The subject of special functions is often presented as a collection of disparate results, which are rarely organised in a coherent way. This book answers the need for a different approach to the subject. The authors' main goals are to emphasise general unifying principles coherently and to provide clear motivation, efficient proofs, and original references for all of the principal results. The book covers standard material, but also much more, including chapters on discrete orthogonal polynomials and elliptic functions. The authors show how a very large part of the subject traces back to two equations - the hypergeometric equation and the confluent hypergeometric equation - and describe the various ways in which these equations are canonical and special. Providing ready access to theory and formulas, this book serves as an ideal graduate-level textbook as well as a convenient reference.

The first modern treatment of orthogonal polynomials from the viewpoint of special functions is now available in paperback. Its encyclopedic coverage includes classical topics such as Jacobi, Hermite, Laguerre, Hahn, Charlier and Meixner polynomials as well as those discovered over the last 50 years, e.g. Askey-Wilson and Al-Salam-Chihara polynomial systems. Multiple orthogonal polynomials are discussed here for the first time in book form. Many modern applications of the subject are dealt with, including birth and death processes, integrable systems, combinatorics, and physical models. A chapter on open research problems and conjectures is designed to stimulate further research on the subject. Thoroughly updated and corrected since its original printing, this book continues to be valued as an authoritative reference not only by mathematicians, but also a wide range of scientists and engineers. Exercises ranging in difficulty are included to help both the graduate student and the newcomer.

This book teaches basic methods of partial differential equations and introduces related important ideas associated with the analysis of numerical methods for those partial differential equations. Coverage details such topics as separation of variables, Fourier analysis, maximum principles, and energy estimates. The book introduces numerical methods in parallel to the classical theory and also includes many engaging exercises.

Originally published in 1966, this well-written and still-cited text covers Fourier analysis, a foundation of science and engineering. Many modern textbooks are filled with specialized terms and equations that may be confusing, but this book uses a friendly, conversational tone to clarify the material and engage the reader. The author meticulously develops the topic and uses 161 problems integrated into the text to walk the student down the simplest path to a solution.

Lively prose and imaginative exercises draw the reader into this unique introductory real analysis textbook. Motivating the fundamental ideas and theorems that underpin real analysis with historical remarks and well-chosen quotes, the author shares his enthusiasm for the subject throughout. A student reading this book is invited not only to acquire proficiency in the fundamentals of analysis, but to develop an appreciation for abstraction and the language of its expression. In studying this book, students will encounter: the interconnections between set theory and mathematical statements and proofs; the fundamental axioms of the natural, integer, and real numbers; rigorous -N and - definitions; convergence and properties of an infinite series, product, or continued fraction; series, product, and continued fraction formulae for the various elementary functions and constants. Instructors will appreciate this engaging perspective, showcasing the beauty of these fundamental results.

This up-to-date introduction to Griffiths' theory of period maps and period domains focusses on algebraic, group-theoretic and differential geometric aspects. Starting with an explanation of Griffiths' basic theory, the authors go on to introduce spectral sequences and Koszul complexes that are used to derive results about cycles on higher-dimensional algebraic varieties such as the Noether-Lefschetz theorem and Nori's theorem. They explain differential geometric methods, leading up to proofs of Arakelov-type theorems, the theorem of the fixed part and the rigidity theorem. They also use Higgs bundles and harmonic maps to prove the striking result that not all compact quotients of period domains are Kahler. This thoroughly revised second edition includes a new third part covering important recent developments, in which the group-theoretic approach to Hodge structures is explained, leading to Mumford-Tate groups and their associated domains, the Mumford-Tate varieties and generalizations of Shimura varieties.

Part two of the authors' comprehensive and innovative work on multidimensional real analysis. This book is based on extensive teaching experience at Utrecht University and gives a thorough account of integral analysis in multidimensional Euclidean space. It is an ideal preparation for students who wish to go on to more advanced study. The notation is carefully organized and all proofs are clean, complete and rigorous. The authors have taken care to pay proper attention to all aspects of the theory. In many respects this book presents an original treatment of the subject and it contains many results and exercises that cannot be found elsewhere. The numerous exercises illustrate a variety of applications in mathematics and physics. This combined with the exhaustive and transparent treatment of subject matter make the book ideal as either the text for a course, a source of problems for a seminar or for self study.

Comprehensive, elementary introduction to real and functional analysis. Self-contained, readily accessible to those with background in advanced calculus. Cover basic concepts and introductory principles in set theory, metric spaces, topological and linear spaces, linear functionals and linear operators, much more. 350 problems.

This classic textbook, now reissued, offers a clear exposition of modern probability theory and of the interplay between the properties of metric spaces and probability measures. The new edition has been made even more self-contained than before; it now includes a foundation of the real number system and the Stone-Weierstrass theorem on uniform approximation in algebras of functions. Several other sections have been revised and improved, and the comprehensive historical notes have been further amplified. A number of new exercises have been added, together with hints for solution.

