Recent events have vividly underscored the societal importance of science, yet the majority of the public are unaware that a large proportion of published scientific results are simply wrong. The Problem with Science is an exploration of the manifestations and causes of this scientific crisis, accompanied by a description of the very promising corrective initiatives largely developed over the past decade to stem the spate of irreproducible results that have come to characterize many of our sciences. More importantly, Dr. R. Barker Bausell has designed it to provide guidance to practicing and aspiring scientists regarding how (a) to change the way in which science has come to be both conducted and reported in order to avoid producing false positive, irreproducible results in their own work and (b) to change those institutional practices (primarily but not exclusively involving the traditional journal publishing process and the academic reward system) that have unwittingly contributed to the present crisis. There is a need for change in the scientific culture itself. A culture which prioritizes conducting research correctly in order to get things right rather than simply getting it published.

This edited collection will provide an overview of the field of physiological computing, i.e. the use of physiological signals as input for computer control. It will cover a breadth of current research, from brain-computer interfaces to telemedicine.

N.N. Ladygina-Kohts earned her degree in comparative psychology at Moscow University in 1917, then became the first curator of the Darwin Museum in Moscow. Her pioneering work with the chimpanzee, Joni, was reported throughout the continent during her lifetime, earning her a series of honors in the Soviet Union. Unfortunately, Infant Chimpanzee and Human Child, her diary comparing Joni's development with that of her son, Rudy, had never been translated completely. This volume presents the first, complete English translation with 120 photographs, an introduction by Allen and Beatrix Gardner of the Center for Advanced Study at the University of Nevada and an Afterword by Lisa A. Parr, Signe Preuschoft, and Frans B. M. de Waal of the Living Links Center.

"Why Science Matters: Understanding the Methods of Psychological Research "rises above standard research methods texts by presenting an up-to-date view of contemporary psychological science as it is currently understood and practiced.
Explores not only the procedural aspects of psychological research, but also delves into the issue of how to accomplish effective science.
Explicates how hypotheses and theories are to be evaluated.
Suggests that the proper approach to devising and evaluating theories is by abduction, not by induction or deduction alone.
Incorporates new investigatory procedures, current methodologists, conflicts and issues, implications of the philosophy of science, and a lively prose style.
Provides a picture of science that will engage students and expand their abilities as both scientists and psychologists.

This book applies a range of ideas about scientific discovery found in contemporary philosophy of science to psychology and related behavioral sciences. In doing so, it aims to advance our understanding of a host of important methodological ideas as they apply to those sciences. A philosophy of local scientific realism is adopted in favor of traditional accounts that are thought to apply to all sciences. As part of this philosophy, the implications of a commitment to philosophical naturalism are spelt out, and a correspondence theory of truth is defended by showing how it helps explain various features of scientific practice. The central chapter of the book presents a broad theory of scientific method that comprises the detection of empirical phenomena and their subsequent understanding by constructing explanatory theories through the use of abductive methods. This theory of scientific method is then used as a framework to reconstruct the well-known qualitative method of grounded theory, and to present a systematic perspective on clinical reasoning and case formulation. Relatedly, an abductive or explanationist understanding of methods is employed to evaluate the knowledge credentials of evolutionary psychology. In addition, the conceptual and methodological foundations of a variety of quantitative methods are examined. Exploratory factor analysis and tests of statistical significance are given special attention.

Developed to bridge the content covered in psychology survey courses and more advanced undergraduate psychology curriculum, Psychology as a Science and a Profession helps students better understand psychological science and the variety of potential careers available to them within the field. Throughout the text, students are empowered to find relevant research articles in scientific journals, recognize their predictable structure, and comprehend the main points of a study. They learn how to evaluate scientific claims made in the media and other non-scientific outlets. In exploring these various facets of psychological science, students gain a greater understanding of the discipline and can better determine if a career in psychology is for them. The book is organized into three sections. Unit I defines psychology and psychologists' roles, presents the rationale for studying the discipline, shares best practices to help students succeed in their psychological studies, and provides an overview of careers in psychology and other related areas. The chapters in Unit II begin with an overview of scientific principles, next address strategies for success in finding, reading, and writing psychological science, and conclude with ethics in psychology. The final unit addresses principles of research as applied to psychology. Psychology as a Science and a Profession is an ideal textbook for courses and programs in psychology, especially those emphasizing research methodology.

