Radioactive waste (above all highly radioactive wastes from nuclear installations) caused by research, medicine and technology must be disposed of safely. However both the strategies disputed for the disposal of radioactive waste as well as concrete proposals for choosing a location for final waste disposal are highly debatable.
An appropriate disposal must conform to both complex, technical requirements and fulfill the radio-biological conditions to appropriately protect man and nature. Ethical, legal and social conditions must also be considered. An interdisciplinary team from various, relevant fields compiled the current status-quo and developed criteria and strategies, which on the one hand meet the requirements of optimal warning and prevention of risk for present and future generations, and additionally on the other hand meet the needs of what current society agrees what is expected to be allowed.
This study can be understood as an advanced and continuing contribution to the corresponding scientific specialized debates, due to its interdisciplinary treatment. At the same time it serves as a fundamentally informing contribution to public and political debates, offering an easily comprehensible executive summary and precise content recommendations.

Advances in Light Water Reactor Technologies focuses on the design and analysis of advanced nuclear power reactors. This volume provides readers with thorough descriptions of the general characteristics of various advanced light water reactors currently being developed worldwide. Safety, design, development and maintenance of these reactors is the main focus, with key technologies like full MOX core design, next-generation digital I&C systems and seismic design and evaluation described at length. This book is ideal for researchers and engineers working in nuclear power that are interested in learning the fundamentals of advanced light water plants.

One of the most fundamental problems in elementary particle physics is the study of the interaction of the pion meson with nucleons. It is believed that the pion meson plays a fundamental role in the description of nuclear forces and it is important, therefore, to understand the interaction of these particles. The primary method of gaining information on this interaction is through scattering experiments, and this book is concerned primarily with studies of pion-nucleon scattering at high energies. Originally published in 1969. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Control of nuclear material comprises the administrative and technical measures applied to ensure that nuclear material is not misused or removed from its assigned location without approval and/or without proper accounting. This publication, which builds upon the Implementing Guide IAEA Nuclear Security Series No.25-G , focuses on the control of nuclear material during storage, use and movement using a facility's nuclear material accounting and control (NMAC) system. It describes practical measures for controlling nuclear material for nuclear security purposes during all activities at a facility, including movements, and how to use a graded approach in applying such measures. The technical guidance provided is targeted at States and their competent authorities on how to use individual elements of the NMAC system, but will be also useful for persons responsible for designing, operating and assessing nuclear security systems, physical protection of nuclear facilities, nuclear security management, operators and managers of NMAC systems; as well as for those preparing associated regulations; and persons responsible for computer security at nuclear facilities.

This open access book is a pedagogical text on nuclear reactor experiments, covering almost all the experiments that can be carried out at the University Training Reactor, Kindai University (UTR-KINKI) with respect to reactor physics and radiation detection, and additionally including academic materials of test and research reactors, nuclear instrumentation, nuclear laws and regulations, in this main body. The book is an excellent primer for students who are interested in reactor physics, radiation detection, nuclear laws and regulations at universities, and the best textbook for students who have started to study the nuclear energy related fields to understand the basic theories and principles of the experiments in the fields of reactor physics and radiation detection. UTR-KINKI has been used for educational reactor experiments and basic research in a wide range of fields related to the use of radiation (neutrons, gamma-ray, beta-ray, alpha-ray, and X-ray), including reactor physics, radiation detection, radiation health physics, activation analysis, radiation biology, medical applications and archaeology. Also, UTR-KINKI has been actively engaged in nuclear education with its long history of operation, and has gained extensive experience in educational activities for undergraduate and graduate students, elementary, junior high and high school teachers, junior high and high school students, and general audiences.

Indem wir Energie verbrauchen, wandeln wir sie in Nutzenergie um. Damit erfullen wir Energiedienstleistungen" etwa die Beheizung oder Beleuchtung von Raumen. Gegliedert nach verschiedenen Energiedienstleistungen stellen die Autoren die physikalisch-technischen Gesetzmassigkeiten dar. Hierbei zeigt sich, welche quantitative Bedeutung einzelne Energieverbrauchsbereiche haben und welche Moglichkeiten es gibt, Energie rationeller zu nutzen. Fur Ingenieure in der Energieversorgung und beratung sowie Studierende der Energietechnik und -wirtschaft."

