For two centuries the barometer has been an indispensable laboratory instrument. Yet, despite its revolutionary influence on science, W. E. Knowles Middleton here offers the first complete history of the barometer as a scientific tool.

Middleton relies on research from Western European documents and manuscripts of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. He begins his story with a pre-history of the barometer, the Torricellian experiment, the subsequent experiments and controversies in the 1640s, and the barometric experiments during the remainder of the century.

Later chapters are concerned with the mercury barometer as a scientific instrument, discussing the efforts to expand the scale to render the instrument portable, and to attain greater accuracy. These chapters follow accounts of mercury barographs, the history of the corrections to the barometer, the history of the mercury barometer in North America, and the luminescence that appears when a barometer is moved in the dark. The final chapters discuss barometers other than those using the weight of a column of mercury.

A large number of the more interesting barometers seen by the author in his extensive travels appears in the appendix. Nearly 200 figures and diagrams depict the wide variety of barometers studied by the author over his long career at the Smithsonian Institution.

Das Buch Programmieren in C++ fur Elektrotechniker und Mechatroniker bietet einen Einstieg in die moderne Softwareentwicklung fur Studierende der Ingenieurwissenschaften. Dabei wird ein durchgangiger Ansatz verfolgt, der, beginnend mit den Grundlagen der Programmierung, bis hin zu weiterfuhrenden Themen, wie Hardware-nahe Programmierung, zahlreiche Themengebiete betrachtet und Studierende nicht nur fur die Prufung, sondern auch fur den Arbeitsalltag vorbereitet. Da man Programmieren nur durch UEben erlernen kann, liefert das Buch einen umfangreichen Aufgabenkatalog.

This book comprises the proceedings of the 12th National Technical Symposium on Unmanned System Technology 2020 (NUSYS'20) held on October 27-28, 2020. It covers a number of topics, including intelligent robotics, novel sensor technology, control algorithms, acoustics signal processing, imaging techniques, biomimetic robots, green energy sources, and underwater communication backbones and protocols, and it appeals to researchers developing marine technology solutions and policy-makers interested in technologies to facilitate the exploration of coastal and oceanic regions.

Das Buch vermittelt die Grundlagen zur Herstellung und dem Aufbau von Mikrosystemen. Es kann in zwei Teile aufgeteilt werden. Der Schwerpunkt von Teil I liegt hierbei auf den Mikrofertigungsprozessen und behandelt die Siliziumtechnologie, mikromechanische Strukturierungs- (anisotropes AEtzen, DRIE) und Bondprozesse (Eutectic Bonding, Fusion Bonding). Teil II behandelt die Aufbau- und Verbindungstechnik fur Mikrosysteme und vermittelt Kenntnisse zu den Prinzipien der Chipmontage. Dabei stehen u.a. die Beschichtungstechnologien (Metallisierungssysteme) und Kontaktiertechnologien (Loeten, Kleben, Bonden) im Vordergrund.

Dieses Buch erlautert Aufbau, Funktionsweise und Auslegung elektrischer Antriebe. Schwerpunkte sind die permanenterregte Synchronmaschine mit den erforderlichen Sensoren und zugehoerigen Regelverfahren sowie die Anbindung uber Kommunikationssysteme an die ubergeordnete Steuerung.

Presents step-by-step instructions for making a sundial which will illustrate concepts regarding the interrelation of the sun, the earth's rotation, and time.

In diesem Buch wird eine systematische praxisbezogene Grundlage fur viele unterschiedliche Prufaufgaben vermittelt. Der Leser ist in kurzer Zeit in der Lage, Probleme der Messtechnik zu erkennen und fur eine optimale Loesung richtig zu analysieren. Durch zahlreiche aktuelle Praxisbeispiele werden auch Veranderungen des Messergebnisses durch Fremdfelder betrachtet. Die Gesamtmessunsicherheit wird mit Hilfe von Modellgleichungen analysiert und dokumentiert. Das Buch eignet sich sehr gut als Nachschlagewerk fur Techniker und Ingenieure sowie als studienbegleitende Literatur.

