For over a decade, Rekindling Desire has helped to restore and affirm pleasure-oriented sexuality for thousands of people. Drawing on respected therapist Barry McCarthy's extensive knowledge and experience, this updated third edition offers strategies and solutions for no-sex relationships and low sexual desire. Contained within are psychosocial sexual skill exercises that will develop communication and confidence, as well as fascinating case studies that illustrate a wide range of couples' sexual frustrations. The shame, embarrassment, and hesitancy that individuals feel with themselves, and the resentment and blame they can feel towards their sexual partners, are explored and put into context. With an individualized relapse prevention plan to ensure sexual gains are maintained and built upon, the book encourages couples to work as a team to minimize guilt and maximize intimacy. Rekindling Desire, 3rd edition fully celebrates female and male sexuality, challenges inhibitions and avoidance, and promotes satisfying, secure, and sexual relationships. Whether you are married, cohabitating, or dating, it will help renew sexual desire and empower people of all sexual orientations and ages on the path towards healthy, pleasure-oriented sexuality.

* Places digital violence, abuse, and violation in a broader social and political context, to examine the effectiveness of current legislative frameworks, education and awareness raising, victim support and perpetrator re-education programmes, along with wider political considerations * The new edition includes much broader coverage, and as well as revenge pornography examines a wide range of abuses to provide important insights into the use of social media to facilitate gender violence, and offer more effective interventions in future * A unique resource for students, academics, and researchers in psychology, sociology, law, gender studies, etc. and professionals such as policy makers, social workers, charities, and anyone dealing with issues around digital violence

Those affected by complex PTSD commonly feel as though there is something fundamentally wrong with them - that somewhere inside there is a part of them that needs to be fixed. Though untrue, such beliefs can feel extremely real and frightening. Difficult as it may be, facing one's PTSD from unresolved childhood trauma is a brave, courageous act - and with the right guidance, healing from PTSD is possible. Clinical psychologist Dr Arielle Schwartz has spent years helping those with C-PTSD find their way to wholeness. She also knows the territory of the healing firsthand, having walked it herself. This book provides a map to the complicated, and often overwhelming, terrain of C-PTSD with Dr. Schwartz's knowledgeable guidance helping you find your way. In The Complex PTSD Workbook, you'll learn all about C-PTSD and gain valuable insight into the types of symptoms associated with unresolved childhood trauma, while applying a strength-based perspective to integrate positive beliefs and behaviours. Examples and exercises through which you'll discover your own instances of trauma through relating to PTSD experiences other than your own, such as the following: * Information about common PTSD misdiagnoses such as bipolar disorder, ADHD, anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, and substance abuse, among others. * Explorations of common methods of PTSD therapy including somatic therapy, EMDR, CBT, DBT, and mind-body perspectives. * Chapter takeaways that encourage thoughtful consideration and writing to explore how you feel as you review the material presented in relation to your PTSD symptoms. The Complex PTSD Workbook aims to empower you with a thorough understanding of the psychology and physiology of C-PTSD so you can make informed choices about the path to healing that is right for you and discover a life of wellness, free of C-PTSD, that used to seem just out of reach.

This book accessibly explores the phenomenon of internalized homonegativity among same gender loving Black men who love other men, providing practical tools to help therapists identify the underlying motivations for their clients' feelings. Written from personal and clinical experience, P. Ryan Grant defines internalized homonegativity as the negative thoughts felt by a person due to their same gender loving identity. The book's introduction provides a backdrop of the developmental experiences Black same gender loving men often encounter and connects theoretical concepts with qualitative Black same gender loving male experiences. Chapters then explore the contextual consequences of internalized homonegativity and educate readers on how conditioned shame and anxiety relating to these factors alter mental health and functioning in various spaces. The final part of the book presents therapeutic techniques based on dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) to assist readers in helping clients to navigate a homonegative world. This book is essential reading for sex therapists, educators, students, and sexuality professionals who are looking for resources on working with Black same gender loving male clients, as well as those occupations seeking to create programs for Black same gender loving men. It will also be a helpful resource for Black same gender loving men seeking to live value-based lives.