Nuclear Energy: An Introduction to the Concepts, Systems, and Applications of Nuclear Processes, Eighth Edition, provides essential information on basic nuclear physics, systems and the applications of nuclear energy. It comprehensively covers Basic Concepts, Radiation and Its Uses, and Nuclear Power, providing students with a broad view of nuclear energy and science in a fast-paced format that features updated, timely content on topics of new and growing importance to current and future nuclear professionals, such as tritium-powered betavoltaic integrated circuit chips, the modulation of radioactive decay constant due to solar activity, Monte Carlo radiation transport calculations and accelerator-driven systems. This book is an essential resource for any first course on nuclear energy and systems.

Fusion: The Search For Endless Energy is the story of the international race to build an atomic fusion reactor and of the fraternity of scientists whose mission to create safe, clean, inexhaustible energy from the elements of seawater, transcended political boundaries. These scientists included such greats as Andrei Sakharov and Edward Teller. The book abounds with fascinating anecdotes about fusion's rocky path: the spurious claim by Argentine dictator Juan Peron in 1951 that his nation had built a working fusion reactor; the rush by the United States to drop secrecy and publicize its fusion work as a propaganda offensive after the Russian success with Sputnik; the fortune the Penthouse magazine publisher Bob Guccione sank into an unconventional fusion device; the skepticism that met an assertion by two University of Utah chemists in 1989 that they had created "cold fusion" in a bottle. Aimed at a general audience, the book describes the scientific basis of controlled fusion--the fusing of atomic nuclei, under conditions hotter than the sun, to release energy. Using personal recollections of scientists involved, the book traces the history of this little known international race that began during the Cold War in secret laboratories in the U.S., Great Britain, and the Soviet Union, and evolved into an astonishingly open collaboration between East and West.

This book is aimed at scientists and engineers wanting to use radioisotopes and the emitted ionising radiations competently but without seeking expertise. It describes decay and stability criteria, necessary precautions to ensure radiation protection and the detection of alpha, beta and gamma rays including spectrometry. There are comments on calorimetry, liquid scintillation counting, how to use secondary standard instruments, high resolution detectors and how to calculate counting results estimating uncertainties and allowing for the statistics of radionuclide decays. The book's principal purpose is to encourage radionuclide applications which can be done safely, reliably and accurately. It describes industrial and scientific applications of alpha, beta, and gamma rays, neutrons and high energy radiations. This book will be of particular interest to scientists and technologists, teachers and students, helping them to work with radioisotopes safely, efficiently and reliably.

This book provides a comprehensive yet accessible overview of all relevant topics in the field of radiation protection (health physics). The text is organized to introduce the reader to basic principles of radiation emission and propagation, to review current knowledge and historical aspects of the biological effects of radiation, and to cover important operational topics such as radiation shielding and dosimetry. The author 's website contains materials for instructors including PowerPoint slides for lectures and worked-out solutions to end-of-chapter exercises. The book serves as an essential handbook for practicing health physics professionals.

Synthesizing the theoretical and experimental advances in pion-nucleon interactions over approximately the last twelve years, the authors offer here a timely account of the hadronic interactions of pions and nucleons and of the structure of nucleons. Because of the hadronic SU3 symmetry, the book also treats the structure of baryons in general, and so contains much material external to the specific field of pion-nucleon interactions. Thus the book's subject can be stated as the hadronic structure of baryons as illustrated particularly by pion-nucleon interaction. Following an introductory discussion of isotopic spin, the authors proceed to chapters that treat low energy pion scattering by nucleons and the photoproduction of pions; forward and fixed momentum transfer dispersion relations; analytic properties of scattering amplitudes; formation of nucleon resonances; symmetries and classification of particles and resonances; current algebra, sum rules, and superconvergence relations; scattering at higher energies; pion-nucleon dynamics; pion-nucleon inelastic scattering; and the form factors of the nucleon and the pion. Each chapter is followed by abundant references to the original literature. The level of the writing is suitable for students at the graduate level, and the presentation is even and self-contained. On balance, the authors have prepared a useful consolidation and review of this difficult and changing area of investigation. Originally published in 1973. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Reliability and Probabilistic Safety Assessment in Multi-Unit Nuclear Power Plants presents the risk contributions from single and multi-unit Nuclear Power Plants to help aggregate the risks that may arise due to applicable hazards and operating states. The book combines the key features of multi-unit risk assessment in one resource, reviewing the practices adopted in various countries around the globe to exemplify the dependencies between units on a site. These dependencies include multi-unit interactions, environmental stresses, the sharing of systems, and the sharing of human resource in a control room, factors which can all introduce an increase potential for heightened accident conditions. This book helps readers systematically identify events and evaluate techniques of possible accident outcomes within multi-units. It serves as a ready reference for PSA analysts in identifying a suitable site and the sharing of resources, while carrying out multi-unit risk assessments to ensure the safety of the public and the environment. It will also be valuable for nuclear researchers, designers and regulators of nuclear power plants, nuclear regulatory agencies, PSA engineers and practicing safety professionals.