This book is a practical guide to selecting, setting up and using an engineer's lathe to create parts specifically for clockmaking or clock repairs. It begins as an instructional manual and consequently the first chapter assumes that the reader does not yet have a lathe and needs advice on choosing one. With over 160 diagrams and photographs, topics include: choosing and setting up the lathe; turning - materials and facing; boring and milling techniques; chucks, collets and face-plates; creating a height-centring gauge; pivots, wheels and pinions; removing and mounting gear wheels; fly cutters; making a flat depthing tool and, finally, creating centre marking tools. The intent is to provide a gentle learning curve for the practical use of the lathe.

A revolution in clock technology in England during the 1660s allowed people to measure time more accurately, attend to it more minutely, and possess it more privately than previously imaginable. In "Telling Time," Stuart Sherman argues that innovations in prose emerged simultaneously with this technological breakthrough, enabling authors to recount the new kind of time by which England was learning to live and work.
Through brilliant readings of Samuel Pepys's diary, Joseph Addison and Richard Steele's daily "Spectator," the travel writings of Samuel Johnson and James Boswell, and the novels of Daniel Defoe and Frances Burney, Sherman traces the development of a new way of counting time in prose--the diurnal structure of consecutively dated installments--within the cultural context of the daily institutions which gave it form and motion. "Telling Time" is not only a major accomplishment for seventeenth- and eighteenth-century literary studies, but it also makes important contributions to current discourse in cultural studies.

The grandfather clock, an entirely new kind of furniture, first appeared in the late seventeenth century. From then on, with its long case to protect pendulum and weights, its rugged movement and large, clear indication of time, it has been a success story right up to the present day. Virtually none of these clocks is beyond repair and often the work required is within the scope of inexperienced owners. This is the first full-length book to cover repair and restoration of these attractive and often valuable antiques, including their casework. The first part outlines how to clean and service the clock 'works' and also how to refurbish the dial, while in the second part restoration or casework, both structural repairs and finishing, is considered. The illustrations are of two actual clocks (one eight-day and one thirty-hour) and work proceeding on them. The last part of the book sketches common variations from these particular examples. Armed with this book and appropriate tools (for work on both movement and case), the owner of a dilapidated grandfather clock will be encouraged and given the know-how to restore it to life as a useful and attractive clock and a prized possession.

This practical, informative and beautifully illustrated book will be essential reading for all those with a passion for mechanical clocks. It will be of particular interest to both amateurs and professionals alike who wish to work on clock cases and restore them in the correct way according to modern best practice. The authors, both experienced horological restorers, examine in detail the restoration processes and provide detailed descriptions, and a wealth of photographs and diagrams. Difficult, and often misunderstood, areas of restoration and conservation are explained in the context of twenty-first thinking. The haphazard approach to clock case restoration, which has continued in some quarters almost to the present day, is no longer considered appropriate for preservation of the rapidly dwindling stock of clocks that represent our horological heritage. Accordingly, the authors emphasize that sensitive and sympathetic clock case restoration is essential and, indeed, is the most economically attractive approach to adopt.

This book studies the electrical, optical and structural properties of the Be-oped GaInas/AlGaAs multiple quantum-well structures (MQWs) at different doping density in the GaInls well, both designed and fabricated in house. The higher Be-doping density in the wells was found to enhance the compressive strain and increase barrier height of the GaInAs/AlGaAs MQWs through extensive optical characterisation. It caused the shifts of the sub-energy levels in the valence band of the well material and the absorption wavelength resulting from the intersubband absorption. These observations were verified by theoretical calculation based on the six-band Luttinger-Kohn model by taking the Be-doping into account.

Now in its sixth edition, this book is the definitive work on the small precision lathe, past and present. The bulk of de Carle's original text has been retained and covers basic construction, selection, care of and accessories for the lathe, as well as its uses. Likewise, the chapter 'Lathes of the World' is still included, since it represents an unparalelled source of detailed information on lathes and accessories, the manufacture of which ceased many years ago. However, this new edition is fully up to date. The current scene is dealt with at length in the final section, 'Lathes Today', and is the result of extensive world-wide research. The directory of lathe, tool and material stockists has also been completely revised. "The Watchmaker's and Model Engineer's Lathe" is still, to quote one reviewer of a previous edition, 'The standard work on the subject'.

