Although much of classical ergodic theory is concerned with single transformations and one-parameter flows, the subject inherits from statistical mechanics not only its name, but also an obligation to analyze spatially extended systems with multidimensional symmetry groups. However, the wealth of concrete and natural examples which has contributed so much to the appeal and development of classical dynamics, is noticeably absent in this more general theory. The purpose of this book is to help remedy this scarcity of explicit examples by introducing a class of continuous Zd-actions diverse enough to exhibit many of the new phenomena encountered in the transition from Z to Zd, but which nevertheless lends itself to systematic study: the Zd-actions by automorphisms of compact, abelian groups. One aspect of these actions, not surprising in itself but quite striking in its extent and depth nonetheless, is the connection with commutative algebra and arithmetical algebraic geometry. The algebraic framework resulting from this connection allows the construction of examples with a variety of specified dynamical properties, and by combining algebraic and dynamical tools one obtains a quite detailed understanding of this class of Zd-actions."

"Inequalities based on Sobolev Representations" deals exclusively with very general tight integral inequalities of Chebyshev-Gruss, Ostrowski types and of integral means, all of which depend upon the Sobolev integral representations of functions. Applicationsillustrate inequalities that engage in ordinary and weak partial derivatives of the involved functions. This book also derives important estimates for the averaged Taylor polynomials and remainders of Sobolev integral representations. The results are examined in all directions and through both univariate and multivariate cases. This book is suitable for researchers, graduate students, and seminars in subareas of mathematical analysis, inequalities, partial differential equations and information theory. "

The field of variable exponent function spaces has witnessed an explosive growth in recent years. The standard reference article for basic properties is already 20 years old. Thus this self-contained monograph collecting all the basic properties of variable exponent Lebesgue and Sobolev spaces is timely and provides a much-needed accessible reference work utilizing consistent notation and terminology. Many results are also provided with new and improved proofs. The book also presents a number of applications to PDE and fluid dynamics.

Was plane geometry your favourite math course in high school? Did you like proving theorems? Are you sick of memorising integrals? If so, real analysis could be your cup of tea. In contrast to calculus and elementary algebra, it involves neither formula manipulation nor applications to other fields of science. None. It is Pure Mathematics, and it is sure to appeal to the budding pure mathematician. In this new introduction to undergraduate real analysis the author takes a different approach from past studies of the subject, by stressing the importance of pictures in mathematics and hard problems. The exposition is informal and relaxed, with many helpful asides, examples and occasional comments from mathematicians like Dieudonne, Littlewood and Osserman. The author has taught the subject many times over the last 35 years at Berkeley and this book is based on the honours version of this course. The book contains an excellent selection of more than 500 exercises.

Semilinear elliptic equations are of fundamental importance for the study of geometry, physics, mechanics, engineering and life sciences. The variational approach to these equations has experienced spectacular success in recent years, reaching a high level of complexity and refinement, with a multitude of applications. Additionally, some of the simplest variational methods are evolving as classical tools in the field of nonlinear differential equations. This book is an introduction to variational methods and their applications to semilinear elliptic problems. Providing a comprehensive overview on the subject, this book will support both student and teacher engaged in a first course in nonlinear elliptic equations. The material is introduced gradually, and in some cases redundancy is added to stress the fundamental steps in theory-building. Topics include differential calculus for functionals, linear theory, and existence theorems by minimization techniques and min-max procedures. Requiring a basic knowledge of Analysis, Functional Analysis and the most common function spaces, such as Lebesgue and Sobolev spaces, this book will be of primary use to graduate students based in the field of nonlinear partial differential equations. It will also serve as valuable reading for final year undergraduates seeking to learn about basic working tools from variational methods and the management of certain types of nonlinear problems.