Jung's Personality Theory Quantified fills an urgent need for professionals using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (R) (MBTI) to map it on to the cognitive modes of Jung's personality theory, avoiding potential logical errors in the traditional "type dynamics" method. It furthers Jung's original concepts while placing them on a solid axiomatic basis not possessed by other personality theories. Bringing these quantitative findings to the millions of MBTI users - managers, consultants, counsellors, teachers, psychoanalysts and human resource professionals - will require further education of those already certified to administer the instrument according to type dynamics. For this reason numerical exercises follow most chapters to make the book a source reference for briefer workbooks usable in enhanced certification programs. Backed by quantitative theory and new graphical methods, the pioneering qualitative typology work of Myers and Briggs is thus extended to yield deeper understanding of the vital topics of human personality, creativity and human relations. Jungian psychoanalysts may find Jung's Personality Theory Quantified helpful in organizing complicated clinical information and it can also enhance the work of MBTI practitioners worldwide.

"Essentials of WRAML2 and TOMAL-2 Assessment" introduces professionals to these two widely used memory measurement batteries, both of which measure memory and are used to supplement evaluations of ADHD and reading problems in youngsters, as well as a number of other disorders across the age span. Written by Wayne Adams and Cecil Reynolds, this essential reference provides administration guidelines, including procedural suggestions and solutions for common problems examiners may encounter; expert assessment of each test's relative strengths and weaknesses; valuable advice on clinical applications; and illuminating case reports.

When this work appeared in 1928, it was probably the most intensive study of any form of the Binet tests ever made, based upon the largest group of preschool children ever reported.

Fashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors presents eye-opening theory, literature review and original research on the mutual influence of branding strategies and consumer response. Contributors use multiple methods to analyze consumers' psychosocial needs and the extent that their fulfillment goes beyond the usefulness or value of the items they purchase as well as the fashion industry's means of communicating brand identity and enhancing brand loyalty. Along the way, these studies raise important questions about consumer behaviors, consumer welfare, environmental ethics and the future of consumer research. Included in the coverage: * A symbolic interactionist perspective on fashion brand personality and advertisement response.* Optimizing fashion branding strategies in a fluctuating market.* An analysis of fashion brand extensions by artificial neural networks.* Domestic or foreign luxury brands? A comparison of status- and non-status- seeking teenagers.* The impact of consumers' need for uniqueness on purchase perception.* How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity and the marketing mix.A breakthrough volume on the complexities of how and why we buy, Fashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors will captivate researchers and practitioners in the fields of consumer psychology, marketing and economics.

This book discusses the psychological traits associated with drug consumption through the statistical analysis of a new database with information on 1885 respondents and use of 18 drugs. After reviewing published works on the psychological profiles of drug users and describing the data mining and machine learning methods used, it demonstrates that the personality traits (five factor model, impulsivity, and sensation seeking) together with simple demographic data make it possible to predict the risk of consumption of individual drugs with a sensitivity and specificity above 70% for most drugs. It also analyzes the correlations of use of different substances and describes the groups of drugs with correlated use, identifying significant differences in personality profiles for users of different drugs. The book is intended for advanced undergraduates and first-year PhD students, as well as researchers and practitioners. Although no previous knowledge of machine learning, advanced data mining concepts or modern psychology of personality is assumed, familiarity with basic statistics and some experience in the use of probabilities would be helpful. For a more detailed introduction to statistical methods, the book provides recommendations for undergraduate textbooks.

This proceedings book highlights the latest research and developments in psychometrics and statistics. Featuring contributions presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Psychometric Society (IMPS), organized by the University of Zurich and held in Zurich, Switzerland from July 17 to 21, 2017, its 34 chapters address a diverse range of psychometric topics including item response theory, factor analysis, causal inference, Bayesian statistics, test equating, cognitive diagnostic models and multistage adaptive testing. The IMPS is one of the largest international meetings on quantitative measurement in psychology, education and the social sciences, attracting over 500 participants and 250 paper presentations from around the world every year. This book gathers the contributions of selected presenters, which were subsequently expanded and peer-reviewed.

From Subject to Subjectivities profiles the recent debates about the role of qualitative and participatory methods in psychology, a discipline which has traditionally seen itself as a form of positivistic science. Contributors explain how fundamentally different views of the nature of reality and of scientific theory have shaped these debates, and how psychology is being transformed through the use of these methods.