" A beautifully written account of a great American tragedy--the unsolved murders of an undetermined number of young women, all by the same serial killer, who got away. The truth is still buried. I couldn't put it down." --John Grisham, #1 New York Times bestselling author A riveting deep dive into the unsolved murder of two free-spirited young women in the wilderness, a journalist's obsession--and a new theory of who might have done it. They must have been followed. That's the thought I return to after all these years . . . In May 1996, two skilled backcountry leaders, Lollie Winans and Julie Williams, entered Virginia's Shenandoah National Park for a week-long backcountry camping trip. The free-spirited and remarkable young couple had met and fallen in love the previous summer while working at a world-renowned outdoor program for women. During their final days in the park, they descended the narrow remnants of a trail and pitched their tent in a hidden spot. After the pair didn't return home as planned, park rangers found a scene of horror at their campsite, their tent slashed open, their beloved dog missing, and both women dead in their sleeping bags. The unsolved murders of Winans and Williams continue to haunt all who had encountered them or knew their story. When award-winning journalist and outdoors expert Kathryn Miles begins looking into the case, she discovers conflicting evidence, mismatched timelines, and details that just don't add up. With unprecedented access to crucial crime-scene forensics and key witnesses--and with a growing sense of both mission and obsession--she begins to uncover the truth. An innocent man, Miles is convinced, has been under suspicion for decades, while the true culprit is a known serial killer, if only authorities would take a closer look. Intimate, page-turning, and brilliantly reported, Trailed is a love story and a call to justice--and a searching and urgent plea to make wilderness a safe space for women--destined to become a true crime classic.

Ted Bundy withheld his darkest secrets from police, journalists, and psychologists. While on death row he shared these hidden insights with his closest friends in the Florida State Prison. Finally, a way to make sense of the mysteries regarding all of Bundy's perversions, his biggest influences, his secret dump sites, and what happened to his victims. Using Erving Goffman's concept of dramaturgy, this book is an insider's guide to the reality of what Bundy shared behind-the-scenes with fellow inmates and how he constructed a different identity backstage to what he revealed at the front stage. This work presents the uncensored, multi-layered, graphic details of this most notorious of murder careers, and in doing so provides readers with a comprehensive and authentic account of Ted Bundy.

Career Defense 101 offers women seven proven, actionable strategies that help end sexual harassment in their careers for good so that they can focus on work they love. Women are often told, "Things are really sexist, and all we can do is ignore it." Career Defense 101 does not accept that answer but compiles research and tools that have actually been proven to work in ending harassment and helping women advance in their careers. Women often work twice as hard as everyone else to get to the top of their field, yet sexual harassment can still make them feel trapped, afraid, and vulnerable. This may leave them wondering if they have a responsibility to other women in their field (or to other women in their family) to change a sexist environment. As a trial lawyer and coach, Meredith Holley uses what she has learned from her own experiences of overcoming harassment, stalking, and discrimination, as well as her legal experience, to help her clients. Even women who do not want to bring a legal claim for their harassment are able to use the strategies she teaches in Career Defense 101 to overcome sexual harassment and reach a new level in their careers.

Very few women are wartime rapists. Very few women issue commands to commit sexual violence. Very few women play a role in making war plans that feature the intentional sexual violation of other women. This book is about those very few women. Women as Wartime Rapists reveals the stories of female perpetrators of sexual violence and their place in wartime conflict, legal policy, and the punishment of sexual violence. More broadly, Laura Sjoberg asks, what do the actions and perceptions of female perpetrators of sexual violence reveal about our broader conceptions of war, violence, sexual assault, and gender? This book explores specific historical case studies, such as Nazi Germany, Serbia, the contemporary case of ISIS, and others, to understand how and why women participate in rape during war and conflict. Sjoberg examines the contrast between the visibility of female victims and the invisibility of female perpetrators, as well as the distinction between rape and genocidal rape, which is used as a weapon against a particular ethnic or national group. Further, she explores women's engagement with genocidal rape and how some orchestrated the ethnic cleansing of entire regions. A provocative approach to a sensationalized topic, Women as Wartime Rapists offers important insights into not only the topic of female perpetrators of wartime sexual violence, but to larger notions of gender and violence with crucial cultural, legal, and political implications.

