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Books > Philosophy > Non-Western philosophy > Oriental & Indian philosophy
Arthapatti is a pervasive form of reasoning investigated by Indian
philosophers in order to think about unseen causes and interpret
ordinary and religious language. Its nature is a point of
controversy among Mimamsa, Nyaya, and Buddhist philosophers, yet,
to date, it has received less attention than perception, inference,
and testimony. This collection presents a one-of-a-kind reference
resource for understanding this form of reasoning studied in Indian
philosophy. Assembling translations of central primary texts
together with newly-commissioned essays on research topics, it
features a significant introductory essay. Readable translations of
Sanskrit works are accompanied by critical notes that introduce
arthapatti, offer historical context, and clarify the philosophical
debates surrounding it. Showing how arthapatti is used as a way to
reason about the basic unseen causes driving language use,
cause-and-effect relationships, as well as to interpret ambiguous
or figurative texts, this book demonstrates the importance of this
epistemic instrument in both contemporary Anglo-analytic and
classical Indian epistemology, language, and logic.
Eastern Philosophy: The Basics is an essential introduction to
major Indian and Chinese philosophies, both past and present.
Exploring familiar metaphysical and ethical questions from the
perspectives offered by a range of eastern philosophies, including
Confucianism, Daoism, the main Buddhist and Hindu philosophical
schools, as well as Jainism, this book covers key figures, issues,
methods and concepts. Questions discussed include: What is the
'self'? Is human nature inherently good or bad? How is the mind
related to the world? How can you live an authentic life? What is
the fundamental nature of reality? With timelines highlighting key
figures and their contributions, a list of useful websites,
pronunciation guides and further reading suggestions, Eastern
Philosophy: The Basics provides an engaging overview of fundamental
ideas in eastern philosophy. The second edition has been thoroughly
revised and updated to take account of the most recent scholarship.
It includes study questions for each chapter, an updated
bibliography, a new section on the Yijing and expanded discussion
of Indian philosophies and their basis in experience. Eastern
Philosophy: The Basics is valuable reading for all students of
philosophy and religion, especially those seeking to understand
eastern thought.
Winner of the Grawemeyer Award in Religion A Los Angeles Times
Bestseller "Raises timely and important questions about what
religious freedom in America truly means." -Ruth Ozeki "A must-read
for anyone interested in the implacable quest for civil liberties,
social and racial justice, religious freedom, and American
belonging." -George Takei On December 7, 1941, as the bombs fell on
Pearl Harbor, the first person detained was the leader of the Nishi
Hongwanji Buddhist sect in Hawai'i. Nearly all Japanese Americans
were subject to accusations of disloyalty, but Buddhists aroused
particular suspicion. From the White House to the local town
council, many believed that Buddhism was incompatible with American
values. Intelligence agencies targeted the Buddhist community, and
Buddhist priests were deemed a threat to national security. In this
pathbreaking account, based on personal accounts and extensive
research in untapped archives, Duncan Ryuken Williams reveals how,
even as they were stripped of their homes and imprisoned in camps,
Japanese American Buddhists launched one of the most inspiring
defenses of religious freedom in our nation's history, insisting
that they could be both Buddhist and American. "A searingly
instructive story...from which all Americans might learn."
-Smithsonian "Williams' moving account shows how Japanese Americans
transformed Buddhism into an American religion, and, through that
struggle, changed the United States for the better." -Viet Thanh
Nguyen, author of The Sympathizer "Reading this book, one cannot
help but think of the current racial and religious tensions that
have gripped this nation-and shudder." -Reza Aslan, author of
Zealot
Organised in broadly chronological terms, this book presents the
philosophical arguments of the great Indian Buddhist philosophers
of the fifth century BCE to the eighth century CE. Each chapter
examines their core ethical, metaphysical and epistemological views
as well as the distinctive area of Buddhist ethics that we call
today moral psychology. Throughout, this book follows three key
themes that both tie the tradition together and are the focus for
most critical dialogue: the idea of anatman or no-self, the
appearance/reality distinction and the moral aim, or ideal. Indian
Buddhist philosophy is shown to be a remarkably rich tradition that
deserves much wider engagement from European philosophy. Carpenter
shows that while we should recognise the differences and distances
between Indian and European philosophy, its driving questions and
key conceptions, we must resist the temptation to find in Indian
Buddhist philosophy, some Other, something foreign, self-contained
and quite detached from anything familiar. Indian Buddhism is shown
to be a way of looking at the world that shares many of the
features of European philosophy and considers themes central to
philosophy understood in the European tradition.
