'An utterly dazzling book, the best piece of history I have read for a long time' Jerry Brotton, author of A History of the World in Twelve Maps 'Not merely an horologist's delight, but an ingenious meditation on the nature and symbolism of time-keeping itself' Richard Holmes The measurement of time has always been essential to human civilization, from early Roman sundials to the advent of GPS. But while we have one eye on the time every day, are we aware of the power clocks have given governments, military leaders and business owners, and how they have shaped our lives and our world? In this spectacularly far-reaching book, David Rooney narrates a history of timekeeping and civilization in twelve concise chapters. Over their course, we meet the most epochal inventions in horological history, from medieval water clocks to Renaissance hourglasses, and from stock-exchange timestamps to satellites in Earth's orbit. We discover how clocks have helped people navigate the globe and build empires, but also, on occasion, taken us to the brink of destruction. This is the story of time, and the story of time is the story of us.

In diesem Buch wird eine systematische praxisbezogene Grundlage fur viele unterschiedliche Prufaufgaben vermittelt. Der Leser ist in kurzer Zeit in der Lage, Probleme der Messtechnik zu erkennen und fur eine optimale Loesung richtig zu analysieren. Durch zahlreiche aktuelle Praxisbeispiele werden auch Veranderungen des Messergebnisses durch Fremdfelder betrachtet. Die Gesamtmessunsicherheit wird mit Hilfe von Modellgleichungen analysiert und dokumentiert. Das Buch eignet sich sehr gut als Nachschlagewerk fur Techniker und Ingenieure sowie als studienbegleitende Literatur.

This book explores the recent advances in designing and synthesizing one- and two-dimensional metal chalcogenide nanostructures, along with their practical applications, helping readers understand what has happened, and what is currently happening in the field of nanotechnology. It also includes a comprehensive table showing 1D and 2D nanostructured metal chalcogenides, which presents the recent developments from a synthetic point of view. Further, it describes the wide applicability of anisotropic metal chalcogenides, such as in electronics, energy storage and conversion, and sensors. Lastly it discusses the current understanding of the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects associated with the forming mechanisms of anisotropic metal chalcogenide nanostructures. This book is a valuable reference resource for practitioners and researchers, enabling them to obtain a quick overview of anisotropic metal chalcogenide nanomaterials through synthetic approaches and related applications. Presenting representative applications of anisotropic metal chalcogenide nanomaterials that are important in the industrial sector, it is also of interest to academics and industry specialists.

Mastering the complexity of innovative systems is a challenging aspect of design and product development. Only a systematic approach can help to embed an increasing degree of smartness in devices and machines, allowing them to adapt to variable conditions or harsh environments. At the same time, customer needs have to be identified before they can be translated into consistent technical requirements. The field of Systems Engineering provides a method, a process, suitable tools and languages to cope with the complexity of various systems such as motor vehicles, robots, railways systems, aircraft and spacecraft, smart manufacturing systems, microsystems, and bio-inspired devices. It makes it possible to trace the entire product lifecycle, by ensuring that requirements are matched to system functions, and functions are matched to components and subsystems, down to the level of assembled parts. This book discusses how Systems Engineering can be suitably deployed and how its benefits are currently being exploited by Product Lifecycle Management. It investigates the fundamentals of Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) through a general introduction to this topic and provides two examples of real systems, helping readers understand how these tools are used. The first, which involves the mechatronics of industrial systems, serves to reinforce the main content of the book, while the second describes an industrial implementation of the MBSE tools in the context of developing the on-board systems of a commercial aircraft.

The book presents high-quality papers from the Eighth Asia International Symposium on Mechatronics (AISM 2021). It discusses the latest technological trends and advances in electromechanical coupling and environmental adaptability design of electronic equipment, sensing and measurement, mechatronics in manufacturing and automations, energy harvesting & storage, robotics, automation and control systems. It includes papers based on original theoretical, practical and experimental simulations, development, applications, measurements, and testing. The applications and solutions discussed in the book provide excellent reference material for future product development.

Big Ben covers the history of 'Big Ben', the great clock and bells at Westminster, from the origins of Westminster as the seat of government right up to the celebrations of the Great Clock's 150th anniversary in 2009.
The book begins by taking the reader through a typical visit to the Clock Tower, and then begins the history of the palace of Westminster, covering the fire of 1834, the building of the New Houses of Parliament and development of the clock and the bells, going into detail on their design and installation. The book covers the famous cracking of the current bell Big Ben in 1859, with sketches of all the characters involved, the two world wars, and the disaster of 1976. The book ends with a detailed technical description of the clock mechanism.
The book is richly illustrated, and will appeal not only to clockmakers and horologists, but to bell enthusiasts, and those with an interest in our rich Victorian heritage.

