of the human body and its functionalities.

The book contains contributions from leading researchers from a variety of disciplines (including computer graphics, biomechanics, knowledge representation, human-machine interfaces etc) associated with medical imaging, simulation, computer-assisted surgery and 3D semantics.

Divided into three parts: anatomical and physiological modelling, physically-based simulation, and medical analysis and knowledge management, this book provides a clear picture of the most recent advances in this increasingly important area.

This issue of PET Clinics focuses on FDG-PET/CT Imaging in Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders, and is edited by Drs. Soren Hess and Lars Gormsen. Articles will include: Patient preparation and patient related challenges in infectious/inflammatory disease; Systemic infections (Fever/bacteremia of unknown origin, immunocompromised patients); Infections in bone and prosthetic joints; The infected heart; Inflammatory bowel disease; Pulmonary inflammatory diseases (sarcoidosis including cardiac and COPD); Infection and inflammation imaging: Beyond FDG; Polymyalgia rheumatica; Low grade inflammation; Large vessel vasculitis; Tuberculosis; and more!

This book is a guide to the use of Monte Carlo techniques in radiation transport. This topic is of great interest for medical physicists. Praised as a "gold standard" for accurate radiotherapy dose calculations, Monte Carlo has stimulated a high level of research activity that has produced thousands of papers within the past few years. The book is designed primarily to address the needs of an academically inclined medical physicist who wishes to learn the technique, as well as experienced users of standard Monte Carlo codes who wish to gain insight into the underlying mathematics of Monte Carlo algorithms. The book focuses on the fundamentals-giving full attention to and explaining the very basic concepts. It also includes advanced topics and covers recent advances such as transport of charged particles in magnetic fields and the grid-based solvers of the Boltzmann equation.

Guidelines and Gamuts in Musculoskeletal Ultrasound

edited by Rethy K. Chhem, M.D., Ph.D. and Etienne Cardinal, M.D.

This practical guidebook provides an overview of the capability of musculoskeletal ultrasonography to assess disorders of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hands, hip, knee, ankle, and foot.

Each chapter provides a concise overview of anatomical structure, clinical indications, scanning techniques, and possible normal and abnormal findings. Guidelines and Gamuts in Musculoskeletal Ultrasound features a highly visual and easily accessible format that makes great use of tables, schematic diagrams, gamuts, and representative images.

Individual chapters address such topics as:

• Rotator and nonrotator cuff shoulder disorders
• Disorders of the elbow, wrist, adult hip, knee, and ankle
• Muscle and fascia
• Bone
• Soft tissue masses: an algorithmic approach
• Soft tissue masses in pediatrics.

Guidelines and Gamuts in Musculoskeletal Ultrasound is an indispensable reference for radiologists and orthopedists and will also be of interest to rheumatologists, physical therapists, and physicians in sports medicine.

Based on the National Academy of Sciences approach to quantitative risk assessment. Emphasizes how an accurate assessment of cancer risk must draw on a wide range of disciplines, such as biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, and the social sciences. Provides tables of Poisson confidence limit fa

A comprehensive survey of the use of ultrasound in management of infertile patients is presented in this publication. Particular atten-tion is given to recently developed techniques such as assessment of endometrial changes, ovarian blood flow measurements, and per-cutaneous oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization. The very re-cent technique of transvaginal sonography is presented and richly illus-trated with original results obtained in biopsy-guided oocyte re-trieval, and in the precise delineation of follicle size and number for infertility treatment. Guidance in the interpretation of ultrasonic findings, which include potential limitations and pitfalls, is provided in each chapter. Researchers and practitioners interested in the management of infertile patients will find this volume indispensable.

Neuromuscular imaging has increasingly become an important tool in the detection and diagnosis of inherited and acquired neuromuscular disease. This book is a groundbreaking radiological and neurological overview of current methods and applications of imaging-including aspects of neuroimaging and musculoskeletal imaging-in patients with inherited, metabolic, and inflammatory muscle diseases. Imaging features are discussed in the context of clincial presentation, histopathology, therapeutic options and differential diagnosis. World leading expert contributors give a comprehensive and didactic review of neuromuscular disorders and available imaging modalities, each illustrated with numerous figures. Topics discussed include: -Modalities such as ultrasound, CT and MRI -Muscle anatomy and physiology -Clinical applications in hereditary and acquired myopathies -Clinical applications in motor neuron disorders and peripheral nerve imaging

Image registration is the process of systematically placing separate images in a common frame of reference so that the information they contain can be optimally integrated or compared. This is becoming the central tool for image analysis, understanding, and visualization in both medical and scientific applications. Medical Image Registration provides the first comprehensive coverage of this emerging field. This monograph details the theory, technology, and practical implementations in a variety of medical settings. International experts thoroughly explain why image registration is important, describe its applications in a nonmathematical way, and include rigorous analysis for those who plan to implement algorithms themselves. It is accessible and informative to those new to the field, yet it provides in-depth treatment for the expert. With its practical examples, extensive illustrations, and comprehensible approach, Medical Image Registration is a must have guide for medical physicists, clinicians, and researchers.

Advances have been made in improved signal and image interpolation that derive a unified framework, thus achieving improvement of the approximation properties of the interpolation function regardless of its dimensionality or degree. Improved Signal and Image Interpolation in Biomedical Applications: The Case of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) presents a novel approach for the improvement of the approximation characteristics of interpolation functions. A unique and original resource, this book approaches both the theory and methodology absent from most publications of its kind, a valuable inclusion for those interested in exploring the innovative approach that this reference proposes.

This book is a guide for the constantly growing community of the users of medical thermal imaging. It describes where and how an infrared equipment can be used in a strictly standardised way and how one can ultimately comprehensively report the findings. Due to their insight into the complex mechanisms behind the distribution of surface temperature, future users of medical thermal imaging should be able to provide careful, and cautious, interpretations of infrared thermograms, thus avoiding the pitfalls of the past. The authors are well-known pioneers of the technique of infrared imaging in medicine who have combined strict standard-based evaluation of medical thermal images with their expertise in clinical medicine and related fields of health management.

Over the last decade, some of the greatest achievements in the field of neuroimaging have been related to remarkable advances in magnetic resonance techniques, including diffusion, perfusion, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and functional MRI. Such techniques have provided valuable insights into tissue microstructure, microvasculature, metabolism and brain connectivity. Previously available mostly in research environments, these techniques are now becoming part of everyday clinical practice in a plethora of clinical MR systems. Nevertheless, despite growing interest and wider acceptance, there remains a lack of a comprehensive body of knowledge on the subject, exploring the intrinsic complexity and physical difficulty of the techniques. This book focuses on the basic principles and theories of diffusion, perfusion, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and functional MRI. It also explores their clinical applications and places emphasis on the associated artifacts and pitfalls with a comprehensive and didactic approach. This book aims to bridge the gap between research applications and clinical practice. It will serve as an educational manual for neuroimaging researchers and radiologists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, and physicists with an interest in advanced MR techniques. It will also be a useful reference text for experienced clinical scientists who wish to optimize their multi-parametric imaging approach.