This volume brings together essays that discuss and contextualise
Gandhi's ideas on pluralism, religious identity, non-violence,
satyagraha, and modernity. It interrogates the epistemic
foundations of Gandhian thinking and weltanschauung, identifies
diverse strands within his arguments, and gives it new meaning in
contemporary society. This book focuses on Gandhi's engagements
with religious, political, and social conflicts; his reflections on
faith and modernity; and his argumentative dialogues with Mohammad
Ali Jinnah and B. R. Ambedkar. It provides critical insights into
Gandhi's philosophy and suggests ways of engaging with his ethical
and moral ideas in contemporary intellectual and political
discourse. Comparing and contrasting Gandhian thought and
strategies with contemporary issues and conceptions of religious
freedom, conflict resolution, and liberalism, the volume
reformulates and reconstitutes his intellectual and political
legacy. This book points to new and possible future directions of
research on Gandhian concepts and will be useful for scholars in
the fields of political science, Gandhian studies, sociology, and
philosophy.
Sadr al-Din Muhammad Shirazi (1572-1640), more commonly called
Mulla Sadra, was one of the grand scholars of later-period Islamic
philosophy and has grown to become one of the best-known Muslim
philosophers. "Iksir al-'arifin," or "Elixir of the Gnostics," is
unique among Sadra's writings in that it reworks and amplifies an
earlier Persian work, the "Jawidan-nama" ("Book of the
Everlasting") by Afdal al-Din Kashani, or Baba Afdal.
The underlying theme of Sadra's amplification is emblematic of
Muslim philosophy: the importance of self-knowledge in an
individual's journey of "Origin and Return," the soul's origins
with God and its eventual return to Him. Everything, Sadra says, is
on such a path, gradually disengaging from the material world and
returning to a transcendent essence--all leading to a final
fruition in which everything in the universe returns to God and
finds permanent happiness. Philosophy, Sadra argues, is the most
direct means to self-knowledge--and thus the best tool for
navigating this journey.
This comprehensive introduction explores the life and teachings of
Confucius, and development of Confucian thought, from ancient times
to the present today.
Demonstrates the wisdom and enduring relevance of Confucius's
teachings - drawing parallels between our 21st century society and
that of China 2,500 years ago, where government corruption, along
with social, economic, and technical changes, led thinkers to
examine human nature and societyDraws on the latest research and
incorporates interpretations of Confucius and his works by Chinese
and Western scholars throughout the centuriesExplores how
Confucius's followers expanded and reinterpreted his ideas after
his death, and how this process has continued throughout Chinese
historySeamlessly links Confucius with our modern age, revealing
how his teachings have become the basis of East Asian culture and
influenced the West
The Essential Mengzi offers a representative selection from Bryan
Van Norden's acclaimed translation of the full work, including the
most frequently studied passages and covering all of the work's
major themes. An appendix of selections from the classic commentary
of Zhu Xi--one of the most influential and insightful interpreters
of Confucianism--keyed to relevant passages, provides access to the
text and to its reception and interpretation. Also included are a
general Introduction, timeline, glossary, and selected
bibliography.
Key Concepts in Eastern Philosophy provides an extensive glossary of the main terms and concepts used in Eastern philosophy. The book includes definitions of philosophical ideas linked to the national traditions of:
* Persia * India * Islamic world * China * Japan * Tibet
including concepts from:
* Zoroastrianism * Hinduism * Sufism * Islam * Confucianism * Shintoism * Taoism * Buddhism
Each entry includes a guide for further reading and critical analysis, is cross-referenced with associated concepts and is in easy-to-use A-Z format.
'I have relinquished all that ties me to the world, but the one
thing that still haunts me is the beauty of the sky' These simple,
inspiring writings by three medieval Buddhist monks offer peace and
wisdom amid the world's uncertainties, and are an invitation to
relinquish earthly desires and instead taste life in the moment.
One of twenty new books in the bestselling Penguin Great Ideas
series. This new selection showcases a diverse list of thinkers who
have helped shape our world today, from anarchists to stoics,
feminists to prophets, satirists to Zen Buddhists.
