Handbook of Occupational Therapy for Adults With Physical Disabilities by Drs. William Sit and Marsha Neville provides quick and essential information for occupational therapists that are new to the adult practice setting. This handbook is primarily organized by body system into six sections: - Occupational performance as a whole - Central nervous system - Peripheral nervous system, cranial nerves, and sensory system - Musculoskeletal system - Cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, and integumentary systems - Endocrine, digestive, urinary, and reproductive system At the beginning of each section, you will find a case study based on clinical experience that embodies the chapter subject. Within each section information is broken down into important aspects of the evaluation process, and then followed by the implications of each system on occupational therapy intervention. Handbook of Occupational Therapy for Adults With Physical Disabilities also includes a summary chart where readers can quickly and easily find the purpose, context, form, cost, and contact information for each assessment. Handbook of Occupational Therapy for Adults With Physical Disabilities is ideal for occupational therapy students, recent graduates, and practitioners who are newly entering an adult physical disability practice setting.

Music therapy is the use of music to address non-musical goals. More and more parents and professionals are finding that music can break down barriers for children with autism in areas such as cognition, communication, and socialization. While music therapists are experienced professionals who create unique interventions, many of the principles of music therapy can be implemented by other therapists, teachers, and parents - even by people who do not consider themselves musical! This book explains how to use the many elements of music to foster communication, and teaches you how to adapt music to meet a child's needs. Visual aids and already-written songs will get you started!

Learn Role Development techniques to provide more effective therapy to schizophrenic clients Occupational Therapy in Forensic Psychiatry: Role Development and Schizophrenia presents a set of guidelines for clinical practice in Role Development. Role Development is a treatment intervention designed to assist individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia in developing social roles, task skills, and interpersonal skills. The book provides concrete, practical suggestions for using Role Develpoment with clients. These guidelines are thoroughly described as are methods for implementing treatment. With the resources provided in Occupational Therapy in Forensic Psychiatry, OT clinicians will have the tools and information to understand Role Development, to conduct evaluations, and to plan and implement treatment using the set of guidelines. The book describes a reseach study from a maximum-security psychiatric facility. Participants in the study had an extensive psychiatric history as well as criminal charges. Most no longer had active social roles but viewed their roles as patient or inmate. The intervention, Role Development, was successful in assisting them to develop roles such as worker, student, friend, and group member. Despite their very difficult life circumstances and serious mental illness, the participants responded very positively and demonstrated a willingness and ability to develop social roles, and the skills that are the foundation to the roles. Tables and figures highlight the results of the study. In Occupational Therapy in Forensic Psychiatry, you'll find: a set of guidelines for practicing Role Development a research study documenting the effectiveness of Role Development tables and figures highlighting the results of the research study practical tools, resources, and methods to implement Role Development case studies demonstrating the application of Role Development and much more Occupational Therapy in Forensic Psychiatry is a comprehensive resource for OT clinicians and students. It provides the direction needed for health care practitioners to learn Role Development techniques. Clinicians who work with clients diagnosed with schizophrenia or other forms of severe and persistent mental illness can use the information in this book to provide effective treatment to their clients.

Designed to assist health professionals with the transition from a clinical role to a faculty role, Clinical Practice to Academia: A Guide for New and Aspiring Health Professions Faculty provides a comprehensive overview of higher education for new and aspiring faculty across health professions including occupational therapy, physical therapy, athletic training, nursing, speech therapy, clinical and diagnostic sciences, and pharmacy. This practical guide explores the complexities of the faculty role and includes specific strategies related to teaching and learning in the health professions. Written by Dr. Crystal A. Gateley PhD, OTR/L, Clinical Practice to Academia includes an overview of the issues most impacting academics today. Chapters are placed within the context of current health care and higher education settings. Conceptual foundations of teaching and learning are reviewed, and specific strategies for classroom instruction are provided. The text also includes suggestions for ongoing professional development through the first few years and beyond. Unique aspects of Clinical Practice to Academia include: Introduction to institutional differences that affect faculty roles Focus on the first few years of an academic career Recommendations for exploring campus and professional resources Overview of today's college students Self-directed learning activities in each chapter for further exploration of topics With practical advice that can be tailored to unique faculty roles, Clinical Practice to Academia: A Guide for New and Aspiring Health Professions Faculty is a must-have for any health care professionals who are moving into academia.

