The modern world is a violent place. Millions of humans have been murdered in the name of nationalism, idealism, religion, and greed. Vast amounts of resources and energy have been devoted to weaponry. The power to kill is the measure of political power. It seems the world has lost it way.

In Primal Way and the Pathology of Civilization, Dr. Walter Robinson presents a cross-cultural exploration of these deepest issues facing mankind. He investigates the supposition that life was better during past times, and he asks if we can recreate a healthy, viable existence by following the path of indigenous peoples who knew a way of life full of meaning and well-being.

Using the foundation of philosophical Taosim, a normative system of understanding, Robinson evaluates society's state of health. Primal Way and the Pathology of Civilization shows that society must heal and it can be accomplished through the primal Way.

Thanks to the international celebrity of the present Dalai Lama, Tibetan Buddhism is attracting more attention than at any time in its history. Although there have been numerous specialist studies of individual Tibetan texts, however, no scholarly work has as yet done justice to the rich variety of types of Tibetan discourse. This book fills this lacuna, bringing to bear the best methodological insights of the contemporary human sciences, and at the same time conveying to non-specialist readers an impression of the broad domain of Tibetan religious and philosophical thought. Ranging widely over the immense corpus of Tibetan literature, Kapstein brilliantly illuminates many of the distinctive Tibetan contributions and points out some of the insights.

First published in 1947. The Spirit of Chinese Philosophy covers the major philosophers and philosophical movements in China from Confucius to the middle of the twentieth century including: Confucius, Mencius, Yang Chu and Mo Ti, the Dialecticians and Logicians, Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu, The Han Scholars, The Mystical School, The Ch'an Tsung of Buddhism, The Neo-Confucianist Philosophy.

First published in 1889. This re-issues the second, revised edition of 1926. Chuang Tzu was to Lao Tzu, the author of Tao Te Ching, as Hui-neng, the sixth Patriarch of Zen Buddhism, was to Bodhidharma, and in some respects St.Paul to Jesus; he expanded the original teaching into a system and was thus the founder of Tao-ism. Whereas Lao Tzu was a contemporary of Confucius in the sixth century B.C, Chuang Tzu lived over two hundred years later. He was one of the greatest minds produced by China; philosopher, metaphysician, moralist and poet. It is impossible to understand the spiritual depth of the Tao Te Ching without the aid of Chuang Tzu.

First published in 1958. This volume translates one of the major works of modern Chinese philosophy and in so doing makes a major contribution to the study of comparative philosophy. The volume contains an extensive introduction structured as follows: 1. Biographical Sketch of K'ang Yu-wei 2. Ta T'ung Shu: The Book 3. A General Discussion of the One-World Philosophy of K'ang Yu-wei

First published in 1934. Unlike previous translations, this translation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching is based not on the medieval commentaries but on a close study of the whole of early Chinese literature.

First published in 1939. This book consists chiefly of extracts from Chuang Tzu, Mencius and Han Fei Tzu. Chuang Tzu's appeal is to the imagination; the appeal of mencius is to the moral feelings; realism, as expounded by Han Fei Tzu, finds a close parallel in modern Totalitarianism and as a result these extracts from a book of the third century B.C. nonetheless have a very contemporary connection.

First published in 1938. Previous translations of the Analects of Confucius are based upon a medieval interpretation which reflects the philosophy of the 12th century A.D rather than of the 5th century B.C., when Confucius lived. This book detaches the Analects from the Scholastic interpretation and lets these famous sayings speak for themselves.

First published in 1932. One of the most astonishing features of the Confucian teaching to the modern reader is its anticipation of the Spencerian formula of evolution and its adaptation of this to a programme of progress. This volume shows that Confucius' teaching is still relevant in many of its features, not merely for China but also for the West. Contents include: The background of Confucian political philosophy; the state and its origin; political unity and organization; the principle of benevolent government; law and justice; democracy and representation, social evolution.

By way of a personal note, I can reveal to the reader that I was led to Sanskrit by an exposure to Indian philosophy while still a child. These early mystical interests gave way in the university to scholarly pursuits and, through reading the works of Franklin Edgerton, Louis Renou and Etienne Lamotte, I was introduced to the scientific study of the* past, to philology and the academic study of an ancient literature. In this period I wrote a number of books on Sanskrit aesthetics, concentrating on the sophisticated Indian notions of suggestion. This work has culminated in a three-volume study of the Dhvanyaloka and the Dhvanyalokalocana, for the Harvard Oriental Series. Eventually I found that I wanted to broaden my concern with India, to learn what was at the universal core of my studies and what could be of interest to everyone. In reading Indian literature, I came across so many bizarre tales and ideas that seemed incomprehensible and removed from the concerns of everyday life that I became troubled. Vedantic ideas of the world as a dream, for example, to which I had been particularly partial, seemed grandiose and megalomanic. I turned away with increasing scepticism from what I felt to be the hysterical outpourings of mystical and religious fanaticism.

The work explores the historical and intellectual context of Tsongkhapa's philosophy and addresses the critical issues related to questions of development and originality in Tsongkhapa's thought. It also deals extensively with one of Tsongkhapa's primary concerns, namely his attempts to demonstrate that the Middle Way philosophy's deconstructive analysis does not negate the reality of the everyday world. The study's central focus, however, is the question of the existence and the nature of self. This is explored both in terms of Tsongkhapa's deconstruction of the self and his reconstruction of person. Finally, the work explores the concept of reality that emerges in Tsongkhapa's philosophy, and deals with his understanding of the relationship between critical reasoning, no-self, and religious experience.