This is the story of Rupert T. Gould (1890-1948), the polymath and horologist. A remarkable man, Lt Cmdr Gould made important contributions in an extraordinary range of subject areas throughout his relatively short and dramatically troubled life. From antique clocks to scientific mysteries, from typewriters to the first systematic study of the Loch Ness Monster, Gould studied and published on them all. With the title The Stargazer, Gould was an early broadcaster on the BBC's Children's Hour when, with his encyclopaedic knowledge, he became known as The Man Who Knew Everything. Not surprisingly, he was also part of that elite group on BBC radio who formed The Brains Trust, giving on-the-spot answers to all manner of wide ranging and difficult questions. With his wide learning and photographic memory, Gould awed a national audience, becoming one of the era's radio celebrities.
During the 1920s Gould restored the complex and highly significant marine timekeepers constructed by John Harrison (1693-1776), and wrote the unsurpassed classic, The Marine Chronometer, its History and Development. Today he is virtually unknown, his horological contributions scarcely mentioned in Dava Sobel's bestseller Longitude. The TV version of Longitude, in which Jeremy Irons played Rupert Gould, did at least introduce Gould's name to a wider public.
Gould suffered terrible bouts of depression, resulting in a number of nervous breakdowns. These, coupled with his obsessive and pedantic nature, led to a scandalously-reported separation from his wife and cost him his family, his home, his job, and his closest friends.
In this first-ever biography of Rupert Gould, Jonathan Betts, the RoyalObservatory Greenwich's Senior Horologist, has given us a compelling account of a talented but flawed individual. Using hitherto unknown personal journals, the family's extensive collection of photographs, and the polymath's surviving records and notes, Betts tells the story of how Gould's early life, his naval career, and his celebrity status came together as this talented Englishman restored part of Britain's--and the world's--most important technical heritage: John Harrison's marine timekeepers.

Forewords by Jean-Claude Biver (CEO of Tag Heuer) and Aurel Bacs (Christie's and Phillips auctioneers). This breathtaking book explores more than 50 of the rarest watches in the world, including unique examples of which only a single model exists. From watches that have set new records in auction houses, to feats of modern technology and engineering, via iconic models worn by figures such as Elvis Presley and James Bond, this book appeals to professionals, collectors and amateurs alike. The photography in this book is published in collaboration with high-end auction houses and watch manufacturers, displaying some of the rarest, most expensive and sought-after watches in the world in incredible detail.

Dieses Worterbuch erleichtert den Einstieg in die oft verwirrende Begriffswelt der Mikroelektronik und der Mikrorechnertechnik und der mit ihr verbundenen Datenverarbeitungstechnik und Informatik. Die 10.000 Begriffe sind aus der Praxis gegriffen und mit prazisen Erklarungen erganzt. Jeder vierte Begriff ist mit einer knapp formulierten Erklarung versehen. Ein unentbehrliches Nachschlagewerk fur alle, die mit Mikroelektronik und Mikrorechnertechnik konfrontiert werden."

The pendulum is a constant source of interest to scientists. Great and well-known inventors such as Galileo, Huygens, and Kelvin all devised mechanisms to maintain its even oscillations. The solutions to the essential problem of maintaining a pendulum in motion without disturbing its natural rhythm are as diverse as the characters who devised them.

By tracing the story of his own contributions to this subject, the author illuminates the human ingenuity employed in pursuit of an impossible goal of perfection, and highlights a fascinating corner of technology now overtaken by electronics.

energy production, environmental management, transportation, communication, computation, and education. As the twenty-first century unfolds, nanotechnology's impact on the health, wealth, and security of the world's people is expected to be at least as significant as the combined influences in this century of antibiotics, the integrated circuit, and human-made polymers. Dr. Neal Lane, Advisor to the President for Science and Technology and former National Science Foundation (NSF) director, stated at a Congressional hearing in April 1998, "If I were asked for an area of science and engineering that will most likely produce the breakthroughs of tomorrow, I would point to nanoscale science and engineering. " Recognizing this potential, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) have issued a joint memorandum to Federal agency heads that identifies nanotechnology as a research priority area for Federal investment in fiscal year 2001. This report charts "Nanotechnology Research Directions," as developed by the Interagency W orking Group on Nano Science, Engineering, and Technology (IWGN) of the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC). The report incorporates the views of leading experts from government, academia, and the private sector. It reflects the consensus reached at an IWGN-sponsored workshop held on January 27-29, 1999, and detailed in contributions submitted thereafter by members of the V. S. science and engineering community. (See Appendix A for a list of contributors.