This classic textbook, now reissued, offers a clear exposition of modern probability theory and of the interplay between the properties of metric spaces and probability measures. The new edition has been made even more self-contained than before; it now includes a foundation of the real number system and the Stone-Weierstrass theorem on uniform approximation in algebras of functions. Several other sections have been revised and improved, and the comprehensive historical notes have been further amplified. A number of new exercises have been added, together with hints for solution.

When originally published, this text was the first general account of Hausdorff measures, a subject that has important applications in many fields of mathematics. The first of the three chapters contains an introduction to measure theory, paying particular attention to the study of non-sigma-finite measures. The second chapter develops the most general aspects of the theory of Hausdorff measures, and the final chapter gives a general survey of applications of Hausdorff measures followed by detailed accounts of two special applications. This new edition has a foreword by Kenneth Falconer outlining the developments in measure theory since this book first appeared. This book is ideal for graduate mathematicians with no previous knowledge of the subject, but experts in the field will also want a copy for their shelves.

The last fifteen years have seen a flurry of exciting developments in Fourier restriction theory, leading to significant new applications in diverse fields. This timely text brings the reader from the classical results to state-of-the-art advances in multilinear restriction theory, the Bourgain-Guth induction on scales and the polynomial method. Also discussed in the second part are decoupling for curved manifolds and a wide variety of applications in geometric analysis, PDEs (Strichartz estimates on tori, local smoothing for the wave equation) and number theory (exponential sum estimates and the proof of the Main Conjecture for Vinogradov's Mean Value Theorem). More than 100 exercises in the text help reinforce these important but often difficult ideas, making it suitable for graduate students as well as specialists. Written by an author at the forefront of the modern theory, this book will be of interest to everybody working in harmonic analysis.

Engineers and physicists are more and more encountering integrations involving nonelementary integrals and higher transcendental functions. Such integrations frequently involve (not always in immediately re cognizable form) elliptic functions and elliptic integrals. The numerous books written on elliptic integrals, while of great value to the student or mathematician, are not especially suitable for the scientist whose primary objective is the ready evaluation of the integrals that occur in his practical problems. As a result, he may entirely avoid problems which lead to elliptic integrals, or is likely to resort to graphical methods or other means of approximation in dealing with all but the simplest of these integrals. It became apparent in the course of my work in theoretical aero dynamics that there was a need for a handbook embodying in convenient form a comprehensive table of elliptic integrals together with auxiliary formulas and numerical tables of values. Feeling that such a book would save the engineer and physicist much valuable time, I prepared the present volume."

An accessible introduction to real analysis and its connection to elementary calculus

Bridging the gap between the development and history of real analysis, "Introduction to Real Analysis: An Educational Approach" presents a comprehensive introduction to real analysis while also offering a survey of the field. With its balance of historical background, key calculus methods, and hands-on applications, this book provides readers with a solid foundation and fundamental understanding of real analysis.

The book begins with an outline of basic calculus, including a close examination of problems illustrating links and potential difficulties. Next, a fluid introduction to real analysis is presented, guiding readers through the basic topology of real numbers, limits, integration, and a series of functions in natural progression. The book moves on to analysis with more rigorous investigations, and the topology of the line is presented along with a discussion of limits and continuity that includes unusual examples in order to direct readers' thinking beyond intuitive reasoning and on to more complex understanding. The dichotomy of pointwise and uniform convergence is then addressed and is followed by differentiation and integration. Riemann-Stieltjes integrals and the Lebesgue measure are also introduced to broaden the presented perspective. The book concludes with a collection of advanced topics that are connected to elementary calculus, such as modeling with logistic functions, numerical quadrature, Fourier series, and special functions.

Detailed appendices outline key definitions and theorems in elementary calculus and also present additional proofs, projects, and sets in real analysis. Each chapter references historical sources on real analysis while also providing proof-oriented exercises and examples that facilitate the development of computational skills. In addition, an extensive bibliography provides additional resources on the topic.

"Introduction to Real Analysis: An Educational Approach" is an ideal book for upper- undergraduate and graduate-level real analysis courses in the areas of mathematics and education. It is also a valuable reference for educators in the field of applied mathematics.

