The book provides design engineers an elemental understanding of the variables that influence pressure drop and heat transfer in plain and micro-fin tubes to thermal systems using liquid single-phase flow in different industrial applications. It also provides design engineers using gas-liquid, two-phase flow in different industrial applications the necessary fundamentals of the two-phase flow variables. The author and his colleagues were the first to determine experimentally the very important relationship between inlet geometry and transition. On the basis of their results, they developed practical and easy to use correlations for the isothermal and non-isothermal friction factor (pressure drop) and heat transfer coefficient (Nusselt number) in the transition region as well as the laminar and turbulent flow regions for different inlet configurations and fin geometry. This work presented herein provides the thermal systems design engineer the necessary design tools. The author further presents a succinct review of the flow patterns, void fraction, pressure drop and non-boiling heat transfer phenomenon and recommends some of the well scrutinized modeling techniques.

This book is aimed at those in engineering/scientific fields who have never learned programming before but are eager to master the C language quickly so as to immediately apply it to problem solving in numerical analysis. The book skips unnecessary formality but explains all the important aspects of C essential for numerical analysis. Topics covered in numerical analysis include single and simultaneous equations, differential equations, numerical integration, and simulations by random numbers. In the Appendices, quick tutorials for gnuplot, Octave/MATLAB, and FORTRAN for C users are provided.

Since the 13th century, a few special public clocks have included the movement of the sun, moon, earth and other planets, and from those early days Jacks were devised as human figures which actually "struck" the hours. Soon thereafter, automata appeared as mechanical figures that performed many and various acts, such as the four knights on horseback who joust on the hour at the Wells Cathedral in England. Over 300 clocks, for buildings or tabletops, which do far more than tell time, are presented here with concise historical explanations, detailed drawings, and clear color photography. 22 chapters examine the amazing mystery, novelty, and fantasy clocks that display magical acts, appear to require no power to drive them, or have no apparent connection between the movement and the hands. Famous makers in England, Germany, France, and Switzerland created these special clocks which became treasures of royalty throughout Europe and Asia, particularly in Chinese courts. Clocks with mysterious, novel, and fantastic features continue to be made up to the present for retailers such as Asprey and Cartier. For over 700 years these amazing clocks have delighted and challenged all who witness their makers' ingenuity.

The skeleton clock probably is the most fascinating of all clocks. It displays, by means of its fretted-out frame and lack of any protective case other than a glass dome, its inner-most workings. Therefore, this type of clock attracted the attention of some of the finest makers, particularly those working in France from circa 1760-1860 as it enabled them to display their skills so completely. It was for the same reason that it was popular with their wealthy clients, who could show off their latest acquisitions so perfectly. A typical example of this is an amazing clock made by Sarton for the Duke of Lorraine, the dial of which swings to and fro so that wherever you are sitting in the room you can see it clearly. Other examples are the glass-plated clocks which apparently have no frame and often go for six months at a single winding, and clocks which show not only the time but also such things as day, date, month, moons, age and phases, sunrise and sunset, the time in other world locations, and even the equation of time(i.e. the difference between the sun's and our time). Many of these are more than clocks-they are great works of art. Numerous examples, including the products of countries such as France, Holland, Austria, and America are included and fully illustrated, frequently in color, in this book. There is a chapter on modern skeleton clocks that shows that fine clockmaking still is very much alive and well. The fascinating information on skeleton clocks made in America is the first full account to be published in over a decade.

Ozone is a harmful gas to people's health even at low concentrations. Thus, it has attracted much interest to develop portable energy-saving high-resolution ozone sensors. In this book, the physical principle of photon stimulated ozone sensors based on indium oxide nanostructures has been investigated. Ozone sensors have been integrated with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and the sensor performance towards real applications has been tested. To examine the mechanisms of photon stimulation (photoreduction) and oxidation effects, electrical, surface analytical and structural characterisation of ozone sensing layers were performed and analysed. Moreover, optical fibre sensor has found applications in the biomedical research, industrial process control and environmental monitoring. This book provides a review of the optical fibre sensor, especially focused on the optical fibre sensor development and its application in gas detection. In addition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a sensitive tool providing information on various physical and chemical properties of materials, as well as on interaction processes occurring in the bulk or at the surface of these materials. In this book, the use of impedimetric transducers based on interdigitated electrode arrays (IDEA) for chemical and bio-sensors development is reviewed. Different designs of IDEA devices are presented and the effect of the transducer geometry on resulting impedance spectra is discussed. The authors also examine the development of an amperometric biosensor for phenol detection. The variables that exert influence on the performance of the biosensor response, including enzyme immobilisation procedure, laccase amounts, pH and working potential were investigated as well. Furthermore, the feasibility of the biosensor response for various phenol compounds was also investigated. Recent advances in sensor technology, signal processing and pattern recognition algorithms have led to the development of chemical sensing instruments housing one or more non-specific gas sensors. This book also reviews the recent applications of non-specific gas sensor array technologies used for environmental monitoring of odours; including a brief history on odour measurement applications; the different types of sensors utilised in gas sensor array systems and a range of pattern recognition techniques, from simple statistical analyses to artificial neural networks, used for the purpose of odour identification and quantification is also discussed.

The latest update to Bela Liptak's acclaimed "bible" of instrument engineering is now available. Retaining the format that made the previous editions bestsellers in their own right, the fourth edition of Process Control and Optimization continues the tradition of providing quick and easy access to highly practical information. The authors are practicing engineers, not theoretical people from academia, and their from-the-trenches advice has been repeatedly tested in real-life applications. Expanded coverage includes descriptions of overseas manufacturer's products and concepts, model-based optimization in control theory, new major inventions and innovations in control valves, and a full chapter devoted to safety. With more than 2000 graphs, figures, and tables, this all-inclusive encyclopedic volume replaces an entire library with one authoritative reference. The fourth edition brings the content of the previous editions completely up to date, incorporates the developments of the last decade, and broadens the horizons of the work from an American to a global perspective.