The New Feminist Literary Studies presents sixteen essays by leading and emerging scholars that examine contemporary feminism and the most pressing issues of today. The book is divided into three sections. This first section , 'Frontiers', contains essays on issues and phenomena that may be considered, if not new, then newly and sometimes uneasily prominent in the public eye: transfeminism, the sexual violence highlighted by #MeToo, Black motherhood, migration, sex worker rights, and celebrity feminism. Essays in the second section, 'Fields', specifically intervene into long-constituted or relatively new academic fields and areas of theory: disability studies, eco-theory, queer studies, and Marxist feminism. Finally, the third section, 'Forms', is dedicated to literary genres and tackles novels of domesticity, feminist dystopias, young adult fiction, feminist manuals and manifestos, memoir, and poetry. Together these essays provide new interventions into the thinking and theorising of contemporary feminism.

Nepal, because it was never directly colonized, is seen as something of an outlier on the subcontinent, but the country could not remain totally immune to the influence of colonialism in its neighborhood. A Difficult Transition shows that, in addition to home-grown feudal patriarchal structures, it is the larger colonial and postcolonial context of the subcontinent that has enabled the structuring of inequalities and power relations in Nepal, which today allow for widespread sexual violence and impunity. Recent years have seen an increase in public discussion about sexual violence in Nepal, and the state has created legislation and action plans to address the problem. And yet, impunity for perpetrators remains intact and justice elusive. What are the structures that enable such impunity? And what can be done to change and radically transform these structures? How must states understand the search for justice for victims of sexual violence? Part of the Zubaan Series on Sexual Violence and Impunity in South Asia, the essays in this volume attempt to trace a history of sexual violence in Nepal, look at the responses of women's groups and society at large, and suggest how this serious and wide-ranging problem may be addressed.

Sexual conflict permeates ancient religions, from injunctions about thy neighbor's wife to the sexual obligations of marriage. It is etched in written laws that dictate who can and cannot have sex with whom. Its manifestations shape our sexual morality, evoking approving accolades or contemptuous condemnation. It produces sexual double standards that flourish even in the most sexually egalitarian cultures on earth. And although every person alive struggles with sexual conflict, most of us see only the tip of the iceberg: dating deception, a politician's unsavory grab, the slow crumbling of a once-happy marriage, a romantic breakup that turns nasty. Bad Men shows that this "battle of the sexes" is deeper and far more pervasive than anyone has recognized, revealing the hidden roots of sexual conflict -- roots that originated over deep evolutionary time -- which characterise our sexual psychology. Providing novel insights into our minds and behaviours, Bad Men presents a unifying new theory of sexual conflict and offers practical advice for men and women seeking to avoid it.

Now in a significantly revised sixth edition with 70% new material, this comprehensive handbook has introduced tens of thousands of practitioners and students to the leading forms of couple therapy practiced today. Prominent experts present effective ways to reduce couple distress, improve overall relationship satisfaction, and address specific relational or individual problems. Chapters on major approaches follow a consistent format to help readers easily grasp each model's history, theoretical underpinnings, evidence base, and clinical techniques. Chapters on applications provide practical guidance for working with particular populations (such as stepfamily couples and LGBT couples) and clinical problems (such as intimate partner violence, infidelity, and various psychological disorders). Instructive case examples are woven throughout.

New to This Edition

Chapters on additional clinical approaches: acceptance and commitment therapy, mentalization-based therapy, intergenerational therapy, socioculturally attuned therapy, and the therapeutic palette approach.

Chapters on sexuality, older adult couples, and parents of youth with disruptive behavior problems.

Chapters on assessment and common factors in couple therapy.

Chapters on cutting-edge special topics: relationship enhancement, telehealth interventions, and ethical issues in couple therapy.

See also Snyder and Lebow's What Happens in Couple Therapy, which presents in-depth illustrations of treatment.

