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Books > Medicine > Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences > Physiology
Diagnosis and Management in Dementia: The Neuroscience of Dementia, Volume 1 consolidates different fields of dementia into a single book, covering a range of subjects, including Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia, mixed dementia, vascular dementia, physical activity, risk factors, mortality, biomarkers, SPECT, CT, MRI, questionnaires, nutrition, sleep, delirium, hearing loss, agitation, aggression, delusions, anxiety, depression, hallucinations, psychosis, senile plaques, tau and amyloid-beta, neuroinflammation, molecular biology, and more. With an impact on millions globally, and billions of research dollars being invested in dementia research, this book will stimulate research in the area and inform researchers.
The Scientists Guide to Cardiac Metabolism combines the basic concepts of substrate metabolism, regulation, and interaction within the cell and the organism to provide a comprehensive introduction into the basics of cardiac metabolism. This important reference is the perfect tool for newcomers in cardiac metabolism, providing a basic understanding of the metabolic processes and enabling the newcomer to immediately communicate with the expert as substrate/energy metabolism becomes part of projects. The book is written by established experts in the field, bringing together all the concepts of cardiac metabolism, its regulation, and the impact of disease.
Human Physiology, Biochemistry and Basic Medicine is a unique perspective that draws together human biology, physiology, biochemistry, nutrition, and cell biology in one comprehensive volume. In this way, it is uniquely qualified to address the needs of the emerging field of humanology, a holistic approach to understanding the biology of humans and how they are distinguished from other animals. Coverage starts with human anatomy and physiology and the details of the workings of all parts of the male and female body. Next, coverage of human biochemistry and how sugars, fats, and amino acids are made and digested is discussed, as is human basic medicine, covering the science of diseases and human evolution and pseudo-evolution. The book concludes with coverage of basic human nutrition, diseases, and treatments, and contains broad coverage that will give the reader an understanding of the entire human picture.
Chinmedomics: The Integration of Serum Pharmacochemistry and Metabolomics to Elucidate the Scientific Value of Traditional Chinese Medicine uses new experimental techniques and research to open doors in drug discovery and development related to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This book features a unique approach that combines chemometric analysis with metabolomics studies to illuminate significant changes that have occurred in syndrome states while simultaneously analyzing the efficacy of chemical ingredients in herbal medicines. Chapters provide cutting-edge information on traditional medicine, analytical technology, natural products, metabolomics, bioinformatics and their applications. This book provides a valuable resource for pharmacologists, pharmaceutical scientists, medicinal plant researchers, pharmacognosists and chemists working with TCM and highlights ways to further research and advances in this area in the future.
Physical activity and its relationship to health is one of the great issues of our age. The causes of, and solutions to, physical inactivity are complex and multi-dimensional, and therefore the subject needs to be studied and understood from a variety of perspectives. This is the first textbook to provide a truly multi-disciplinary introduction to physical activity studies. Offering a complete foundation to the subject, it covers the basics of every core discipline from biochemistry, public health and biomechanics to physiology, sport psychology and sociology. It introduces a full range of topics across the physical activity curriculum, including behaviour change, motor skill development, nutrition, exercise prescription, public health policy, and physical education, providing a well-balanced and international perspective on each important issue. There is also a strong emphasis throughout the book on the practical, applied dimensions of physical activity, including innovative approaches to promotion and intervention tailored to every age range and environment. Physical Activity: A Multi-disciplinary Introduction is an indispensable companion to any course or degree programme with an emphasis on physical activity and health. A variety of exclusive eResources to aid teaching and learning are also available via the Routledge website.
Tendon Regeneration: Understanding Tissue Physiology and Development to Engineer Functional Substitutes is the first book to highlight the multi-disciplinary nature of this specialized field and the importance of collaboration between medical and engineering laboratories in the development of tissue-oriented products for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) strategies. Beginning with a foundation in developmental biology, the book explores physiology, pathology, and surgical reconstruction, providing guidance on biological approaches that enhances tendon regeneration practices. Contributions from scientists, clinicians, and engineers who are the leading figures in their respective fields present recent findings in tendon stem cells, cell therapies, and scaffold treatments, as well as examples of pre-clinical models for translational therapies and a view of the future of the field.