Bela G. Liptak speaks on Post-Oil Energy Technology on the AT&T Tech Channel."

ASME Code for Power Boilers Simplified! Now theres a quick, easy way to make sense of one of the industrys most widely used regulatory documents: The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. The ASME Code Simplified: Power Boilers, by Dyer D. Carroll and Dyer E. Carroll, Jr., clarifies every aspect of Section 1 of the Code plus its latest updates. You get dozens of real-world examples that help you apply the Code to the design, fabrication, repair, inspection and testing of all types of power boilers. Much more than just a Code ``decoder, it packs easy-to-follow procedures for obtaining ``S and ``R stamps plus scores of sample problems, questions and answers that help you prepare for the National Boiler and Pressure Vessel Board as well as ``A and ``B endorsement exams. You get instant access to the latest requirements for: Cylindrical components under both internal and external pressure; Formed heads; Braced and stayed surfaces; Reinforced openings in heads and shells; Appurtenances and appliances; Much more.

Engineer precision liquid, gas, and steam flow measurement Heres the first place to turn to select, install calibrate, and take full advantage of todays most popular flowmeters--including the latest V:-Cone, Wedge, Gilflo, Thermal mass, and laminar devices. Flow expert R.W. Miller has completely updated Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook, Third Edition, to develop vanguard ISO (including ISO 9000), ASME, and ANSI standards into hands-on US and SI unit engineering equations for everything from water to natural gas. You get state-of-the-art solutions on: fluid properties; measurement; accuracy; influence quantities; selection; installation; differential producers; volumetric and mass flow rate equations; design; fixed geometry devices; computation; critical flow; linear flowmeters; meter influence quantities; and more.

"A Chronometer is a precision watch, which is regulated in various positions and at different temperatures and has received a certificate to that effect." This definition of a chronometer was formulated in 1951 by the Organization of Swiss Watch Manufacturers. This book gives a detailed account of chronometer testing for wristwatches in Europe, with information about testing methods, procedures, and guidelines. as well as participating makers based on Swiss Testing Agencies' yearly reports from 1925 and the Swiss Observatories' reports kept between 1941 and 1967. More than 60 chronometer wristwatches by known makers are discussed, as well as their tests. Types of errors and their possible causes will be pinpointed. Practical chronometer testing will be taught, as will the differences between chronometer and non-chronometer wristwatches from various European countries. In addition to the many photographs in the illustration section, a register listing more than 300 Swiss watch manufacturers who made chronometer wristwatches will be very useful. The reader also receives hints about fakes and forgeries.

'An utterly dazzling book, the best piece of history I have read for a long time' Jerry Brotton, author of A History of the World in Twelve Maps 'Not merely an horologist's delight, but an ingenious meditation on the nature and symbolism of time-keeping itself' Richard Holmes The measurement of time has always been essential to human civilization, from early Roman sundials to the advent of GPS. But while we have one eye on the time every day, are we aware of the power clocks have given governments, military leaders and business owners, and how they have shaped our lives and our world? In this spectacularly far-reaching book, David Rooney narrates a history of timekeeping and civilization in twelve concise chapters. Over their course, we meet the most epochal inventions in horological history, from medieval water clocks to Renaissance hourglasses, and from stock-exchange timestamps to satellites in Earth's orbit. We discover how clocks have helped people navigate the globe and build empires, but also, on occasion, taken us to the brink of destruction. This is the story of time, and the story of time is the story of us.

Challenges in Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials, and Micro-and Nanomechanics, Volume 2 of the Proceedings of the 2021 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the second volume of four from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Experimental Mechanics, including papers in the following general technical research areas: Characterization Across Length Scales Extreme Conditions & Environmental Effects Damage, Fatigue and Fracture Structure, Function and Performance Rate Effects in Elastomers Viscoelasticity & Viscoplasticity Research in Progress Extreme Nanomechanics In-Situ Nanomechanics Expanding Boundaries in Metrology Micro and Nanoscale Deformation MEMS for Actuation, Sensing and Characterization 1D & 2D Materials Cardiac Mechanics Cell Mechanics Biofilms and Microbe Mechanics Traumatic Brain Injury Orthopedic Biomechanics Ligaments and Soft Materials

CHRONOMETERS - Marine and pocket chronometers, pocket watches with tourbillons or carousels form, in the large family of clocks, a small group of very precisely running timepieces with little sensitivity to external influences, such as variations in temperature. In the text, the author takes up the fascinating development and history of the chronometer, portrays the most important manufactures in short biographies, and reports on the great voyages of discovery in the 18th Century that proved the utility of the chronometer as a navigational instrument. The illustration section, divided into five sections on the basis of historical and technical standpoints, portays some 350 items in the antique trade and at auctions or seen in private collections, with special emphasis placed on illustrations of their movements.

The art of tracking time has been evidenced for over 300 years in the Black Forest area of Germany. Cuckoo and singing bird clocks, early glass bell, trumpeter, Jockele, animation, and picture frame clocks all have in the Black Forest area by skilled clockmakers who have transformed the function of time into a true form of art through their clocks. Rick Ortenburger's important new study traces the development of this fascinating Black Forest clock industry between about 1700 and 1930. He provides useful information that will meet the collectors' need and increase the appreciation of the beautiful craft these clocks represent. Photographs in color and black and white of 600 different examples make the industry's evolution from early cottage farm houses to the later development of factories come to life.