Table of Contents

I. Overview and Guiding Principles

1. Couple Therapy in the 21st Century, Jay L. Lebow & Douglas K. Snyder

2. Couple Assessment, Douglas K. Snyder & Christina Balderrama-Durbin

II. Models of Couple Therapy

- Behavioral Approaches

3. Cognitive-Behavioral Couple Therapy, Donald H. Baucom, Norman B. Epstein, Melanie S. Fischer, Jennifer S. Kirby, & Jaslean J. LaTaillade

4. Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy, Andrew Christensen, Sona Dimidjian, Christopher R. Martell, & Brian D. Doss

5. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Couples, Erika Lawrence, Aaron Samuel Cohn, & Samuel H. Allen

- Emotion-Centered, Psychodynamic, and Multigenerational Approaches

6. Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy, Susan M. Johnson, Stephanie A. Wiebe, & Robert Allan

7. Object Relations Couple Therapy, Judith P. Siegel

8. Mentalization-Based Couple Therapy, Efrain Bleiberg, Ellen Safier, & Peter Fonagy

9. Intergenerational Factors in Couple Therapy, Mona DeKoven Fishbane

- Poststructural Approaches

10. Narrative Couple Therapy, Jill Freedman & Gene Combs

11. Solution-Focused Couple Therapy, Cynthia Franklin, Anao Zhang, Kristin Bolton, & Helen Taylor Yates

12. Socioculturally Attuned Couple Therapy, Carmen Knudson-Martin & Lana Kim

- Integrative Approaches

13. Common Factors in Couple Therapy, Sean Davis

14. Integrative Systemic Therapy for Couples, Douglas C. Breunlin, William P. Russell, Anthony L. Chambers, & Alexandra H. Solomon

15. Therapeutic Palette Integrative Couple Therapy, Peter Fraenkel

16. Gottman Method Couple Therapy, John Mordechai Gottman & Julie Schwartz Gottman

III. Applications of Couple Therapy

- Specific Relational Issues and Populations

17. Couple Therapy for Partner Aggression, Norman B. Epstein, Jaslean J. LaTaillade, & Carol A. Werlinich

18. Couple Therapy for Infidelity, Kristina Coop Gordon, Erica A. Mitchell, Donald H. Baucom, & Douglas K. Snyder

19. Couple Therapy and Sexuality, Kathryn S. K. Hall & Daniel N. Watter

20. Therapy with Older Adult Couples, Bob G. Knight

21. Divorce Issues in Couple Therapy, Jay L. Lebow

22. Therapy with Stepfamily Couples, Patricia L. Papernow

23. Therapy with Queer Couples, Deb Coolhart

- Couple-Based Therapy for Individual Problems

24. Couple Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Candice M. Monson & Steffany J. Fredman

25. Couple Therapy for Alcohol Problems, Barbara S. McCrady, Elizabeth E. Epstein, & Cathryn Glanton Holzhauer

26. Couple Therapy for Depression or Anxiety, Mark A. Whisman, Steven R. H. Beach, & Joanne Davila

27. Couple Therapy with Parents of Youth with ADHD or Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Frances A. Wymbs, Brian T. Wymbs, & Will H. Canu

28. Couple Therapy and Medical Issues, Nancy Breen Ruddy & Susan H. McDaniel

- Special Topics

29. Relationship Enhancement and Distress Prevention, Ryan G. Carlson, Galena K. Rhoades, Sabrina Johnson, Scott M. Stanley, & Howard J. Markman

30. Telehealth and Digital Couple Interventions, Brian D. Doss, Kayla C. Knopp, Elizabeth R. Wrape, & Leslie A. Morland

31. Ethical Issues in Couple Therapy, Gayla Margolin, Elana B. Gordis, & Hannah F. Rasmussen

'This book will often hurt. It will make you angry, it will make you feel. My hope is that this hurt, this anger and these feelings will move you to change the way we talk about surviving sexual violence.' Sexual violence is an epidemic happening across all intersections of society, impacting every one of us. In the aftermath of the #MeToo and Time's Up movements, a cultural conversation has been ignited about the prevalence, immediate impact and long-term effects that sexual violence has on people. It has begun conversations on sexism, misogyny, consent and trauma. From the entertainment industry to governments; from India to the USA, people are beginning to listen to the pain survivors have been living with forever. Writing from her own experiences and those she has met through her podcast and her work as an activist, Catriona Morton will approach topics of consent and education, the mental and physical health of survivors, the cultural shift concerning attitudes surrounding sexual violence, the impact of politics and governmental cuts to survivors in the UK as well as the realities of subjects such as dating and reclaiming sexuality in the aftermath of sexual violence. With unflinching honesty and surprising moments of humour, Catriona wants to change the narrative around survivors, and to force us to reconsider the ways in which we talk about surviving sexual violence.