The metabolomics and systems biology approach to research can be applied to many disciplines. This book provides a solid introduction to medical metabolomics and systems biology, and demonstrates how they have been applied to studies in medicine and human health, including nutrition and pathogenic microorganisms. Following core themes of diagnosis, pathology and aetiology of disease, this book provides a reference for health care professionals interested in how to use metabolomics for medical research.
Essential Clinically Applied Anatomy of the Peripheral Nervous System in the Limbs is designed to combine the salient points of the anatomy of the PNS with typical pathologies affecting the nerves of the upper and lower limbs. The book is a quick reference guide for those studying and treating neuromuscular disease such as neurologists, neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, and clinical neurophysiologists. Readers will find easy-to-access facts about the anatomy of the nerves in the limbs, coupled with clinically applied scenarios relevant to that area being discussed, as well as clinical findings on examination. The book's purpose is to provide the reader with a succinct presentation of the relevant anatomy of the PNS in the limbs and how it is directly applicable to day-to-day clinical scenarios. It presents the reader with an easily accessible format to clinically applied PNS anatomy that is perfect for quick reference. Chapters review the nerves of the upper and lower limbs, and the origins, course, distribution and relevant pathologies affecting each. These pathologies present typical injuries to the nerves of the PNS, as well as clinical findings on examination and treatments.
Lipids are the most abundant organic compounds found in the
brain, accounting for up to 50% of its dry weight. The brain
lipidome includes several thousands of distinct biochemical
structures whose expression may greatly vary according to age,
gender, brain region, cell type, as well as subcellular
localization. In synaptic membranes, brain lipids specifically
interact with neurotransmitter receptors and control their
activity. Moreover, brain lipids play a key role in the generation
and neurotoxicity of amyloidogenic proteins involved in the
pathophysiology of neurological diseases. The aim of this book is
to provide for the first time a comprehensive overview of brain
lipid structures, and to explain the roles of these lipids in
synaptic function, and in neurodegenerative diseases, including
Alzheimer s, Creutzfeldt-Jakob s and Parkinson s. To conclude the
book, the authors present new ideas that can drive innovative
therapeutic strategies based on the knowledge of the role of lipids
in brain disorders.
Comparative Biology of the Normal Lung, Second Edition, offers a rigorous and comprehensive reference for all those involved in pulmonary research. This fully updated work is divided into sections on anatomy and morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and immunological response. It continues to provide a unique comparative perspective on the mammalian lung. This edition includes several new chapters and expanded content, including aging and development of the normal lung, mechanical properties of the lung, genetic polymorphisms, the comparative effect of stress of pulmonary immune function, oxygen signaling in the mammalian lung and much more. By addressing scientific advances and critical issues in lung research, this 2nd edition is a timely and valuable work on comparative data for the interpretation of studies of animal models as compared to the human lung.
Iron is indispensable for the growth, development and well-being of almost all living organisms. Biological systems from bacteria, fungi and plants to humans have evolved systems for the uptake, utilisation, storage and homeostasis of iron. Its importance for microbial growth makes its uptake systems a natural target for pathogenic microorganisms and parasites. Uniquely, humans suffer from both iron deficiency and iron overload, while the capacity of iron to generate highly reactive free radicals, causing oxidative stress, is associated with a wide range of human pathologies, including many neurodegenerative diseases. Whereas some essential metal ions like copper and zinc are closely linked with iron metabolism, toxic metals like aluminium and cadmium can interfere with iron metabolism. Finally, iron metabolism and homeostasis are key targets for the development of new drugs for human health. The 4th edition of Iron Metabolism is written in a lively style by one of the leaders in the field, presented in colour and covers the latest discoveries in this exciting area. It will be essential reading for researchers and students in biochemistry, molecular biology, microbiology, cell biology, nutrition and medical sciences. Other interested groups include biological inorganic chemists with an interest in iron metabolism, health professionals with an interest in diseases of iron metabolism, or of diseases in which iron uptake systems are involved (eg. microbial and fungal infections, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders), and researchers in the pharmaceutical industry interested in developing novel drugs targeting iron metabolism/homeostasis.