Theory of Applied Robotics: Kinematics, Dynamics, and Control presents detailed robotics concepts at a theoretical-practical level, concentrating on their practical use. Related theorems and formal proofs are provided, as are real-life applications. This new edition is completely revised, and includes updated and expanded example sets and problems and new materials. This textbook is designed for undergraduate or first-year graduate programs in mechanical, systems, and industrial engineering. Practicing engineers, researchers, and related professionals will appreciate the book's user-friendly presentation of a wealth of robotics topics, most notably in 3D kinematics and dynamics of manipulator robots.

A wide variety of optical instruments exists in which the human eye forms an integral part of the system. This book provides a detailed description of the visual ergonomics of such instruments. The book begins with a section on image formation and basic optical components. The authors then discuss various optical instruments that can be adequately described using geometrical optics, and follow this with a section on diffraction and interference, and the instruments based on these effects. There are separate sections devoted to ophthalmic instruments and aberration theory, with a final section covering visual ergonomics in depth. Containing many problems and solutions, this book will be of great use to undergraduate and graduate students of optometry, optical design, optical engineering, and visual science, and to professionals working in these and related fields.

Dieses Buch erlautert Aufbau, Funktionsweise und Auslegung elektrischer Antriebe. Schwerpunkte sind die permanenterregte Synchronmaschine mit den erforderlichen Sensoren und zugehoerigen Regelverfahren sowie die Anbindung uber Kommunikationssysteme an die ubergeordnete Steuerung.

This historical overview of the various styles of American shelf and wall clocks covers the centuries and gives visual pleasure every step of the way. The original owners of these clocks were interested as much in how they looked as in how they told time, so they are quite attractive and are good examples of the cabinet maker's art. The collector can acquire the majority of these beautiful clocks at relatively fair and modest prices, which makes them popular. Gathered from auction houses, museums, and private collections, over 1250 clocks are illustrated here in this newly revised and expanded second edition. Approximately one-third of the photographs are in color, with the remainder in clear black and white. Each is accompanied by an informative caption that will be great help to the reader. A newly updated value guide will be of invaluable assistance to the collector. In illustrating the early growth of the clock making industry in the United States, Mr. Ball has captured an important part of our history.

This book focuses on the use of bio-inspired and biomimetic methods for the fabrication and activation of nanomaterials. This includes studies concerning the binding of the biomolecules to the surface of inorganic structures, structure/function relationships of the final materials and extensive discussions on the final applications of such biomimetic materials in unique applications including energy harvesting/storage, biomedical diagnostics and materials assembly.

This critical volume provides an in-depth presentation of copper wire bonding technologies, processes and equipment, along with the economic benefits and risks. Due to the increasing cost of materials used to make electronic components, the electronics industry has been rapidly moving from high cost gold to significantly lower cost copper as a wire bonding material. However, copper wire bonding has several process and reliability concerns due to its material properties. Copper Wire Bonding book lays out the challenges involved in replacing gold with copper as a wire bond material, and includes the bonding process changes-bond force, electric flame off, current and ultrasonic energy optimization, and bonding tools and equipment changes for first and second bond formation. In addition, the bond-pad metallurgies and the use of bare and palladium-coated copper wires on aluminum are presented, and gold, nickel and palladium surface finishes are discussed. The book also discusses best practices and recommendations on the bond process, bond-pad metallurgies, and appropriate reliability tests for copper wire-bonded electronic components. In summary, this book: Introduces copper wire bonding technologies Presents copper wire bonding processes Discusses copper wire bonding metallurgies Covers recent advancements in copper wire bonding including the bonding process, equipment changes, bond-pad materials and surface finishes Covers the reliability tests and concerns Covers the current implementation of copper wire bonding in the electronics industry Features 120 figures and tables Copper Wire Bonding is an essential reference for industry professionals seeking detailed information on all facets of copper wire bonding technology.