In the last ?fteen years two seemingly unrelated problems, one in computer science and the other in measure theory, were solved by amazingly similar techniques from representation theory and from analytic number theory. One problem is the - plicit construction of expanding graphs (-expanders-). These are highly connected sparse graphs whose existence can be easily demonstrated but whose explicit c- struction turns out to be a dif?cult task. Since expanders serve as basic building blocks for various distributed networks, an explicit construction is highly des- able. The other problem is one posed by Ruziewicz about seventy years ago and studied by Banach Ba]. It asks whether the Lebesgue measure is the only ?nitely additive measure of total measure one, de?ned on the Lebesgue subsets of the n-dimensional sphere and invariant under all rotations. The two problems seem, at ?rst glance, totally unrelated. It is therefore so- what surprising that both problems were solved using similar methods: initially, Kazhdan s property (T) from representation theory of semi-simple Lie groups was applied in both cases to achieve partial results, and later on, both problems were solved using the (proved) Ramanujan conjecture from the theory of automorphic forms. The fact that representation theory and automorphic forms have anything to do with these problems is a surprise and a hint as well that the two questions are strongly related."

From the reviews:

"Volumes III and IV complete L. H rmander's treatise on linear partial differential equations. They constitute the most complete and up-to-date account of this subject, by the author who has dominated it and made the most significant contributions in the last decades.....It is a superb book, which must be present in every mathematical library, and an indispensable tool for all - young and old - interested in the theory of partial differential operators." L. Boutet de Monvel in Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 1987

"This treatise is outstanding in every respect and must be counted among the great books in mathematics. It is certainly no easy reading (...) but a careful study is extremely rewarding for its wealth of ideas and techniques and the beauty of presentation." J. Br ning in Zentralblatt MATH, 1987

Honours awarded to Lars H rmander: Fields Medal 1962, Speaker at International Congress 1970, Wolf Prize 1988, AMS Steele Prize 2006

This book teaches basic methods of partial differential equations and introduces related important ideas associated with the analysis of numerical methods for those partial differential equations. Coverage details such topics as separation of variables, Fourier analysis, maximum principles, and energy estimates. The book introduces numerical methods in parallel to the classical theory and also includes many engaging exercises.

This softcover edition of a very popular two-volume work presents a thorough first course in analysis, leading from real numbers to such advanced topics as differential forms on manifolds, asymptotic methods, Fourier, Laplace, and Legendre transforms, elliptic functions and distributions. Especially notable in this course is the clearly expressed orientation toward the natural sciences and its informal exploration of the essence and the roots of the basic concepts and theorems of calculus. Clarity of exposition is matched by a wealth of instructive exercises, problems and fresh applications to areas seldom touched on in real analysis books.

The first volume constitutes a complete course on one-variable calculus along with the multivariable differential calculus elucidated in an up-to-day, clear manner, with a pleasant geometric flavor.

"An elegantly written, introductory overview of the field, with a near perfect choice of what to include and what not, enlivened in places by historical tidbits and made eminently readable throughout by crisp language. It has succeeded in doing the near-impossible it has made a subject which is generally inhospitable to nonspecialists because of its family jargon appear nonintimidating even to a beginning graduate student."

The Journal of the Indian Institute of Science

"The book under review gives a comprehensive treatment of basically everything in mathematics that can be named multivalued/set-valued analysis. It includes results with many historical comments giving the reader a sound perspective to look at the subject The book is highly recommended for mathematicians and graduate students who will find here a very comprehensive treatment of set-valued analysis."

Mathematical Reviews

"I recommend this book as one to dig into with considerable pleasure when one already knows the subject... Set-Valued Analysis goes a long way toward providing a much needed basic resource on the subject."

Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society

"This book provides a thorough introduction to multivalued or set-valued analysis...Examples in many branches of mathematics, given in the introduction, prevail upon] the reader the indispensability of dealing] with sequences of sets and set-valued maps The style is lively and vigorous, the relevant historical comments and suggestive overviews increase the interest for this work...Graduate students and mathematicians of every persuasion will welcome this unparalleled guide to set-valued analysis."

Zentralblatt Math"

Everything is more simple than one thinks but at the same time more complex than one can understand Johann Wolfgang von Goethe To reach the point that is unknown to you, you must take the road that is unknown to you St. John of the Cross This is a book on the numerical approximation ofpartial differential equations (PDEs). Its scope is to provide a thorough illustration of numerical methods (especially those stemming from the variational formulation of PDEs), carry out their stability and convergence analysis, derive error bounds, and discuss the algorithmic aspects relative to their implementation. A sound balancing of theoretical analysis, description of algorithms and discussion of applications is our primary concern. Many kinds of problems are addressed: linear and nonlinear, steady and time-dependent, having either smooth or non-smooth solutions. Besides model equations, we consider a number of (initial-) boundary value problems of interest in several fields of applications. Part I is devoted to the description and analysis of general numerical methods for the discretization of partial differential equations. A comprehensive theory of Galerkin methods and its variants (Petrov Galerkin and generalized Galerkin), as wellas ofcollocationmethods, is devel oped for the spatial discretization. This theory is then specified to two numer ical subspace realizations of remarkable interest: the finite element method (conforming, non-conforming, mixed, hybrid) and the spectral method (Leg endre and Chebyshev expansion)."