Help children to stay on top of "big" feelings like anger, sadness and anxiety with this ingeniously easy-to-use therapy toolkit. Focusing on making therapy for children both purposeful and playful, the book provides 47 activities to transform your sessions using everyday materials and a variety of tried-and-tested therapy models. The authors deliver sage advice on how to work with children, adapting your approach for different age groups and judging how and when to involve parents and teachers. The handy reference table allows you to quickly fish out the perfect activity for the moment, according to the emotion the child is experiencing, or the therapeutic method needed. With its winning mix of creative resources and clinical expertise, all wrapped up in a simple and practical format, this is the ideal companion for both new and experienced therapists working with children aged 4-12.

Complementary Health Approaches for Occupational Therapists provides practitioners and students with foundational knowledge on complementary and integrative health. This guide is a great asset for occupational therapy students at the graduate level and practicing therapists wanting to incorporate these modalities into their treatment or to gain information regarding new trends in practice. Written by Brittany Ferri, MS, OTR/L, CCTP, this text enhances one's occupational therapy education as it pertains to treatment addressing occupational performance. Introductory information is provided on more than 30 complementary and alternative modalities, including acupuncture, aquatic therapy, massage therapy, and tai chi. In Complementary Health Approaches for Occupational Therapists, each modality's chapter includes: Basic guidelines for established complementary and alternative modalities that can be used in practice Literature reviews of the scientific benefits or lack thereof Credentials needed to practice, when applicable Contraindications, precautions, and side effects Practical applications in occupational therapy practice New modalities are constantly generating within occupational therapy. Complementary Health Approaches for Occupational Therapists will help differentiate between new modalities while also encouraging therapists to remain true to the roots of their profession in research and best practice.

There is nothing prescriptive about Acceptance and Commitment Therapy or Art Therapy. Both involve the client and the therapist cultivating creativity and psychological flexibility by letting go of limited, constricted, or habitual ways of thinking and being. This leads us to think, create, respond, and behave in ways of our choosing, bringing richness and renewed meaning to our lives. Through this work you will be able to apply ACT-informed art therapy to your practice. Art activities both illustrate the concepts and exist as stand-alone interventions to heighten creative potential and mindful attention to the present moment. ACT is effective when treating psychological difficulties such as depression, anxiety, OCD and psychosis. Readers will develop a meaningful context for understanding how ACT and art therapy align to creatively achieve positive outcomes for you and your clients.

This book is about redefining the value to health of creativity. Creativity derives from biological changes during human evolution as a tool that is needed for survival. The successful use of creativity generates feelings of pleasure and self-esteem that are beneficial to health. In particular, it can help depression. Current values do not give adequate importance to creativity, and the author challenges these values in this book.

The book contains contributed chapters on a theory of creativity as an innate capacity, the therapeutic benefits of creativity, factors that encourage or inhibit creativity and current research on these, and accounts of creativity both as individual projects and as groupwork.

The Routledge Companion to Interdisciplinary Studies in Singing, Volume III: Wellbeing explores the connections between singing and health, promoting the power of singing-in public policy and in practice-in confronting health challenges across the lifespan. These chapters shape an interdisciplinary research agenda that advances singing's theoretical, empirical, and applied contributions, providing methodologies that reflect individual and cultural diversities. Contributors assess the current state of knowledge and present opportunities for discovery in three parts: Singing and Health Singing and Cultural Understanding Singing and Intergenerational Understanding In 2009, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada funded a seven-year major collaborative research initiative known as Advancing Interdisciplinary Research in Singing (AIRS). Together, global researchers from a broad range of disciplines addressed three challenging questions: How does singing develop in every human being? How should singing be taught and used to teach? How does singing impact wellbeing? Across three volumes, The Routledge Companion to Interdisciplinary Studies in Singing consolidates the findings of each of these three questions, defining the current state of theory and research in the field. Volume III: Wellbeing focuses on this third question and the health benefits of singing, singing praises for its effects on wellbeing.