The latest update to Bela Liptak's acclaimed "bible" of instrument engineering is now available. Retaining the format that made the previous editions bestsellers in their own right, the fourth edition of Process Control and Optimization continues the tradition of providing quick and easy access to highly practical information. The authors are practicing engineers, not theoretical people from academia, and their from-the-trenches advice has been repeatedly tested in real-life applications. Expanded coverage includes descriptions of overseas manufacturer's products and concepts, model-based optimization in control theory, new major inventions and innovations in control valves, and a full chapter devoted to safety. With more than 2000 graphs, figures, and tables, this all-inclusive encyclopedic volume replaces an entire library with one authoritative reference. The fourth edition brings the content of the previous editions completely up to date, incorporates the developments of the last decade, and broadens the horizons of the work from an American to a global perspective.

Bela G. Liptak speaks on Post-Oil Energy Technology on the AT&T Tech Channel."

The public spaces and buildings of the United States are home to many thousands of timepieces--bells, time balls, and clock faces--that tower over urban streets, peek out from lobbies, and gleam in store windows. And in the streets and squares beneath them, men, women, and children wear wristwatches of all kinds. Americans have decorated their homes with clocks and included them in their poetry, sermons, stories, and songs. And as political instruments, social tools, and cultural symbols, these personal and public timekeepers have enjoyed a broad currency in art, life, and culture. In Marking Modern Times, Alexis McCrossen relates how the American preoccupation with time led people from across social classes to acquire watches and clocks. While noting the difficulties in regulating and synchronizing so many timepieces, McCrossen expands our understanding of the development of modern time discipline, delving into the ways we have standardized time and describing how timekeepers have served as political, social, and cultural tools in a society that doesn't merely value time but regards access to time as a natural-born right, a privilege of being an American.

According to the FDA Quality System Regulations, manufacturers must ensure that "device packaging and shipping containers are designed and constructed to protect the device from alteration or damage during the customary conditions of processing, storage, handling, and distribution." As specific as this statement is, the FDA does not provide instructions on how to achieve their standards. Validating Medical Packaging demystifies the validation procedure for medical device packaging by providing specific examples and templates for creating and maintaining a validation file.

About the author:

Ronald Pilchik has over 30 years of experience in the healthcare manufacturing industry. As principal of the Techmark Group, he provided consulting services to diverse multinational manufacturers on selecting, developing, and validating medical packaging compatible with their sterilization requirements. He has been chairman of the healthcare packaging section of TAPPI, the packaging committee of HIMA, and a member of AAMI's ISO198 working group on packaging. Mr. Pilchik is program chairman of the HealthPack Conference Series on medical device packaging.

Microsensors and MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) are revolutionising the semiconductor industry. A microsystem or the so-called "system-on-a-chip" combines microelectronic circuitry with microsensors and microactuators. This emergent field has seen the development of applications ranging from the electronic nose and intelligent ear to micro-tweezers and the modern ink-jet nozzle.

Providing a complete overview of microsensor technologies, this unique reference addresses vital integration issues for the successful application of microsensors, MEMS and smart devices.

Features include:

• Review of traditional and emerging fabrication processes including bulk and silicon micromachining, microstereolithography and polymer processing methods.
• Focus on the use of IDT (interdigital transducer) microsensors in the development of low energy budget, wireless MEMS or micromachines.
• Coverage of the katest applications in smart devices including the electronic nose, tongue and finger, along with smart sensors and strcutures such as smart skin.
• An overview of the development of intelligent sensing devices through the use of sensor arrays, parametric compensation of sensor sugnals and ASIC technology.
• Comprehensive appendices outlining vital MEMS material properties, relevant web sites and a guide to key institutions active in the field.