This book provides an elementary, self-contained presentation of the integration processes developed by Lebesgue, Denjoy, Perron, and Henstock. The Lebesgue integral and its essential properties are first developed in detail. The other three integrals are all generalizations of the Lebesgue integral that satisfy the ideal version of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus: if $F$ is differentiable on the interval $[a,b]$, then $F'$ is integrable on $[a,b]$ and $\int_a^b F'= F(b) - F(a)$. One of the book's unique features is that the Denjoy, Perron, and Henstock integrals are each developed fully and carefully from their corresponding definitions.The last part of the book is devoted to integration processes which satisfy a theorem analogous to the Fundamental Theorem, in which $F$ is approximately differentiable. This part of this book is preceded by a detailed study of the approximate derivative and ends with some open questions. This book contains over 230 exercises (with solutions) that illustrate and expand the material in the text. It would be an excellent textbook for first-year graduate students who have background in real analysis.

This unusual and lively textbook offers a clear and intuitive approach to the classical and beautiful theory of complex variables. With very little dependence on advanced concepts from several-variable calculus and topology, the text focuses on the authentic complex-variable ideas and techniques. Accessible to students at their early stages of mathematical study, this full first year course in complex analysis offers new and interesting motivations for classical results and introduces related topics stressing motivation and technique. Numerous illustrations, examples, and now 300 exercises, enrich the text. Students who master this textbook will emerge with an excellent grounding in complex analysis, and a solid understanding of its wide applicability.

Based on an honors course taught by the author at UC Berkeley, this introduction to undergraduate real analysis gives a different emphasis by stressing the importance of pictures and hard problems. Topics include: a natural construction of the real numbers, four-dimensional visualization, basic point-set topology, function spaces, multivariable calculus via differential forms (leading to a simple proof of the Brouwer Fixed Point Theorem), and a pictorial treatment of Lebesgue theory. Over 150 detailed illustrations elucidate abstract concepts and salient points in proofs. The exposition is informal and relaxed, with many helpful asides, examples, some jokes, and occasional comments from mathematicians, such as Littlewood, Dieudonne, and Osserman. This book thus succeeds in being more comprehensive, more comprehensible, and more enjoyable, than standard introductions to analysis. New to the second edition of Real Mathematical Analysis is a presentation of Lebesgue integration done almost entirely using the undergraph approach of Burkill. Payoffs include: concise picture proofs of the Monotone and Dominated Convergence Theorems, a one-line/one-picture proof of Fubini's theorem from Cavalieri's Principle, and, in many cases, the ability to see an integral result from measure theory. The presentation includes Vitali's Covering Lemma, density points - which are rarely treated in books at this level - and the almost everywhere differentiability of monotone functions. Several new exercises now join a collection of over 500 exercises that pose interesting challenges and introduce special topics to the student keen on mastering this beautiful subject.

This course in real analysis is directed at advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students in mathematics and related fields. Presupposing only a modest background in real analysis or advanced calculus, the book offers something of value to specialists and nonspecialists alike. The text covers three major topics: metric and normed linear spaces, function spaces, and Lebesgue measure and integration on the line. In an informal, down-to-earth style, the author gives motivation and overview of new ideas, while still supplying full details and complete proofs. He provides a great many exercises and suggestions for further study.

Part 1 begins with an overview of properties of the real numbers and starts to introduce the notions of set theory. The absolute value and in particular inequalities are considered in great detail before functions and their basic properties are handled. From this the authors move to differential and integral calculus. Many examples are discussed. Proofs not depending on a deeper understanding of the completeness of the real numbers are provided. As a typical calculus module, this part is thought as an interface from school to university analysis.Part 2 returns to the structure of the real numbers, most of all to the problem of their completeness which is discussed in great depth. Once the completeness of the real line is settled the authors revisit the main results of Part 1 and provide complete proofs. Moreover they develop differential and integral calculus on a rigorous basis much further by discussing uniform convergence and the interchanging of limits, infinite series (including Taylor series) and infinite products, improper integrals and the gamma function. In addition they discussed in more detail as usual monotone and convex functions.Finally, the authors supply a number of Appendices, among them Appendices on basic mathematical logic, more on set theory, the Peano axioms and mathematical induction, and on further discussions of the completeness of the real numbers. Remarkably, Volume I contains ca. 360 problems with complete, detailed solutions.

This user-friendly textbook introduces complex analysis at the beginning graduate or advanced undergraduate level. Unlike other textbooks, it follows Weierstrass' approach, stressing the importance of power series expansions instead of starting with the Cauchy integral formula, an approach that illuminates many important concepts. This view allows readers to quickly obtain and understand many fundamental results of complex analysis, such as the maximum principle, Liouville's theorem, and Schwarz's lemma. The book covers all the essential material on complex analysis, and includes several elegant proofs that were recently discovered. It includes the zipper algorithm for computing conformal maps, as well as a constructive proof of the Riemann mapping theorem, and culminates in a complete proof of the uniformization theorem. Aimed at students with some undergraduate background in real analysis, though not Lebesgue integration, this classroom-tested textbook will teach the skills and intuition necessary to understand this important area of mathematics.