Trauma in the Creative and Embodied Therapies is a cross-professional book looking at current approaches to working therapeutically and socially with trauma in a creative and embodied way. The book pays attention to different kinds of trauma - environmental, sociopolitical, early relational, abuse in its many forms, and the trauma of illness - with contributions from international experts, drawn from the fields of the arts therapies, the embodied psychotherapies, as well as nature-based therapy and Playback Theatre. The book is divided into three sections: the first section takes into consideration the wider sociopolitical perspective of trauma and the power of community engagement. In the second section, there are numerous clinical approaches to working with trauma, whether with individuals or groups, highlighting the importance of creative and embodied approaches. In the third section, the focus shifts from client work to the impact of trauma on the practitioner, team, and supervisor, and the importance of creative self-care and reflection in managing this challenging field. This book will be useful for all those working in the field of trauma, whether as clinicians, artists, or social workers.

Most chronically and terminally ill patients are cared for in their own homes by family and friends, rather than in hospitals or hospices. These carers are an invaluable free resource and there is an increasing amount of research into their role and the experiences in caring for the terminally ill, patients with cancer and patients with other chronic diseases. This book provides a critique of the theoretical concept of caring, carers and caregivers. Material is based on empirical evidence from recent studies with adults with acquired chronic illnesses, including terminal illness. The empirical data within the book has been gathered from the perspective of those providing personal, domestic or emotional care to others already known to them by virtue of kinship, co-habitation or friendship, rather than carers organised on a professional or voluntary basis. This new evidence is used to make suggestions about possible ways forward within health and social care practice. Students in the fields of health and social care as well as in social sciences undertaking courses with a health focus, practitioners and researchers in palliative care and all those involved in health services provision for the chronically ill will find this book extremely valuable. Other books published by OUP: Palliative care in the home, Derek Doyle & David Jeffrey Integrated cancer care - holistic, complementary and creative approaches, Jennifer Barraclough

Child-Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT), grounded in the attitudes and principles of Child-Centered Play Therapy (CCPT), is based on the belief that a parent acting as an agent for change in place of a play therapist has potential for significant and lasting therapeutic gains. This newly expanded and revised edition of Child-Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT) describes training objectives, essential skills and concepts taught in each session, as well as the format for supervising parents' play sessions. Transcripts of actual sessions demonstrate process and content in the 10 CPRT training sessions. Research demonstrating the effectiveness of CPRT on child and parent outcomes is presented in support of CPRT's designation as an evidence-based treatment model. This second edition is updated to include six new chapters exploring the topics of cultural considerations for working with ethnically and racially diverse families, neuroscience support for CPRT, and adaptions for specific populations including parents of toddlers, parents of preadolescents, adoptive families, and the teacher/student relationship. The authors' expertise and experience results in a book that is essential reading for both students and professionals. By using this text and the accompanying treatment manual, filial therapists will have a complete package for training parents in the CPRT model. This newly expanded and revised edition of the Child-Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT) Treatment Manual is the essential companion to the second edition of Child-Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT). The second edition is updated to include four new CPRT treatment protocols and parent notebooks adapted for specific populations: parents of toddlers, parents of preadolescents, adoptive families, and the teacher/student relationship, along with the revised original CPRT protocol and parent notebook for ages 3 10. This manual provides the CPRT/filial therapist a comprehensive framework for conducting CPRT. Included are detailed outlines, teaching aides, activities, and resources for each of the 10 sessions. The manual is divided into two major sections, Therapist Protocol and Parent Notebook, and contains a comprehensive CPRT Training Resources section along with an index to the accompanying Companion Website. The accompanying Companion Website contains all necessary and supplemental training materials in a format that allows for ease of reproduction and enhanced usability including the following: CPRT Protocol-Ages 3 to 10 and Parent Notebook Toddler Adapted CPRT Protocol and Parent Notebook Preadolescent Adapted CPRT Protocol and Parent Notebook Adoptive Families Adapted CPRT Protocol and Parent Notebook Teacher/Student Adapted Protocol and Teacher Notebook Therapist Study Guide Training Resources, Teaching Aides and Supplemental Materials Marketing Materials Assessments Drawing on their extensive experience as professional play therapists and filial therapists, Bratton and Landreth apply the principles of CCPT and CPRT in this easy-to-follow protocol for practitioners to successfully implement the evidence-based CPRT model. By using this manual and the accompanying Companion Website in conjunction with the CPRT text, filial therapists will have a complete package for training parents in CCPT skills to act as therapeutic agents with their own children.