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Chinese Proverbs
(Hardcover)
William Scarborough; Translated by William Scarborough; Arcturus Publishing
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R625
R545
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This volume is devoted to studying the emergence and flourishing of
new humanistically informed developments in philosophical
hermeneutics within contemporary Chinese philosophy. By means of
some articles published previously in the" Journal of Chinese
Philosophy" in the 1970s and 1980s, questions about the nature of
philosophical understanding and the diversity of hermeneutic
options in Chinese indigenous teachings - including Ruist
("Confucian"), Daoist, and Chinese Buddhist realms of exploration -
are reintroduced. These include an insightful discussion of a
"dialectics of harmonization" that gives structure to Ruist and
Daoist philosophies and forms of life by Chung-ying Cheng as well
as a clever essay on hermeneutics in the Zhuangzi by Kuang-ming Wu.
Following these seminal essays, a number of new pieces written by
philosophers and sinologists active in evaluating basic
orientations toward philosophical understanding in China are
presented. Some offer new insights into the confluence of
Gadamarian and Ruist approaches to philosophy, while others employ
more critical methods to indicate why serious hermeneutic inquiries
into these indigenous traditions and their most representative
texts reveal significant challenges for any reader. The focus of
this volume centers on issues arising in early Ruist and Daoist
texts - the Yijing or Book of Changes, the Analects, the Daodejing
and the Zhuangzi - and then moves to examine hermeneutic claims
asserted in the synthetic philosophical efforts of Zhu Xi
(1130-1200). In the March 2007 issue of the "Journal of Chinese
Philosophy" a sequel to this discussion will appear, one which
deals with modern and contemporary Chinese hermeneutics.
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The Book of Tea
(Hardcover)
Okakura Kakuzo; Introduction by Bruce Richardson
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R669
R582
Discovery Miles 5 820
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A trenchant defense of hierarchy in different spheres of our lives,
from the personal to the political All complex and large-scale
societies are organized along certain hierarchies, but the concept
of hierarchy has become almost taboo in the modern world. Just
Hierarchy contends that this stigma is a mistake. In fact, as
Daniel Bell and Wang Pei show, it is neither possible nor advisable
to do away with social hierarchies. Drawing their arguments from
Chinese thought and culture as well as other philosophies and
traditions, Bell and Wang ask which forms of hierarchy are
justified and how these can serve morally desirable goals. They
look at ways of promoting just forms of hierarchy while minimizing
the influence of unjust ones, such as those based on race, sex, or
caste. Which hierarchical relations are morally justified and why?
Bell and Wang argue that it depends on the nature of the social
relation and context. Different hierarchical principles ought to
govern different kinds of social relations: what justifies
hierarchy among intimates is different from what justifies
hierarchy among citizens, countries, humans and animals, and humans
and intelligent machines. Morally justified hierarchies can and
should govern different spheres of our social lives, though these
will be very different from the unjust hierarchies that have
governed us in the past. A vigorous, systematic defense of
hierarchy in the modern world, Just Hierarchy examines how
hierarchical social relations can have a useful purpose, not only
in personal domains but also in larger political realms.
A trenchant defense of hierarchy in different spheres of our lives,
from the personal to the political All complex and large-scale
societies are organized along certain hierarchies, but the concept
of hierarchy has become almost taboo in the modern world. Just
Hierarchy contends that this stigma is a mistake. In fact, as
Daniel Bell and Wang Pei show, it is neither possible nor advisable
to do away with social hierarchies. Drawing their arguments from
Chinese thought and culture as well as other philosophies and
traditions, Bell and Wang ask which forms of hierarchy are
justified and how these can serve morally desirable goals. They
look at ways of promoting just forms of hierarchy while minimizing
the influence of unjust ones, such as those based on race, sex, or
caste. Which hierarchical relations are morally justified and why?
Bell and Wang argue that it depends on the nature of the social
relation and context. Different hierarchical principles ought to
govern different kinds of social relations: what justifies
hierarchy among intimates is different from what justifies
hierarchy among citizens, countries, humans and animals, and humans
and intelligent machines. Morally justified hierarchies can and
should govern different spheres of our social lives, though these
will be very different from the unjust hierarchies that have
governed us in the past. A vigorous, systematic defense of
hierarchy in the modern world, Just Hierarchy examines how
hierarchical social relations can have a useful purpose, not only
in personal domains but also in larger political realms.