Mumford-Tate groups are the fundamental symmetry groups of Hodge theory, a subject which rests at the center of contemporary complex algebraic geometry. This book is the first comprehensive exploration of Mumford-Tate groups and domains. Containing basic theory and a wealth of new views and results, it will become an essential resource for graduate students and researchers.

Although Mumford-Tate groups can be defined for general structures, their theory and use to date has mainly been in the classical case of abelian varieties. While the book does examine this area, it focuses on the nonclassical case. The general theory turns out to be very rich, such as in the unexpected connections of finite dimensional and infinite dimensional representation theory of real, semisimple Lie groups. The authors give the complete classification of Hodge representations, a topic that should become a standard in the finite-dimensional representation theory of noncompact, real, semisimple Lie groups. They also indicate that in the future, a connection seems ready to be made between Lie groups that admit discrete series representations and the study of automorphic cohomology on quotients of Mumford-Tate domains by arithmetic groups. Bringing together complex geometry, representation theory, and arithmetic, this book opens up a fresh perspective on an important subject.

This textbook offers an extensive list of completely solved problems in mathematical analysis. This second of three volumes covers definite, improper and multidimensional integrals, functions of several variables, differential equations, and more. The series contains the material corresponding to the first three or four semesters of a course in Mathematical Analysis. Based on the author's years of teaching experience, this work stands out by providing detailed solutions (often several pages long) to the problems. The basic premise of the book is that no topic should be left unexplained, and no question that could realistically arise while studying the solutions should remain unanswered. The style and format are straightforward and accessible. In addition, each chapter includes exercises for students to work on independently. Answers are provided to all problems, allowing students to check their work. Though chiefly intended for early undergraduate students of Mathematics, Physics and Engineering, the book will also appeal to students from other areas with an interest in Mathematical Analysis, either as supplementary reading or for independent study.

This book explains the notion of Brakke's mean curvature flow and its existence and regularity theories without assuming familiarity with geometric measure theory. The focus of study is a time-parameterized family of k-dimensional surfaces in the n-dimensional Euclidean space (1 k < n). The family is the mean curvature flow if the velocity of motion of surfaces is given by the mean curvature at each point and time. It is one of the simplest and most important geometric evolution problems with a strong connection to minimal surface theory. In fact, equilibrium of mean curvature flow corresponds precisely to minimal surface. Brakke's mean curvature flow was first introduced in 1978 as a mathematical model describing the motion of grain boundaries in an annealing pure metal. The grain boundaries move by the mean curvature flow while retaining singularities such as triple junction points. By using a notion of generalized surface called a varifold from geometric measure theory which allows the presence of singularities, Brakke successfully gave it a definition and presented its existence and regularity theories. Recently, the author provided a complete proof of Brakke's existence and regularity theorems, which form the content of the latter half of the book. The regularity theorem is also a natural generalization of Allard's regularity theorem, which is a fundamental regularity result for minimal surfaces and for surfaces with bounded mean curvature. By carefully presenting a minimal amount of mathematical tools, often only with intuitive explanation, this book serves as a good starting point for the study of this fascinating object as well as a comprehensive introduction to other important notions from geometric measure theory.

Das Lehrbuch vermittelt solides Basiswissen zu den thematischen Schwerpunkten Produktmasse, Fourier-Transformation, Transformationsformel, Konvergenzbegriffe, absolute Stetigkeit und Masse auf topologischen Raumen. Hoehepunkte sind die Herleitung des Riesz'schen Darstellungssatzes und der Beweis der Existenz und Eindeutigkeit des Haar'schen Masses. Der Band enthalt ferner mathematikhistorische Ausfluge und Kurzportrats von Mathematikern, die zum Thema des Buchs wichtige Beitrage geliefert haben, sowie zahlreiche UEbungsaufgaben zur Vertiefung des Stoffs.

Fundamentals of Mathematical Analysis explores real and functional analysis with a substantial component on topology. The three leading chapters furnish background information on the real and complex number fields, a concise introduction to set theory, and a rigorous treatment of vector spaces. Fundamentals of Mathematical Analysis is an extensive study of metric spaces, including the core topics of completeness, compactness and function spaces, with a good number of applications. The later chapters consist of an introduction to general topology, a classical treatment of Banach and Hilbert spaces, the elements of operator theory, and a deep account of measure and integration theories. Several courses can be based on the book. This book is suitable for a two-semester course on analysis, and material can be chosen to design one-semester courses on topology or real analysis. It is designed as an accessible classical introduction to the subject and aims to achieve excellent breadth and depth and contains an abundance of examples and exercises. The topics are carefully sequenced, the proofs are detailed, and the writing style is clear and concise. The only prerequisites assumed are a thorough understanding of undergraduate real analysis and linear algebra, and a degree of mathematical maturity.