Smart Materials-Based Actuators at the Micro/Nano-Scale: Characterization, Control, and Applications gives a state of the art of emerging techniques to the characterization and control of actuators based on smart materials working at the micro/nano scale. The book aims to characterize some commonly used structures based on piezoelectric and electroactive polymeric actuators and also focuses on various and emerging techniques employed to control them. This book also includes two of the most emerging topics and applications: nanorobotics and cells micro/nano-manipulation.

Reliability of Microtechnology discusses the reliability of microtechnology products from the bottom up, beginning with devices and extending to systems. The book's focus includes but is not limited to reliability issues of interconnects, the methodology of reliability concepts and general failure mechanisms. Specific failure modes in solder and conductive adhesives are discussed at great length. Coverage of accelerated testing, component and system level reliability, and reliability design for manufacturability are also described in detail. The book also includes exercises and detailed solutions at the end of each chapter.

Mechanics Over Micro and Nano Scales covers the recent developments in the fields of mechanics in all forms over micro, meso and nano scales. Special emphasis is given to related novel applications and includes fundamental aspects of fluid and solid mechanics, soft matters, scaling laws, and synthetic biology. At the micro and nano scales, realization of many technologically viable ideas relies on the skillful integration of mechanics at macroscopic and molecular levels, both for solids as well as fluids. Research in the related areas is no longer confined to the understanding of the governing the physics of the system, but is also responsible for triggering a technological revolution at small scales. This book also: discusses the fundamentals of mechanics over micro and nano scales in a level accessible to multi-disciplinary researchers, with a balance of mathematical details and physical principles, covers life sciences and chemistry for use in emerging applications related to mechanics over small scales and demonstrates the explicit interconnection between various scale issues and the mechanics of miniaturized systems. Mechanics Over Micro and Nano Scales is an ideal book for researchers and engineers working in mechanics of both solids and fluids.

Learn the basic movements of a wrist watch and how to repair them on your own. Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900's and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.

This book studies the electrical, optical and structural properties of the Be-oped GaInas/AlGaAs multiple quantum-well structures (MQWs) at different doping density in the GaInls well, both designed and fabricated in house. The higher Be-doping density in the wells was found to enhance the compressive strain and increase barrier height of the GaInAs/AlGaAs MQWs through extensive optical characterisation. It caused the shifts of the sub-energy levels in the valence band of the well material and the absorption wavelength resulting from the intersubband absorption. These observations were verified by theoretical calculation based on the six-band Luttinger-Kohn model by taking the Be-doping into account.

Ozone is a harmful gas to people's health even at low concentrations. Thus, it has attracted much interest to develop portable energy-saving high-resolution ozone sensors. In this book, the physical principle of photon stimulated ozone sensors based on indium oxide nanostructures has been investigated. Ozone sensors have been integrated with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and the sensor performance towards real applications has been tested. To examine the mechanisms of photon stimulation (photoreduction) and oxidation effects, electrical, surface analytical and structural characterisation of ozone sensing layers were performed and analysed. Moreover, optical fibre sensor has found applications in the biomedical research, industrial process control and environmental monitoring. This book provides a review of the optical fibre sensor, especially focused on the optical fibre sensor development and its application in gas detection. In addition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a sensitive tool providing information on various physical and chemical properties of materials, as well as on interaction processes occurring in the bulk or at the surface of these materials. In this book, the use of impedimetric transducers based on interdigitated electrode arrays (IDEA) for chemical and bio-sensors development is reviewed. Different designs of IDEA devices are presented and the effect of the transducer geometry on resulting impedance spectra is discussed. The authors also examine the development of an amperometric biosensor for phenol detection. The variables that exert influence on the performance of the biosensor response, including enzyme immobilisation procedure, laccase amounts, pH and working potential were investigated as well. Furthermore, the feasibility of the biosensor response for various phenol compounds was also investigated. Recent advances in sensor technology, signal processing and pattern recognition algorithms have led to the development of chemical sensing instruments housing one or more non-specific gas sensors. This book also reviews the recent applications of non-specific gas sensor array technologies used for environmental monitoring of odours; including a brief history on odour measurement applications; the different types of sensors utilised in gas sensor array systems and a range of pattern recognition techniques, from simple statistical analyses to artificial neural networks, used for the purpose of odour identification and quantification is also discussed.

SINGER made the Model 221 Featherweight Sewing Machine. Everyone knows that. But have you ever wondered about who the actual person was that first designed it? Have you ever wondered who came up with all the design changes that eventually became the Singer featherweight that we know and enjoy today? This book tells all. To see my other books, visit my website at www.DarrelKaiserBooks.com