Cyberflashing has been on the rise since the Covid-19 pandemic. Yet, despite its prevalence and significant harms, cyberflashing is not a criminal offence in England and Wales. This crucial book provides new in-depth analysis, understanding and insight into the nature and harms of cyberflashing. The authors consider recently adopted laws in the US, Singapore and Scotland, and set out proposals to criminalise cyberflashing as a sexual offence in English law. This unique and timely study presents the first comprehensive examination of cyberflashing and the need to reform the criminal law.

Now in its third edition, It's My Life Now is a guide for survivors who have left an abusive relationship. It addresses-in clear, non-threatening language-various issues associated with abuse and violence, including post-relationship emotions, psychological impact, dealing with children, personal safety, legal problems, and financial security. Each chapter dismantles common myths about being in and leaving an abusive relationship and contains activities for self-exploration that survivors can complete as they navigate a new life free from abuse. Recommended by the National Coalition of Domestic Violence, this book is designed to benefit any survivor, no matter how much time has passed.

Lambda Literary Award Finalist - LGBTQ Anthology Written by and for trans and non-binary survivors of domestic violence and sexual assault, Written on the Body offers support, guidance and hope for those who struggle to find safety at home, in the body, and other unwelcoming places. This collection of letters written to body parts weaves together narratives of gender, identity, and abuse. It is the coming together of those who have been fragmented and often met with disbelief. The book holds the concerns and truths that many trans people share while offering space for dialogue and reclamation. Written with intelligence and intimacy, this book is for those who have found power in re-shaping their bodies, families, and lives.

The Handbook of Clinical Sexuality for Mental Health Professionals, 3rd Edition, builds on the authors' authoritative first person voice on sexual matters of the previous editions. The work reflects the field's growing sophistication about sexual disorders and their therapies. The scope has been expanded to keep pace with new literature and research in the field, and eight additional chapters have been added. New topics include the politics of diagnosis, persistent genital arousal, asexuality, post orgasm illness, scientific findings concerning origin of orientation, and partnering with the pharmaceutical industry. Easily accessible, the Handbook is divided into sections that touch on fundamental knowledge and skills; treatment; men's major sexual concerns; women's major sexual concerns; problems common to both genders; the diversity of sexual lives; and future and trending topics. Written in a personal, supervisory style, the book will help new therapists anticipate clinical contingencies and help experienced therapists refine their thinking and teaching.

From the founder and activist behind one of the largest movements of the twenty-first century, the me too movement, Tarana Burke debuts a powerful memoir about her own journey to saying those two simple yet infinitely powerful words and how she brought empathy back to an entire generation 'Searing. Powerful. Needed.' Oprah 'I will never stop thinking about this book.' Glennon Doyle Tarana didn't always have the courage to say me too. As a child, she reeled from her sexual assault, believing she was responsible. Unable to confess what she thought of as her own sins for fear of shattering her family, her soul split in two. One side was the bright, intellectually curious third generation Bronxite steeped in Black literature and power, and the other was the bad, shame ridden girl who thought of herself as a vile rule breaker, not of a victim. She tucked one away, hidden behind a wall of pain and anger, which seemed to work... until it didn't. Tarana fought to reunite her fractured soul, through organizing, pursuing justice, and finding community. In her debut memoir she shares her extensive work supporting and empowering Black and brown girls, and the devastating realisation that to truly help these girls she needed to help that scared, ashamed child still in her soul. Tarana has found that we can only offer empathy to others if we first offer it to ourselves. Unbound is the story of an inimitable woman's inner strength and perseverance, all in pursuit of bringing healing to her community and the world around her, but it is also a story of possibility, of empathy, of power, and of the leader we all have inside ourselves. In sharing her path toward healing and saying me too, Tarana reaches out a hand to help us all on our own journeys.