At the heart of the book are 10 exemplars of interpretive and participatory action research which describe the rationale for and process of using these methods in actual cases. They also articulate some of the challenges psychologists may face in adopting them, offering insights into how these complications can be successfully negotiated. Relevant beyond psychology, the models provided can be used within the context of a wide array of social science disciplines, from sociology and anthropology to women's studies and public health.

The contributors represent a veritable "who's who" of qualitative scholars, including Lyn Mikel Brown, Larry Davidson, Michelle Fine, Louise Kidder, M. Brinton Lykes, Jeanne Marecek, Abigail Stewart, and Niobe Way.

No previous book has examined qualitative and participatory methods specifically within the context of psychology. From Subjects to Subjectivities provides a unique and badly needed resource for those interested in learning about the practice of these methods in the field.

The rapid social change in the East Asia has brought great research attention on the family, education and political impacts. The growth trajectory of the next generation is exposed to an entirely different context owing to the dual effects of traditional and modern values as well as practices. This book provides an overall picture of the developmental trajectory of Taiwanese youth as a typical example in the region. The time frame is set from early adolescence (13years old) to young adulthood (22yeard old). Individual psychological well-being in its broad definition will be used as the outcome indicator to reflect significant developmental processes during this important transitional life course. Benefitted from the rare panel datasets conducted from 2000-2009, this book has two major focuses: one is to explore the interplay among family, school and community with regard to their influence on the individual growth patterns; the other is to highlight the potential constraint and/or strength of the prevailing social norms and values shared among East Asian societies. To be specific, different chapters will describe and analyze the life chances and growth patterns among youth with different social capitals (including family SES, educational achievement, rural-urban residence, etc.). Their short-term versus long-term outcome, as indicated by various psychological well-being variables (e.g., depressive symptoms, deviant or problem behaviors, happiness, edutional performance), will allow us to delineate the particular structural context that individual East Asian youth encounters and to offer constructive suggestions on family interaction, educational strategy as well as health related policies based on the scientific evidence. This book incorporates comparative reports from other East Asian societies, and from youth panel studies of Australia and the U.S.. The experience of their counter-part in the advanced societies will contribute to readers' understanding of the particular social situation that East Asian youth is embedded in the growth process. In addition, comparative perspective will enable the reader to contemplate on the potential future development of the affluent generation in the region. Since changing social structure occurred in the last few decades in the East Asia has suffered inadequate investigation in the realm of family, education and community, this book provides timely information to fill up the gap. Analyses of the valuable dataset from early adolescents to young adults will attract those who are interested in family researches, in youth studies, in panel data analyses, as well as in the social development in Taiwan and in East Asia.

The Handbook of Computational Social Science is a comprehensive reference source for scholars across multiple disciplines. It outlines key debates in the field, showcasing novel statistical modeling and machine learning methods, and draws from specific case studies to demonstrate the opportunities and challenges in CSS approaches. The Handbook is divided into two volumes written by outstanding, internationally renowned scholars in the field. The first volume focuses on the scope of computational social science, ethics, and case studies. It covers a range of key issues, including open science, formal modeling, and the social and behavioral sciences. This volume explores major debates, introduces digital trace data, reviews the changing survey landscape, and presents novel examples of computational social science research on sensing social interaction, social robots, bots, sentiment, manipulation, and extremism in social media. The volume not only makes major contributions to the consolidation of this growing research field, but also encourages growth into new directions. The second volume focuses on foundations and advances in data science, statistical modeling, and machine learning. It covers a range of key issues, including the management of big data in terms of record linkage, streaming, and missing data. Machine learning, agent-based and statistical modeling, as well as data quality in relation to digital-trace and textual data, as well as probability-, non-probability-, and crowdsourced samples represent further foci. The volume not only makes major contributions to the consolidation of this growing research field, but also encourages growth into new directions. With its broad coverage of perspectives (theoretical, methodological, computational), international scope, and interdisciplinary approach, this important resource is integral reading for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers engaging with computational methods across the social sciences, as well as those within the scientific and engineering sectors.