The inhibition of angiogenesis is an effective mechanism of slowing down tumor growth and malignancies. The process of induction or pro-angiogenesis is highly desirable for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, wound healing disorders, and more. Efforts to understand the molecular basis, both for inhibition and induction, have yielded fascinating results. Originally published by Bentham and now distributed by Elsevier, Anti-Angiogenesis Drug Discovery and Development, Volume 2 is an compilation of well-written reviews on various aspects of the anti-angiogenesis process. These reviews have been contributed by leading practitioners in drug discovery science and highlight the major developments in this exciting field in the last two decades. These reader-friendly chapters cover topics of great scientific importance, many of which are considered significant medical breakthroughs, making this book excellent reading both for the novice as well as for expert medicinal chemists and clinicians.
Despite the continuous effort from the scientific community and the advancements in neonatal intensive care, hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury of term and near-term infants remains a significant problem throughout the world. After asphyxia, infants may suffer from long-term neurological sequelae, including death, cerebral palsy, learning difficulties, epilepsy and other significant cognitive, developmental and behavioural problems in 40% of survivors. This book discusses the risk factors, prevalence and neurological impacts of asphyxia.
Based on human neurophysiology, it has been shown that the human brain and spinal cord can partly be repaired by movement-based learning. It seems that even to a very limited extent, new nerve cells can be built anew in the human central nervous system. Neural network learning starts with the knowledge of basic human neural network functions and their communication with the outside world. Neural network functions can only be explored thoroughly if it is partly known what impulse patterns run into and out of the networks. Even though the gained knowledge is rudimentary, it has immediate consequences for learning and the repair of the human central nervous system. This book discusses the theory of neural network learning. It provides research on neural network learning rates in healthy patients and patients with central nervous system injuries; neural network learning for coma patients; improving health in geriatric and cancer patients; and improving mental functions in patients with depression and anxiety.
Leucine is a branched-chain essential amino acid. It accounts for approximately one-fifth of the requirements for essential amino acids. Leucine facilitates insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and insulin signalling in skeletal muscle cells. This book includes chapters on the physiological roles of leucine and the effects of leucine supplementation; the syntheses, properties and applications of the main leucine containing polymers and materials made of them that up to now have been studied; and the effects of hydroxy- beta methylbutyrate (HMB) and alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC), which are metabolites of leucine on muscle function and sports performance based on recent findings.
"The Protective Arm of the RAS: Functional Aspects and
Therapeutic Implications" is the first comprehensive publication to
signal the protective role of the renin angiotensin system (RAS)
providing readers with early insight into a system which will
become of major medical importance. It is extensively demonstrated
that the RAS, when over activated, represents a disease-promoting
and disease-sustaining system. But recently the protective role of
the RAS has emerged supported by a large number of experimental
studies. In fact, specific components of the RAS, namely
angiotensin AT2 receptors (AT2R), the angiotensin (1 7) peptide
with its receptor Mas, and the enzyme ACE 2 exert significant
beneficial actions by counter-balancing the well-known harmful side
of the RAS.
Exercise to Prevent and Manage Chronic Disease Across the Lifespan provides evidence-based insights into the clinical utility of exercise in the management of disease across a broad range of specialties and diseases. The book offers research informed strategies for the integration of exercise into standard practice in fields such as neurology, endocrinology, psychiatry and oncology, as well as decision-making pathways and clinical scenarios to advance patient care. The book is divided by specialty and includes clinical scenarios to allow for the integration of information within practice. The book's synthesized research evidence allows practitioners to safely and effectively begin to capitalize on the benefits of exercise in their patients.
This book summarizes experimentally-supported research on the therapeutic efficacy of plant extracts and their constituents on a range of respiratory diseases including infections. It discusses the pharmacological, cellular and molecular factors involved in the pathogenies of respiratory diseases and their modulation by plant-derived compounds. Additionally, it underlines the growing relevance of medicinal plant-based advanced drug delivery systems for treating lung diseases providing maximal therapeutic efficacy with better patient compliance. Overall, this comprehensive book is a blend of translational, biological, chemical and drug delivery aspects of medicinal plants employed in targeting respiratory diseases and attracts a range of audiences including physiochemist, translational and clinical researchers working in the field of respiratory diseases.