Infant Play Therapy is a groundbreaking resource for practitioners interested in the varied play therapy theories, models, and programs available for the unique developmental needs of infants and children under the age of three. The impressive list of expert contributors in the fields of play therapy and infant mental health cover a wide range of early intervention play-based models and topics. Chapters explore areas including: neurobiology, developmental trauma, parent-infant attachment relationships, neurosensory play, affective touch, grief and loss, perinatal depression, adoption, autism, domestic violence, sociocultural factors, and more. Chapter case studies highlight leading approaches and offer techniques to provide a comprehensive understanding of both play therapy and the ways we understand and recognize the therapeutic role of play with infants. In these pages professionals and students alike will find valuable clinical resources to bring healing to family systems with young children.

This book examines opportunities and obstacles in achieving the digital inclusion of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It addresses basic requirements of the digital society and the concepts of digital inclusion (and exclusion), digital participation, and the disability digital divide as well as support for individuals with autism in co-creating digital devices. The book discusses the application of digital technologies across different contexts, including education, leisure activities, community life, daily living skills, and employment of individuals with autism.Featured areas of coverage include: Computer-based interventions for speech development, social communication, executive functions, and other skills in children with autism. Digital health intervention for persons with ASD. Risks for persons with ASD on the Internet (e.g., excessive use, addictive behavior, and cyberbullying). Digital technology use in simulating job interviews, and teaching work skills. Digital technology use in self-advocacy activities of individuals with autism. Digital Inclusion of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder is an essential reference for researchers, professors, graduate students, clinicians and related therapists and professionals in clinical child and school psychology, social work, behavioral therapy/rehabilitation, pediatrics, physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech and language therapy, neurology, special education, child and adolescent psychiatry, and developmental psychology.

Occupational Therapy and Inclusive Design provides occupational therapy practitioners and students with the ability to confidently problem solve, clinically reason and make sound professional judgements regarding the suitability of products/artefacts and environments for their clients.
The relevance of design concepts to Occupational Therapy are illustrated in a broad context with reference to the folklore of disability and disability discourse, the profession's philosophy, conceptual models of practice, relevant legislation and review of Health and Social Care discourse. Ergonomic tools and techniques for practice are reviewed and related to the seven principles of Universal Design. Case scenarios are presented and illustrated with pictures and drawings to guide the reader through the inclusive design process as it relates to occupational therapists in a variety of settings.
Additionally, the book aims to give a voice to occupational therapists as specifiers of equipment, property adaptations and increasingly, as advisors to new dwelling and other building projects, with the aim of influencing manufacturers and building agencies in the adoption of inclusive design principles at the product/building design phase. This publication's unique focus is to present an integrated account of the relevant policy supporting service provision, in conjunction with core Occupational Therapy philosophy and the application of principles of Universal Design to case scenarios.

Arts Therapies in the Treatment of Depression is a comprehensive compilation of expert knowledge on arts therapies' potential in successfully addressing depression. The book identifies ways of addressing the condition in therapy sessions, shares experience of tools and approaches which seem to work best and guides towards a conscious and confident evidence-based practice. Including contributions from international experts in the field of arts therapies, the book presents some of the most recent, high-profile and methodologically diverse research, whether in the form of clinical trials, surveys or case studies. The three sections of this volume correspond to particular life stages and explore major topics in arts therapies practice and the nature of depression in children, adults and in later life. Individual chapters within the three sections represent all four arts therapies disciplines. The book hopes to improve existing arts therapies practice and research, by encouraging researchers to use creativity in designing meaningful research projects and empowering practitioners to use evidence creatively for the benefit of their clients and the discipline. Arts Therapies in the Treatment of Depression is an essential resource for arts therapies researchers, practitioners and arts therapists in training. It should also be of interest to other health researchers and health professionals, particularly those who work with clients experiencing depression and in multidisciplinary teams.

Using Art Media in Psychotherapy makes a thoughtful and contextual argument for using graphic art materials in psychotherapy, providing historical context for art materials and their uses and incorporating them with contemporary practices and theories. Written with an analytic focus, many of the psychological references nod to Jung and post-Jungian thought with keen attention to image and to symbolic function. This book jettisons the idea of reductionist, cookbook approaches and instead provides an integrated and contextual understanding of the origins of each art form as well as an insightful use for each in its application in mental health healing practices. Using Art Media in Psychotherapy gives clinicians and students alike the tools they need to offer psychologically minded and clinically astute choices that honor their clients.