Das von A. Leonhard im Jahre 1940 vorgeschlagene Stabilitatskriterium, bekannt als Zweiortskurvenverfahren, ist im Buch durch Einsatz eines gespiegelten negativ inversen Reglers zu einem neuen Verfahren (DBV) uberarbeitet und in einem Bode-Diagramm mit drei getrennten Amplituden- und Phasengangen angewendet. Das DBV hat mehrere Vorteile gegenuber bekannten Nyquist- oder Michailow-Stabilitatskriterien und lasst die Stabilitat von Regelkreisen direkt anhand Bode-Plots der Regelstrecke prufen. Die UEbungsaufgaben sind mit Loesungen begleitet, die zum besseren Verstandnis mit MATLAB (R) simuliert sind.

The book focuses on the design, materials, process, fabrication, and reliability of chiplet design and heterogeneous integraton packaging. Both principles and engineering practice have been addressed, with more weight placed on engineering practice. This is achieved by providing in-depth study on a number of major topics such as chip partitioning, chip splitting, multiple system and heterogeneous integration with TSV-interposers, multiple system and heterogeneous integration with TSV-less interposers, chiplets lateral communication, system-in-package, fan-out wafer/panel-level packaging, and various Cu-Cu hybrid bonding. The book can benefit researchers, engineers, and graduate students in fields of electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, materials sciences, and industry engineering, etc.

This book describes the fundamentals of microfluidics and fabrication methods of microfluidic devices that can be adopted for animal-assisted reproduction. It presents microfluidic methods for sorting highly fertile spermatozoa. This book also describes the application of microfluidics in vitro fertilization and embryo culture. It discusses the use of microfluidics in sperm sexing and the cryopreservation of animal gametes and embryos. Lastly, the book examines the potential opportunities of microfluidics in infertility diagnosis, sperm selection and guidance, oocyte selection, insemination, and embryo monitoring.

Mechanics of Biological Systems & Micro-and Nanomechanics, Volume 5 of the Proceedings of the 2020 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the fifth volume of seven from the Conference, brings together contributions to important areas of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of topics, including: Cell Mechanics & Traumatic Brain Injury Micromechanical Testing Adhesion and Fracture MEMS Devices and Technology Nano-scale Deformation Mechanisms 1D & 2D Materials Tribology & Wear Research and Applications in Progress

The book provides design engineers an elemental understanding of the variables that influence pressure drop and heat transfer in plain and micro-fin tubes to thermal systems using liquid single-phase flow in different industrial applications. It also provides design engineers using gas-liquid, two-phase flow in different industrial applications the necessary fundamentals of the two-phase flow variables. The author and his colleagues were the first to determine experimentally the very important relationship between inlet geometry and transition. On the basis of their results, they developed practical and easy to use correlations for the isothermal and non-isothermal friction factor (pressure drop) and heat transfer coefficient (Nusselt number) in the transition region as well as the laminar and turbulent flow regions for different inlet configurations and fin geometry. This work presented herein provides the thermal systems design engineer the necessary design tools. The author further presents a succinct review of the flow patterns, void fraction, pressure drop and non-boiling heat transfer phenomenon and recommends some of the well scrutinized modeling techniques.

This textbook introduces senior undergraduate and beginning graduate students of mechanical engineering to the field of digital control with an emphasis on applications. Both transform-based and state-variable approaches are included, with a brief introduction to system identification. The material requires some understanding of the Laplace transform and assumes that the reader has studied linear feedback control systems. Adopting an accessible, "tutorial" format, the text presents a clear and concise treatment of Linear Difference Equations, Discrete Simulation of Continuous Systems, Sampled Data Systems, Design using Laplace and Z Transforms, Introduction to Continuous State Space, Digital Control Design using State Space Methods (including state estimators), and System Identification using Least Squares.

This book is aimed at those in engineering/scientific fields who have never learned programming before but are eager to master the C language quickly so as to immediately apply it to problem solving in numerical analysis. The book skips unnecessary formality but explains all the important aspects of C essential for numerical analysis. Topics covered in numerical analysis include single and simultaneous equations, differential equations, numerical integration, and simulations by random numbers. In the Appendices, quick tutorials for gnuplot, Octave/MATLAB, and FORTRAN for C users are provided.