Thorough introduction to an important area of mathematics Contains recent results Includes many exercises

Super-real fields are a class of large totally ordered fields. These fields are larger than the real line. They arise from quotients of the algebra of continuous functions on a compact space by a prime ideal, and generalize the well-known class of ultrapowers, and indeed the continuous ultrapowers. These fields are of interest in their own right and have many surprising applications, both in analysis and logic. The authors introduce some exciting new fields, including a natural generalization of the real line R, and resolve a number of open problems. The book is intended to be accessible to analysts and logicians. After an exposition of the general theory of ordered fields and a careful proof of some classic theorems, including Kaplansky's embedding theorems , the authors establish important new results in Banach algebra theory, non-standard analysis, an model theory.

Engineers and physicists are more and more encountering integrations involving nonelementary integrals and higher transcendental functions. Such integrations frequently involve (not always in immediately re cognizable form) elliptic functions and elliptic integrals. The numerous books written on elliptic integrals, while of great value to the student or mathematician, are not especially suitable for the scientist whose primary objective is the ready evaluation of the integrals that occur in his practical problems. As a result, he may entirely avoid problems which lead to elliptic integrals, or is likely to resort to graphical methods or other means of approximation in dealing with all but the simplest of these integrals. It became apparent in the course of my work in theoretical aero dynamics that there was a need for a handbook embodying in convenient form a comprehensive table of elliptic integrals together with auxiliary formulas and numerical tables of values. Feeling that such a book would save the engineer and physicist much valuable time, I prepared the present volume."

An in-depth look at real analysis and its applications—now expanded and revised.

This new edition of the widely used analysis book continues to cover real analysis in greater detail and at a more advanced level than most books on the subject. Encompassing several subjects that underlie much of modern analysis, the book focuses on measure and integration theory, point set topology, and the basics of functional analysis. It illustrates the use of the general theories and introduces readers to other branches of analysis such as Fourier analysis, distribution theory, and probability theory.

This edition is bolstered in content as well as in scope—extending its usefulness to students outside of pure analysis as well as those interested in dynamical systems. The numerous exercises, extensive bibliography, and review chapter on sets and metric spaces make Real Analysis: Modern Techniques and Their Applications, Second Edition invaluable for students in graduate-level analysis courses. New features include:

• Revised material on the n-dimensional Lebesgue integral.
• An improved proof of Tychonoff's theorem.
• Expanded material on Fourier analysis.
• A newly written chapter devoted to distributions and differential equations.
• Updated material on Hausdorff dimension and fractal dimension.

Mumford-Tate groups are the fundamental symmetry groups of Hodge theory, a subject which rests at the center of contemporary complex algebraic geometry. This book is the first comprehensive exploration of Mumford-Tate groups and domains. Containing basic theory and a wealth of new views and results, it will become an essential resource for graduate students and researchers.

Although Mumford-Tate groups can be defined for general structures, their theory and use to date has mainly been in the classical case of abelian varieties. While the book does examine this area, it focuses on the nonclassical case. The general theory turns out to be very rich, such as in the unexpected connections of finite dimensional and infinite dimensional representation theory of real, semisimple Lie groups. The authors give the complete classification of Hodge representations, a topic that should become a standard in the finite-dimensional representation theory of noncompact, real, semisimple Lie groups. They also indicate that in the future, a connection seems ready to be made between Lie groups that admit discrete series representations and the study of automorphic cohomology on quotients of Mumford-Tate domains by arithmetic groups. Bringing together complex geometry, representation theory, and arithmetic, this book opens up a fresh perspective on an important subject.