Music, whether performed or heard, has been seen as therapeutic in the history of many cultures. How have its therapeutic properties been conceptualized and explained? Which cultures have used music therapy? What were their aims and techniques, and how much continuity is there between ancient, medieval and modern practice? These are the questions addressed by the essays in this volume. They focus on the place of music therapy in European intellectual, medical and musical traditions, from their classical roots to the development of the music therapy profession since the Second World War. Chapters covering the Judaic, Islamic, Indian and South-East Asian traditions add global, comparative perspectives. Music as Medicine is the first book to establish the whole shape of the history of music therapy in a systematic and scholarly way. It addresses the problem of defining what music therapy has meant in different cultures and periods, and sets the agenda for future research in the subject. It will appeal to a diverse readership of historians, musicologists, anthropologists, and practitioners.

Art Therapy Practices for Resilient Youth highlights the paradigm shift to treating children and adolescents as "at-promise" rather than "at-risk." By utilizing a strength-based model that moves in opposition to pathology, this volume presents a client-allied modality wherein youth are given the opportunity to express emotions that can be difficult to convey using words. Working internationally with diverse groups of young people grappling with various forms of trauma, 30 contributing therapists share their processes, informed by current understandings of neurobiology, attachment theory, and developmental psychology. In addition to guiding principles and real-world examples, also included are practical directives, strategies, and applications. Together, this compilation highlights the promise of healing through the creative arts in the face of oppression.

The stories and reflections in this book describe powerful encounters between nine music therapists and their clients. These clients include four-year-old Giorgios, who is terminally ill; Wendy, a passionate, battered child who has been rejected by her mother; Olive, suffering from senile dementia; Martha, whose successful life is in crisis; and Steve, who is living with HIV/AIDS. Through music therapy the clients - and therapists - discover their creativity, and, in the process, come to terms with suffering. The stories reveal the passion and integrity of nine music therapists who themselves undergo profound changes as a result of their work. Music Therapy - Intimate Notes is a practical and inspiring introduction to music therapy, showing its range of possibilities in various settings. The book provides a lively and informal theoretical foundation, and connects music to our intimate lives.

This second edition of Low Vision Rehabilitation: A Practical Guide for Occupational Therapists provides current, evidence-based information on low vision rehabilitation that contains several new and expanded chapters on ADLs, IADLs, and recreation, as well as new online resources and the latest in accessibility devices. Low vision rehabilitation is rapidly growing as a specialty practice for occupational therapists. This growth requires practical, evidence-based information on the evaluation and treatment of the effects of low vision on occupational performance. Responding to this need, Low Vision Rehabilitation: A Practical Guide for Occupational Therapists, Second Edition blends standards of practice that have been developed for over 50 years by low vision therapists and optometrists, with the latest scientific research and the unique perspective of occupational therapists. This text presents a new standard of low vision rehabilitation in which occupational therapists practice as part of a team of vision rehabilitation professionals serving patients with low vision. Authors Stephen Whittaker, a low vision researcher, certified low vision therapist and occupational therapist, Mitchell Scheiman, an optometrist and researcher, and Debra Sokol-McKay, an occupational therapist with specialty certification in low vision as well as certification as a low vision therapist, vision rehabilitation therapist and diabetes educator, have carefully selected evidence-based evaluations and treatments that focus on clinical practicality and meaningful occupational goals in all patients from children to older adults. New to the Second Edition: A focus on occupational performance using "whatever works," whether visual, non-visual, or a combination of these different devices and adaptive techniques The "EPIC" Framework, a general strategy to organize a treatment plan for daily activities using visual and non-visual techniques Access to a companion website designed as a handy clinical reference, with solutions to clinical problems easily searchable and cross-linked to related content The "Success-Oriented Approach" to interventions based on the most recent research on cognitive disability and depression associated with low vision Applications of the latest electronic accessibility devices including smartphones, tablets, and magnifiers that read aloud Incorporates the AADE (TM) 7 Self-Care Behavior framework of the American Association of Diabetes Educators Incorporates concepts from the latest edition of the AOTA Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process Instructors in educational settings can visit www.efacultylounge.com for additional materials to be used for teaching in the classroom. Features Included: Recommended practical evaluation and treatment methods such as a 1 hour evaluation protocol, how to write observable and measurable goals and document outcomes, and specific instructions on how to implement treatments Prepares therapists for the ACVREP certification as a low vision therapist or vision rehabilitation or AOTA specialty certification in low vision Emphasizes intervention and low vision rehabilitation treatment including: modification of the environment adaptive visual and non-visual techniques selection and use of non-optical assistive devices selection and use of electronic and optical devices and use of computer technology including smartphones and tablets Comprehensive case studies on vision impairment resulting from eye disease to head injury and more Provides valuable information on how to start an independent practice in low vision rehabilitation Includes a chapter on diabetes management Low Vision Rehabilitation: A Practical Guide for Occupational Therapists, Second Edition employs an interdisciplinary perspective that is unique, practical, and credible and will benefit Occupational Therapy and Occupational Therapy Assistant students, as well as practicing clinicians interested in specializing in low vision or other health care practitioners for patients with vision impairment.