"Clinical Neuroendocrinology," a volume in the "Handbook of
Clinical Neurology Series" gives an overview of the current
knowledge in the field of clinical neuroendocrinology. It focuses
on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the
hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. It integrates a large number
of medical disciplines, including clinical endocrinology,
pediatrics, neurosurgery, neuroradiology, clinical genetics, and
radiotherapy. Psychological consequences of various disorders and
therapies, as well as therapeutic controversies, are discussed. It
is the first textbook in the field to address all these aspects by
a range of international experts. *All contributors are recognized experts in the different fields of clinical neuroendocrinology *The book provides expanded coverage on hypothalamic mechanisms in human pathophysiology *The book includes current perspectives, diagnosis and treatment of pituitary diseases
"The Handbook of Nutrition, Diet and the Eye" is the first book to thoroughly address common features and etiological factors in how dietary and nutritional factors affect the eye. The ocular system is perhaps one of the least studied organs in diet and nutrition, yet the consequences of vision loss can be devastating. One of the biggest contributors to complete vision loss in the western hemisphere is diabetes, precipitated by metabolic syndrome. In some developing countries, micronutrient deficiencies are major contributory factors to impaired vision. However, there are a range of ocular defects that have either their origin in nutritional deficiencies or excess or have been shown to respond favorably to nutritional components. The eye from the cornea to the retina may be affected by nutritional components. Effects may be physiological or molecular. This book represents essential reading for nutritionists,
dietitians, optometrists, ophthalmologists, opticians,
endocrinologists, and other clinicians and researchers interested
in eye health and vision in general.
Drawing on expert opinions from the fields of nutrition, gut
microbiology, mammalian physiology, and immunology, "Diet-Microbe
Interactions for Human Health" investigates the evidence for a
unified disease mechanism working through the gut and its resident
microbiota, and linking many inflammation-related chronic diet
associated diseases. State of the art post-genomic studies can
highlight the important role played by our resident intestinal
microbiota in determining human health and disease. Many chronic
human diseases associated with modern lifestyles and diets -
including those localized to the intestinal tract like inflammatory
bowel disease and celiac disease, and more pervasive systemic
conditions such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease -
are characterized by aberrant profiles of gut bacteria or their
metabolites. Many of these diseases have an inflammatory basis,
often presenting with a chronic low-grade systemic inflammation,
hinting at persistent and inappropriate activation of inflammatory
pathways. Through the presentation and analysis of recent nutrition
studies, this book discusses the possible mechanisms underpinning
the disease processes associated with these pathologies, with high
fat diets appearing to predispose to disease, and biologically
active plant components, mainly fiber and polyphenols, appearing to
reduce the risk of chronic disease development.
Primer on the Autonomic Nervous System, Fourth Edition provides a concise and accessible overview of autonomic neuroscience for students, scientists, and clinicians. The book's 142 chapters draw on the expertise of more than 215 basic scientists and clinicians who discuss key information on how the autonomic nervous system controls the body, particularly in response to stress. This new edition also focuses on the translational crossover between basic and clinical research. In addition to comprehensively covering all aspects of autonomic physiology and pathology, topics such as psychopharmacology decoding and modulating nerve function are also explored.
Research has clearly established a link between omega-3 fatty acids and general health, particularly cardiovascular health. "Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Brain and Neurological Health" is the first book to focus exclusively on the role of omega-3 fatty acids on general brain health. The articles in this collection illustrate omega-3 fatty acids' importance in longevity, cognitive impairment, and structure and function of the brain's neurons. Research has established links between omega-3 fatty acids and
the developing brain, aging, dementia, Alzheimer's disease and
multiple sclerosis. This book encompasses some of the most recent
research, including the role of omega-3 fatty acid supplements on
hippocampal neurogenesis, substantia nigra modulation, migraine
headaches, the developing brain in animals, sleep, and
neurodegenerative diseases. This collection helps to push research
forward toward a complete understanding of omega-3 fatty acids'
relationship to brain and neurological health.
Volume 542 of "Methods in Enzymology" continues the legacy of this
premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the
field. This new volume covers research methods providing a
theoretical overview on metabolic alterations of cancer cells and a
series of protocols that can be employed to study oncometabolism,
in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. Malignant cells exhibit metabolic
changes when compared to their normal counterparts, owing to both
genetic and epigenetic alterations. Although such a metabolic
rewiring has recently been indicated as "yet another" general
hallmark of cancer, accumulating evidence suggests that the
metabolic alterations of each neoplasm rather represent a molecular
signature that intimately accompanies, and hence cannot be severed
from, all facets of malignant transformation. |
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