This Safety Guide provides recommendations on meeting the requirements of IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSR-2/1 (Rev. 1) relevant to reactor containment and associated systems. The publication addresses the containment structure and the systems with the functions of isolation, control and management of mass and energy releases, control and limitation of radioactive releases, and control and management of combustible gases. The Safety Guide is intended for use primarily for land based, stationary nuclear power plants with water cooled reactors designed for electricity generation or for other heat generating applications, such as for district heating or desalination.

This publication addresses costs arising during individual phases of an environmental remediation project, how they can be calculated, and how they can be structured and documented. It provides the methodology of cost estimation and includes examples of cost estimate models, development plans, cost elements and work breakdown structures. The guide also contains an overview of potentially suitable remediation technologies, which may help the reader to structure the options study.

This is a paperback edition of Professor Walker's full-scale examination of the German efforts to harness the economic, military and political power of nuclear fission between 1939 and 1949. It argues that the German decision not to attempt the production of nuclear weapons during World War II came as a result of economic and political developments, not scientific or moral considerations, and was at the time a perfectly reasonable policy. Professor Walker also places nuclear fission research in the contexts of the war effort and German cultural imperialism, including the plunder and exploitation of "Greater Germany," the German slave labor economy, and the ambivalent interaction between the Nazi party and the German physicists.

The book begins at the height of the Empire, and carries the story through to the founding of the two postwar republics in order to emphasize continuity before and after the Third Reich, and to compare the scientists' activity during the war and after the shock of Hiroshima and the Nuremberg trials. Throughout, Professor Walker explains clearly, in terms that the non-specialist can understand, what was involved in the Germans' quest, and in what ways the German scientists succeeded or failed in the development of "the bomb."

Boiling Water Reactors, Volume Four in the JSME Series on Thermal and Nuclear Power Generation compiles the latest research in this very comprehensive reference that begins with an analysis of the history of BWR development and then moves through BWR plant design and innovations. The reader is guided through considerations for all BWR plant features and systems, including reactor internals, safety systems and plant instrumentation and control. Thermal-hydraulic aspects within a BWR core are analyzed alongside fuel analysis before comparisons of the latest BWR plant life management and maintenance technologies to promote safety and radiation protection practices are covered. The book's authors combine their in-depth knowledge and depth of experience in the field to analyze innovations and Next Generation BWRs, considering prospects for a variety of different BWRs, such as High-Conversion-BWRs, TRU-Burner Reactors and Economic Simplified BWRs.

This publication presents a systematic approach to establishing and operating a national nuclear security support centre (NSSC) as a means to strengthen the sustainability of nuclear security in a State. It provides specific practical guidance to States, detailing a straightforward decision making and project management process drawn from good practices in establishing and operating an NSSC that were identified through the experience and lessons learned from States within the NSSC Network. The publication, which is a revision of TECDOC-1734, is intended for use by the IAEA and the NSSC Network as the primary reference for activities to support States with the establishment and operation of an NSSC.

This publication provides detailed guidance with regard to the identification of vital areas at nuclear facilities. It presents a structured approach to identifying those areas that contain equipment, systems and components to be protected against sabotage. The process for selection of a specific set of vital areas to be protected is based on consideration of the potential radiological consequences of sabotage, and on the design, operational and safety features of a nuclear facility. The method builds upon safety analysis to develop logic models for sabotage scenarios that could cause unacceptable radiological consequences. The sabotage actions represented in the logic models are linked to the areas from which they can be accomplished. The logic models are then analysed to determine areas that should be protected to prevent these unacceptable radiological consequences. The publication is part of a set of supporting publications in the IAEA Nuclear Security Series with the aim of assisting States in the design, implementation and evaluation of their physical protection systems for nuclear material and nuclear facilities.