In The Therapist's Notebook for Children and Adolescents, 2nd ed, you'll find the most powerful tools available for aiding children with their feelings, incorporating play techniques into therapy, encouraging appropriate parental involvement in family sessions, and providing group therapy to children. This ready reference is divided into ten thoughtfully planned sections to make it easy to find the right activity, handout, or intervention for the problem at hand, whether you're looking for creative ideas, running a children's group, putting interventions into practice in the classroom, or looking for ways to increase parental and familial involvement. Instructions for the activities are clearly explained and highlighted with case examples and many illustrations. Chapters are by leading experts, including Eliana Gil, Rise VanFleet, Liana Lowenstein, Howard Rosenthal, and Volker Thomas, and explore strategies for treating children both individually and in a family context. With more than 60% new material, this expanded version delves into the latest research and thinking on family play therapy and addresses many pertinent issues of our time, including bullying, suicidal ideation, ADHD, autism, adolescents and sex, and cultural issues. It's a must-have arsenal for both novice and experienced professionals in family therapy, play therapy, psychology, psychiatry, counseling, education, nursing, and related fields.

Covering principles of therapy dog team training, assessment, skills, and ongoing monitoring, Canine-Assisted Interventions provides guidance on the most evidence-based methods for therapy dog team welfare, training, and assessment. The authors offer a linear approach to understanding all aspects of the screening, assessment, and selection of dog-handler teams by exploring the journey of dog therapy teams from assessment of canines and handlers to the importance of ongoing monitoring, recredentialing, and retirement. In addition to reviewing key findings within the field of human-animal interactions, each chapter emphasizes skills on both the human and dog ends of the leash and makes recommendations for research-informed best practices. To support readers, the book culminates with checklists and training resources to serve as a quick reference for readers. This book will be of great interest for practitioners, in-service professionals, and researchers in the fields of canine-assisted interventions and counseling.

"The Successful Occupational Therapy Fieldwork Student" is a stimulating new book that paves the way to the profession of occupational therapy. This book fulfills the needs of all OT and OTA students throughout their entire education by fully preparing them for their fieldwork assignments. This is an imperative learning tool for all students since all curricula include Level I and II fieldwork requirements, ranging from the associate's level to a master's program.

This complete fieldwork book contains a wide array of topics that guide the reader from the initial planning steps to the completion of successful fieldwork, including how to design fieldwork as a supervisor. It provides students with the opportunity to not only assess various situations, but also utilize their knowledge to demonstrate clinical reasoning. A multitude of activities are included from the first page to the last, designed to groom students for their fieldwork.

"The Successful Occupational Therapy Fieldwork Student" is the ultimate resource for OT/OTA students and the clinicians who educate them, providing a wealth of information while allowing for clinical reasoning to occur. This one-of-a-kind book contains unique features that will prove beneficial to students at varying degrees of education.
Features:

• Each chapter includes activities and assignments for students to complete as they prepare for fieldwork.
• The text is filled with real-life fieldwork student cases.
• The text teaches how to prevent problems that can occur, as well as how to fix them when they do.