The Handbook of Computational Social Science is a comprehensive reference source for scholars across multiple disciplines. It outlines key debates in the field, showcasing novel statistical modeling and machine learning methods, and draws from specific case studies to demonstrate the opportunities and challenges in CSS approaches. The Handbook is divided into two volumes written by outstanding, internationally renowned scholars in the field. The first volume focuses on the scope of computational social science, ethics, and case studies. It covers a range of key issues, including open science, formal modeling, and the social and behavioral sciences. This volume explores major debates, introduces digital trace data, reviews the changing survey landscape, and presents novel examples of computational social science research on sensing social interaction, social robots, bots, sentiment, manipulation, and extremism in social media. The volume not only makes major contributions to the consolidation of this growing research field, but also encourages growth into new directions. The second volume focuses on foundations and advances in data science, statistical modeling, and machine learning. It covers a range of key issues, including the management of big data in terms of record linkage, streaming, and missing data. Machine learning, agent-based and statistical modeling, as well as data quality in relation to digital-trace and textual data, as well as probability-, non-probability-, and crowdsourced samples represent further foci. The volume not only makes major contributions to the consolidation of this growing research field, but also encourages growth into new directions. With its broad coverage of perspectives (theoretical, methodological, computational), international scope, and interdisciplinary approach, this important resource is integral reading for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers engaging with computational methods across the social sciences, as well as those within the scientific and engineering sectors.

The research articles in this volume cover timely quantitative psychology topics, including new methods in item response theory, computerized adaptive testing, cognitive diagnostic modeling, and psychological scaling. Topics within general quantitative methodology include structural equation modeling, factor analysis, causal modeling, mediation, missing data methods, and longitudinal data analysis. These methods will appeal, in particular, to researchers in the social sciences. The 80th annual meeting took place in Beijing, China, between the 12th and 16th of July, 2015. Previous volumes to showcase work from the Psychometric Society's Meeting are New Developments in Quantitative Psychology: Presentations from the 77th Annual Psychometric Society Meeting (Springer, 2013), Quantitative Psychology Research: The 78th Annual Meeting of the Psychometric Society (Springer, 2015), and Quantitative Psychology Research: The 79th Annual Meeting of the Psychometric Society, Wisconsin, USA, 2014 (Springer, 2015).

Developmental disorders affect a high percentage of people in contemporary society. As such, it is imperative to dedicate time and research to facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of these disorders. Autism Spectrum Disorders: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice is an innovative reference source for the latest academic material on emerging perspectives, treatment and care techniques, and therapeutic strategies to support individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Highlighting a range of topics such as social skills, educational support, and assistive technologies, this book is ideally designed for healthcare professionals, researchers, students, academics, and practitioners interested in learning more about autism spectrum disorders.

With the growing interest in the great number of culturally, linguistically, and ethnically different families entering the United States, it is essential for researchers and mental health practitioners to acquire a working knowledge that can aid in a healthier adjustment of these families. Although it is impossible for any therapist to understand the traditions, values, and languages of all immigrant groups, a therapist may be guided by a conceptual operational principle that can be implemented across diverse groups and circumstances. Dr. Gopaul-McNicol introduces a model for assessment; the techniques and strategies proposed by this model range from cognitive behavioral interventions to multimodal and multisystems approaches to treatment.

The book covers historical and contemporary perspectives of the influence of culture on an individual's functioning. Assessment issues include intellectual, educational and visual motor assessment and its applicability with culturally diverse clients. The author also highlights ways of misassessing the personality of culturally different individuals and examines the major treatment approaches in counseling the culturally different.

The source of endless speculation and public curiosity, our scientific quest for the origins of human consciousness has expanded along with the technical capabilities of science itself and remains one of the key topics able to fire public as much as academic interest. Yet many problematic issues, identified in this important new book, remain unresolved. Focusing on a series of methodological difficulties swirling around consciousness research, the contributors to this volume suggest that 'consciousness' is, in fact, not a wholly viable scientific concept. Supporting this 'eliminativist' stance are assessments of the current theories and methods of consciousness science in their own terms, as well as applications of good scientific practice criteria from the philosophy of science. For example, the work identifies the central problem of the misuse of qualitative difference and dissociation paradigms, often deployed to identify measures of consciousness. It also examines the difficulties that attend the wide range of experimental protocols used to operationalise consciousness-and the implications this has on the findings of integrative approaches across behavioural and neurophysiological research. The work also explores the significant mismatch between the common intuitions about the content of consciousness, that motivate much of the current science, and the actual properties of the neural processes underlying sensory and cognitive phenomena. Even as it makes the negative eliminativist case, the strong empirical grounding in this volume also allows positive characterisations to be made about the products of the current science of consciousness, facilitating a re-identification of target phenomena and valid research questions for the mind sciences.