Serving as a gateway to Chinese thought, this Encyclopedia introduces the significant historical periods of Chinese philosophy ancient and modern and offers insight into the ideas of important thinkers and elementary concepts in philosophical discourse as well as addressing the major conundrums found within various Chinese disciplines. All the major schools of thought are covered and their proponents, followers and critics discussed. There are also essays on the relation of philosophy to other aspects of culture such as history and literature.
The Encyclopedia provides a penetrating look into the thought of China and the Chinese, making it a useful resource for both those already acquainted with Chinese philosophy and those seeking to learn.

A study of problems revolving around the subject of intellect in the philosophies of Alfarabi (d. 950), Avicenna (980-1037), and Averroes (1126-1198), this book pays particular attention to the way in which these philosophers addressed the tangle of issues that grew up around the active intellect. Davidson starts by reviewing discussions in Greek and early Arabic philosophy that served as the background for the three Arabic thinkers. He examines the cosmologies and theories of human and active intellect of the three philosophers and covers such subjects as the emanation of the supernal realm from the First Cause, the emanation of the lower world from the transcendent active intellect, stages of human intellect, illumination of the human intellect by the transcendent active intellect, conjunction of the human intellect with the transcendent active intellect, prophecy, and human immortality. Davidson traces the impact of the three philosophers on medieval Jewish philosophy and Latin Scholasticism. He shows that the later medieval Jewish philosophers and the Scholastics had differing perceptions of Averroes because they happened to use works belonging to different periods of his philosophic career. This book will be of interest to the student and scholar in medieval philosophy, the history of philosophy, and medieval culture.

What standards should we use to evaluate culturally distinct philosophies? What kind of barrier does language or cultural difference pose in our attempts to understand other traditions? How do we avoid our comparisons being biased? Doing Philosophy Comparatively answers these questions by providing a thorough overview of the methodology involved in extending philosophy across linguistic and cultural boundaries. Now revised and updated to showcase the most recent developments in the field, this second edition engages with philosophies beyond the Anglo-European tradition and features: * Examples of cross-cultural philosophy from a wider range of non-Western traditions * Methodological innovations from works of comparative philosophy published in the last decade * Focused exercises for each chapter demonstrating how to interact meaningfully with primary texts and engage with recent debates in comparative philosophy * Updated discussion questions and readings Introducing the main problems, methods, and approaches of comparative philosophy, this new edition shows you how to make informed cross-cultural judgments through reflection and practice. It remains an essential toolkit for the practice of doing comparative philosophy.

Contents:
Matilal, B K, Ontological Problems in Nyaya, Buddhism and Jainism: A Comparitive Analysis, Journal of Indian Philosophy 5 [1977]
Potter, Karl H, Vedantaparibhasa as Systematic Reconstruction, SS Rama Rao Pappu ed. Perspectives on Vedanta, Essays in Honor of Professor T Raju [Leiden: E J Brill, 1988]
Chakrabarti, Kisor, The Nyaya-Vaisesika Theory of Universals, Journal of Indian Philosophy 3 [1975]
Siderits, Mark, More Things in Heaven and Earth, Journal of Indian Philosophy, 10 [1982]
Gillon, Brendon S, Negative Facts and Knowledge of Negative Facts, P. Bilimoria and J N Mohanty eds., Relativism, Suffering and Beyond [Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1997]
Kapstein, Matthew, Mercological Considerations in Vasubandhu's Proof of Idealism,(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi) Idealstic Studies 18 [1988]
Matilal, B K, Causality in the Nyaya-Vaisesika School, Philosophy East and West 44 [1975]
Potter, Karl H, An Ontology of Concrete Connectors, Journal of Philosophy 58 [1961]
Garfield, Jay L, Dependent Arising and the Emptiness of Emptiness: Why Did Nagarjuna Start with Causation?, Philosophy East and West 44 [1994]
Potter, Karl H, Freedom and Determinism from an Indian Perspective, Philosophy East and West 17 [1967]
Duerlinger, James, Reductionist and Nonreductionist Theories of Persons in Indian Buddhist Philosophy, Journal of Indian Philosophy 21 [1993]
Bastow, David, Self-Construction in Buddhism, Ratio 28 [1986]
Siderits, Mark, Buddhist Reductionism, Philosophy East and West 47 [1997]
Taber, John, The Mimamsa Theory of Self Recognition, Philosophy East and West 40 [1990]
Chakrabarti, Arindam, I Touch What I Saw, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 52 [1992]
Shukla, Pandit Badrinath, Dehatmavada or the Body as Soul: Exploration of a Possibility Within Nyaya Thought, Journal of the Indian Council of Philosophical Research 5 [1988]
Larson, Gerald James, An Eccentric Ghost in the Machine: Formal and Quantitative Aspects of the Samkhya-Yoga Dualism, Philosophy East and West 33 [1983]
Schweizer, Paul, Mind/Consciousness Dualism in Sankhya-Yoga Philosophy, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 53 [1993]
Deutsch, Eliot, The Self in Advaita Vedanta, International Philosophical Quarterly 6 [1966]
Bhattacharyya, K C, The Concept of the Absolute and its Alternative Forms, Philosophical Studies 2 [Calcutta: Progressive Publishers, 1958]