Real Analysis and Infinity presents the essential topics for a first course in real analysis with an emphasis on the role of infinity in all of the fundamental concepts. After introducing sequences of numbers, it develops the set of real numbers in terms of Cauchy sequences of rational numbers, and uses this development to derive the important properties of real numbers like completeness. The book then develops the concepts of continuity, derivative, and integral, and presents the theory of infinite sequences and series of functions. Topics discussed are wide-ranging and include the convergence of sequences, definition of limits and continuity via converging sequences, and the development of derivative. The proofs of the vast majority of theorems are presented and pedagogical considerations are given priority to help cement the reader's knowledge. Preliminary discussion of each major topic is supplemented with examples and diagrams, and historical asides. Examples follow most major results to improve comprehension, and exercises at the end of each chapter help with the refinement of proof and calculation skills.

This unusual and lively textbook offers a clear and intuitive approach to the classical and beautiful theory of complex variables. With very little dependence on advanced concepts from several-variable calculus and topology, the text focuses on the authentic complex-variable ideas and techniques. Accessible to students at their early stages of mathematical study, this full first year course in complex analysis offers new and interesting motivations for classical results and introduces related topics stressing motivation and technique. Numerous illustrations, examples, and now 300 exercises, enrich the text. Students who master this textbook will emerge with an excellent grounding in complex analysis, and a solid understanding of its wide applicability.

This book explains the notion of Brakke's mean curvature flow and its existence and regularity theories without assuming familiarity with geometric measure theory. The focus of study is a time-parameterized family of k-dimensional surfaces in the n-dimensional Euclidean space (1 k < n). The family is the mean curvature flow if the velocity of motion of surfaces is given by the mean curvature at each point and time. It is one of the simplest and most important geometric evolution problems with a strong connection to minimal surface theory. In fact, equilibrium of mean curvature flow corresponds precisely to minimal surface. Brakke's mean curvature flow was first introduced in 1978 as a mathematical model describing the motion of grain boundaries in an annealing pure metal. The grain boundaries move by the mean curvature flow while retaining singularities such as triple junction points. By using a notion of generalized surface called a varifold from geometric measure theory which allows the presence of singularities, Brakke successfully gave it a definition and presented its existence and regularity theories. Recently, the author provided a complete proof of Brakke's existence and regularity theorems, which form the content of the latter half of the book. The regularity theorem is also a natural generalization of Allard's regularity theorem, which is a fundamental regularity result for minimal surfaces and for surfaces with bounded mean curvature. By carefully presenting a minimal amount of mathematical tools, often only with intuitive explanation, this book serves as a good starting point for the study of this fascinating object as well as a comprehensive introduction to other important notions from geometric measure theory.

Fundamentals of Mathematical Analysis explores real and functional analysis with a substantial component on topology. The three leading chapters furnish background information on the real and complex number fields, a concise introduction to set theory, and a rigorous treatment of vector spaces. Fundamentals of Mathematical Analysis is an extensive study of metric spaces, including the core topics of completeness, compactness and function spaces, with a good number of applications. The later chapters consist of an introduction to general topology, a classical treatment of Banach and Hilbert spaces, the elements of operator theory, and a deep account of measure and integration theories. Several courses can be based on the book. This book is suitable for a two-semester course on analysis, and material can be chosen to design one-semester courses on topology or real analysis. It is designed as an accessible classical introduction to the subject and aims to achieve excellent breadth and depth and contains an abundance of examples and exercises. The topics are carefully sequenced, the proofs are detailed, and the writing style is clear and concise. The only prerequisites assumed are a thorough understanding of undergraduate real analysis and linear algebra, and a degree of mathematical maturity.

Part 1 begins with an overview of properties of the real numbers and starts to introduce the notions of set theory. The absolute value and in particular inequalities are considered in great detail before functions and their basic properties are handled. From this the authors move to differential and integral calculus. Many examples are discussed. Proofs not depending on a deeper understanding of the completeness of the real numbers are provided. As a typical calculus module, this part is thought as an interface from school to university analysis.Part 2 returns to the structure of the real numbers, most of all to the problem of their completeness which is discussed in great depth. Once the completeness of the real line is settled the authors revisit the main results of Part 1 and provide complete proofs. Moreover they develop differential and integral calculus on a rigorous basis much further by discussing uniform convergence and the interchanging of limits, infinite series (including Taylor series) and infinite products, improper integrals and the gamma function. In addition they discussed in more detail as usual monotone and convex functions.Finally, the authors supply a number of Appendices, among them Appendices on basic mathematical logic, more on set theory, the Peano axioms and mathematical induction, and on further discussions of the completeness of the real numbers. Remarkably, Volume I contains ca. 360 problems with complete, detailed solutions.