Wahrend der letzten 20 Jahre hat die Hochenergiephysik dramatische neue Erkenntnisse tiber das elementare Verhalten von Materie gewonnen. Die Entdeckung der Unsymmetrie der Natur unter Spiegelung und Zeitumkehr hat jahrhundertealte Denkgewohnheiten in Frage gestellt. Neue Qualitaten der Materie, die man "Seltsamkeit" und "Charme" nennt, wurden entdeckt. Unter den Namen "Quarkmodell" und "Charme" beginnt sich eine neue Substruktur der Materie abzuzeichnen, wonach die bisherigen elementaren Kernbausteine Proton und Neutron in "Wirklichkeit" als komplexe Gebilde verstanden werden miissen. Eine weitere Umwalzung kiindigt sich bei der schwachen Wechselwir kung an, wo man, gesttitzt auf die Entdeckung der neutralen schwachen Strome, hoffen kann, eine Briicke zwischen elektromagnetischer und schwacher Wechselwirkung zu schlagen. Das Buch mochte in diese Dinge einflihren und den zum Verstandnis notigen Unterbau vermitteln, wobei Grundkenntnisse der Atom- und Kernphysik sowie der Quanten mechanik vorausgesetzt werden. Es ist bestimmt fUr Studierende der Physik und enthalt etwa den Stoff einer Einflihrungsvorlesung in die Hochenergiephysik. Weiterhin ist es gedacht flir Physiker, die sich als Nichtspezialisten einen Einblick in dieses Gebiet ver schaffen mochten. Das erste Kapitel enthiilt einen Oberblick tiber das ganze Gebiet. Die drei folgenden Kapitel vertiefen die im ersten Kapitel behandelten Dinge. Der Charakter einer kurz gehaltenen Einflihrung bringt es mit sich, dall. der Spezialist einige ihm liebe Themen verrnissen wird, wie Regge-Pole, Dispersionsbeziehungen, Dualitat, Statistisches Modell. Dazu findet man in der ausflihrlichen Literatur sehr gute Einflihrungen. Teile der 1. Auflage des Buches entstanden wahrend eines Aufenthalts am Kernfor schungszentrum CERN in Genf, dessen anregender Atmosphare ich viel verdanke."

Resonance Self-Shielding Calculation Methods in Nuclear Reactors presents the latest progress in resonance self-shielding methods for both deterministic and Mote Carlo methods, including key advances over the last decade such as high-fidelity resonance treatment, resonance interference effect and multi-group equivalence. As the demand for high-fidelity resonance self-shielding treatment is increasing due to the rapid development of advanced nuclear reactor concepts and progression in high performance computational technologies, this practical book guides students and professionals in nuclear engineering and technology through various methods with proven high precision and efficiency.

Fast Reactors: A Solution to Fight Against Global Warming presents the current status of fast-reactor nuclear generation technology, with a focus on ecology and sustainability benefits for the future. Author Joel Guidez analyzes past failures and limited deployment reasons to help drive this power generation method forward to a cleaner and more sustainable energy environment. The book covers safety aspects, short-life waste management, multirecycling, and biodiversity preservation to provide a well-rounded reference on the topic.

Obwohl die kulturelle und okonomische Bedeutung von Wissen schaft, die zu einem der grossten institutionellen Komplexe moderner Gesellschaften geworden ist, ausser Frage steht, konstatierte Barnes noch 1972, dass eine systematische Untersuchung der Beziehungen zwischen Wissenschaft und 1 Gesellschaft nicht vorliegt. ) Daranhat sich bis heute im Grunde nichts geandert. Unubersehbar ist jedoch das immer starkere Interesse im vergangenen Jahrzehnt an wissenschaftssoziologischen Frage stellungen, die die wissenschaftsinternen Strukturen thema tisieren. Ebenfalls nicht zu ubersehen sind die verstarkten Anstrengungen, der Komplexitat des Gegenstandes durch eine multi- oder interdisziplinar konzipierte "Wissenschafts wissenschaft" gerecht zu werden. Dabei gehen die wesentlichen Impulse von Kuhn aus, der die Meinung vertritt, dass Wissenschaftssoziologie und Wissen schaftswissenschaft "bei richtiger Auffassung beider Ge biete" weitgehend identisch sein mussten und der der Sozio logie explizit das Primat in einer Analyse der Entwicklung 2 der Wissenschaft zugeschrieben hat. ) Herausfordernd sind solche Aussagen vor allem, wenn man sich die gangigen Kon zeptionen derjenigen Disziplinen vergegenwartigt, die tra ditionellerweise den Fortschritt und die Entwicklung von Wissenschaft thematisierten, der Wissenschaftsgeschichte und der Wissenschaftsphilosophie, insbesondere des ein flussreichen "Kritischen Rationalismus." Beiden gemeinsam ist die Vorstellung einer eigenstandigen Entwicklung von Wissenschaft. Diese Konzeption verbietet geradezu eine soziologische Analyse der internen Entwick lungsstruktur von Wissenschaft. 1) Barnes, B., Sociology of Science, Harmondsworth 1972, s. 9 2) Kuhn, T.S., Postscript-1969, in: Weingart, P., (Hrsg.), Wissenschaftssoziologie 1, a.a.O., S. 288 (im folg. zit."