Zhu Xi (1130-1200) was the preeminent Confucian thinker of the Song
dynasty (960-1279). His teachings profoundly influenced China,
where for centuries after his death they formed the basis of the
country's educational system. In Korea, Japan, and Vietnam as well,
elites embraced his inspired and authoritative synthesis of
Confucian thought. In Zhu's eyes, the great Way of China was in
decline, with its very survival threatened by external enemies and
internal moral weakness. In his writings and teaching, Zhu took as
his mission the revival of the Confucian tradition, the source of
China's greatness, and its transmission to future generations. For
him, restoring Confucianism to its rightful place required drawing
on the tradition's whole sweep, from the sacred texts of the sages
and worthies of antiquity to the more recent writings of the great
thinkers of the tenth and eleventh centuries. This book presents
the essential teachings of the new Confucian ("Neo-Confucian")
philosophical system that Zhu Xi forged, providing a concise
introduction to one of the most important figures in the history of
Chinese thought. It offers selections from the Classified
Conversations of Master Zhu (Zhuzi yulei), a lengthy collection of
Zhu's conversations with disciples. In these texts, Zhu Xi reflects
on the Confucian teachings of the past, revising and refining his
understanding of them and shaping that understanding into a
cohesive system of thought. Daniel K. Gardner's translation renders
these discussions and sayings in a conversational style that is
accessible to new and more advanced readers alike.
A smart and accessible introduction to the most important works of
ancient Chinese philosophy-the Analects of Confucius, Mozi,
Mencius, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Sunzi, Xunzi, and Han Feizi This book
provides an unmatched introduction to eight of the most important
works of classical Chinese philosophy-the Analects of Confucius,
Mozi, Mencius, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Sunzi, Xunzi, and Han Feizi.
Combining accessibility with the latest scholarship, Paul Goldin,
one of the world's leading authorities on the history of Chinese
philosophy, places these works in rich context as he explains the
origin and meaning of their compelling ideas. Because none of these
classics was written in its current form by the author to whom it
is attributed, the book begins by asking, "What are we reading?"
and showing that understanding the textual history of the works
enriches our appreciation of them. A chapter is devoted to each of
the eight works, and the chapters are organized into three
sections: "Philosophy of Heaven," which looks at how the Analects,
Mozi, and Mencius discuss, often skeptically, Heaven (tian) as a
source of philosophical values; "Philosophy of the Way," which
addresses how Laozi, Zhuangzi, and Sunzi introduce the new concept
of the Way (dao) to transcend the older paradigms; and "Two Titans
at the End of an Age," which examines how Xunzi and Han Feizi adapt
the best ideas of the earlier thinkers for a coming imperial age.
In addition, the book presents clear and insightful explanations of
the protean and frequently misunderstood concept of qi-and of a
crucial characteristic of Chinese philosophy, nondeductive
reasoning. The result is an invaluable account of an endlessly
fascinating and influential philosophical tradition.
If, as Buddhism claims, the potential for awakening exists in all
human beings, we should be able to map the phenomenon with the same
science we apply to other forms of consciousness. A student of
cognitive social science and a Zen practitioner for more than forty
years, Richard P. Boyle brings his sophisticated perspective to
bear on the development of a theoretical model for both ordinary
and awakened consciousness. Boyle conducts probing interviews with
eleven prominent Western Buddhist teachers (Shinzen Young, John
Tarrant, Ken McLeod, Ajahn Amaro, Martine Batchelor, Shaila
Catherine, Gil Fronsdal, Stephen Batchelor, Pat Enkyo O'Hara,
Bernie Glassman, and Joseph Goldstein) and one scientist (James
Austin) who have experienced awakening. From the paths they
traveled to enlightenment and their descriptions of the experience,
he derives three fundamental properties of awakened consciousness.
He then constructs an overarching model that explains how Buddhist
practices help free the mind from attachments to reality and the
self and make possible the three properties of awakening.
Specifically, these teachers describe how they worked to control
attention and quiet the mind, detach from ideas and habits, and
open themselves to compassion. Boyle's account incorporates current
theories of consciousness, sociological insights, and research in
neuroscience to advance the study of awakened consciousness and
help an even greater number of people to realize it.
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