Designed for courses in advanced calculus and introductory real analysis, the second edition of Elementary Classical Analysis strikes a careful and thoughtful balance between pure and applied mathematics, with the emphasis on techniques important to classical analysis, without vector calculus or complex analysis. As such, it's a perfect teaching and learning resource for mathematics undergraduate courses in classical analysis. The book includes detailed coverage of the foundations of the real number system and focuses primarily on analysis in Euclidean space with a view towards application. As well as being suitable for students taking pure mathematics, it can also be used by students taking engineering and physical science courses. There's now even more material on variable calculus, expanding the textbook's already considerable coverage of the subject.

This up-to-date introduction to Griffiths' theory of period maps and period domains focusses on algebraic, group-theoretic and differential geometric aspects. Starting with an explanation of Griffiths' basic theory, the authors go on to introduce spectral sequences and Koszul complexes that are used to derive results about cycles on higher-dimensional algebraic varieties such as the Noether-Lefschetz theorem and Nori's theorem. They explain differential geometric methods, leading up to proofs of Arakelov-type theorems, the theorem of the fixed part and the rigidity theorem. They also use Higgs bundles and harmonic maps to prove the striking result that not all compact quotients of period domains are Kahler. This thoroughly revised second edition includes a new third part covering important recent developments, in which the group-theoretic approach to Hodge structures is explained, leading to Mumford-Tate groups and their associated domains, the Mumford-Tate varieties and generalizations of Shimura varieties.

A quantity can be made smaller and smaller without it ever vanishing. This fact has profound consequences for science, technology, and even the way we think about numbers. In this book, we will explore this idea by moving at an easy pace through an account of elementary real analysis and, in particular, will focus on numbers, sequences, and series. Almost all textbooks on introductory analysis assume some background in calculus. This book doesn't and, instead, the emphasis is on the application of analysis to number theory. The book is split into two parts. Part 1 follows a standard university course on analysis and each chapter closes with a set of exercises. Here, numbers, inequalities, convergence of sequences, and infinite series are all covered. Part 2 contains a selection of more unusual topics that aren't usually found in books of this type. It includes proofs of the irrationality of e and , continued fractions, an introduction to the Riemann zeta function, Cantor's theory of the infinite, and Dedekind cuts. There is also a survey of what analysis can do for the calculus and a brief history of the subject. A lot of material found in a standard university course on "real analysis" is covered and most of the mathematics is written in standard theorem-proof style. However, more details are given than is usually the case to help readers who find this style daunting. Both set theory and proof by induction are avoided in the interests of making the book accessible to a wider readership, but both of these topics are the subjects of appendices for those who are interested in them. And unlike most university texts at this level, topics that have featured in popular science books, such as the Riemann hypothesis, are introduced here. As a result, this book occupies a unique position between a popular mathematics book and a first year college or university text, and offers a relaxed introduction to a fascinating and important branch of mathematics.

One of the ways in which topology has influenced other branches of mathematics in the past few decades is by putting the study of continuity and convergence into a general setting. This new edition of Wilson Sutherland's classic text introduces metric and topological spaces by describing some of that influence. The aim is to move gradually from familiar real analysis to abstract topological spaces, using metric spaces as a bridge between the two. The language of metric and topological spaces is established with continuity as the motivating concept. Several concepts are introduced, first in metric spaces and then repeated for topological spaces, to help convey familiarity. The discussion develops to cover connectedness, compactness and completeness, a trio widely used in the rest of mathematics.
Topology also has a more geometric aspect which is familiar in popular expositions of the subject as rubber-sheet geometry', with pictures of Mobius bands, doughnuts, Klein bottles and the like; this geometric aspect is illustrated by describing some standard surfaces, and it is shown how all this fits into the same story as the more analytic developments.
The book is primarily aimed at second- or third-year mathematics students. There are numerous exercises, many of the more challenging ones accompanied by hints, as well as a companion website, with further explanations and examples as well as material supplementary to that in the book."