This manual has been written for a wide range of dynamic practitioners involved in treating patients with narcissistically-infused issues. The treatment model and case material presented in Listening with Purpose cover the spectrum of narcissistic vulnerability and may be applied to the relatively intact patient as well as to the relatively impaired patient. Throughout, it refers to issues of narcissistic vulnerability, from a perspective that assumes narcissistic mechanisms are implicated in all levels of personality functioning and in all people. They exist both in therapists and clients differing only in the level of prominence and degree of disturbance in the personality. Cutting across several schools of thought, this treatment manual places shame and its derivatives at the very center of narcissistic vulnerabilities, vulnerabilities which create character splits and dissociative phenomena in their wake. One can wonder if therapists have avoided looking at shame because of its contagious qualities. Human experience has demonstrated that shame is a ubiquitous emotion, yet when individuals encounter shame it places them in a seemingly paradoxical position which looks much like a dissociated limbo state with no way out. We experience it and yet don't experience it, we see it and don't see it, we feel it and don't feel it. Therapists and mental health professionals cannot adequately treat unexamined shame from within its core unless he or she finds a compatible language for the theory that informs the interventions. In particular, the theory cannot replicate pre-existing splits embedded within a treatment paradigm and cannot be weighted with theoretical underpinnings that are distancing, objectifying, or removed. The authors have proposed instead an innovative paradigm-shifting model that is very explicit in recommending an experience-near, moment-to-moment immersion in the conflicted and often disoriented life of patients. Unlike existing volumes in the field, Listening with Purpose: Entry Points into Shame and Narcissistic Vulnerability is by design replete with copious down-to-earth examples to help guide one's systemic shift in treatment focus, treatment emphasis, and treatment posture. The shift involves healing on many levels and opens up for re-examination and re-assessment heretofore difficult-to-treat cases of trauma, dissociation, character disturbances, and addictive disorders.

Leading practitioners in the field of psychological assessment approach the topic of psychological assessment in business from a variety of perspectives in this handbook, which is designed to acquaint human resource executives with the benefits of this type of employee screening. Human resource consultants review the elements of psychological testing, psychologists outline the testing and evaluative process, and executives representing a variety of businesses illustrate its effectiveness in case examples. This approach demonstrates that the goal of psychological assessment, successfully matching a prospective employee to a particular job, can be achieved by using many different formats.

The text is careful to emphasize the need for trained psychologists to administer the assessment procedures and evaluate the results. Managers at all levels are then advised how best to utilize these results to minimize employee turnover. A typical assessment profile, including the written report, illustrates the nature of this valuable tool, and some of the oldest consulting firms in the country--as well as companies which currently use psychological assessments--describe its cost-efficiency in depth. End of chapter bibliographies provide access to further examination of the process and its applications, and the work concludes with a look to the requirements of tomorroW's job market and how psychological assessment can help meet those needs.

Although personality assessment and delineation was attempted as early as the fifth century, the intensive study of human personality characteristics and efforts to measure them are less than two hundred years old. Instruments to measure the unconscious aspects of personality began to emerge early in the twentieth century, largely as a result of the work of those interested in the measurement of human perception. The Bender Gestalt Test was catapulted into prominence when World War II provided an urgent need for personality tests to diagnose huge numbers of American soldiers who were culturally and geographically diverse, more than occasionally illiterate, and often suffering from one of many psychiatric disorders or some degree of organic brain syndrome. Since the Bender Gestalt Test could be administered to large groups of soldiers in five to ten minutes, it became one of the most popular tests of that era, and it has remained one of the five most popular and frequently used tests for the assessment of personality and neurologic abnormalities.

American academicians, researchers, and clinicians affected by the surge in cost containment measures of managed health care and the sharply reduced funding in outpatient and inpatient mental health services are seeking expeditious, inexpensive solutions for complex, often chronic problems. The Bender Gestalt Test offers quick, relatively culture-free, non-verbal personality and neurologic information that is ideal for group administration. Based on thirty years of experience with more than twenty thousand subjects of diverse ethnic and educational backgrounds, as well as independent research conducted at the University of Miami, Florida, the system developed by Reichenberg and Raphael offers a new means of extending and increasing the dynamic personality assessment usage of the test. As such, it is of great use to researchers and practitioners in medical and psychiatric hospitals and counseling and assessment programs in both the public and private sectors.