"The message Avery Neal conveys in this book couldn't be more timely." From the Foreword by Lois P. Frankel, New York Times bestselling author of NICE GIRLS DON'T GET THE CORNER OFFICE Are you a victim of subtle abuse? Are you always the one apologising or constantly questioning and blaming yourself? Do you often feel confused, frustrated, and angry? If you answered yes to any of these questions, you're not alone. Nearly half of all women-and men-experience psychological abuse without realizing it. Manipulation, deception and disrespect leave no physical scars, but they can be just as traumatic as physical abuse. In this ground-breaking book, Avery Neal, founder of the Women's Therapy Clinic, helps you recognize the warning signs of subtle abuse. As you learn to identify patterns that have never made sense before, you will be better equipped to make changes. From letting go of fear to setting boundaries, whether you're gathering the courage to finally leave or learning how to guard against a chronically abusive pattern, 'If He's So Great, Why Do I Feel So Bad?' will help you enjoy a happy, healthy, fulfilling life, free of shame or blame. "The new gold standard in abuse recovery, allowing readers to break free from old patterns and reclaim their lives." Jackson MacKenzie, author of PSYCHOPATH FREE

This book offers an academically rigorous examination of the biological, psychological, social and ecclesiastical processes that allowed sexual abuse in the Catholic Church to happen and then be covered up. The collected essays provide a means to better assess systemic wrongdoing in religious institutions, so that they can be more effectively held to account. An international team of contributors apply a necessarily multi-disciplinary approach to this difficult subject. Chapters look closely at the sexual abuse of minors by Roman Catholic clerics, explaining the complexity of this issue, which cannot be reduced to simple misconduct, sexual deviation, or a management failure alone. The book will help the reader to better understand the social, organizational, and cultural processes in the Church over recent decades, as well as the intricate world of beliefs, moral rules, and behaviours. It concludes with some strategies for change at the individual and corporate levels that will better ensure safeguarding within the Catholic Church and its affiliate institutions. This multifaceted study gives a nuanced analysis of this huge organizational failure and offers recommendations for effective ways of preventing it in the future. As such, it will be of keen interest to scholars of Religious Studies, Sociology of Religion, Psychology, Psychiatry, Legal Studies, Ethics, Anthropology, Cultural Studies, History, and Theology.

• The Basics -- answers common questions about sexual abuse.
• Allies in Healing -- introduces key concepts of working and growing together.
• My Needs and Feelings -- teaches partners to recognize, value, and express their own needs.
• Dealing with Crisis -- includes strategies for handling suicidal feelings, regression, and hopelessness.
• Intimacy and Communication -- offers practical advice on dealing with distancing, control, trust, and fighting.
• Sex -- provides guidelines for coping with flashbacks, lack of desire, differences in sexual needs, and frustration.
• Family lssues -- suggests a range of ideas for interacting with the survivor's family.
• Partners' Stories -- explores the struggles, triumphs, and courage of eight partners.

In Buried in the Heart, Erin Baines explores the political agency of women abducted as children by the Lord's Resistance Army in northern Uganda, forced to marry its commanders, and to bear their children. Introducing the concept of complex victimhood, she argues that abducted women were not passive victims, but navigated complex social and political worlds that were life inside the violent armed group. Exploring the life stories of thirty women, Baines considers the possibilities of storytelling to reclaim one's sense of self and relations to others, and to generate political judgement after mass violence. Buried in the Heart moves beyond victim and perpetrator frameworks prevalent in the field of transitional justice, shifting the attention to stories of living through mass violence and the possibilities of remaking communities after it. The book contributes to an overlooked aspect of international justice: women's political agency during wartime.

Violence against women has been a focus of transnational advocacy networks since the early 1980s, and the United Nations has, in intervening years, passed a series of resolutions to condemn, prevent, investigate, and punish this violence. Member states have committed to implementing this agenda. Yet, despite this buy-in at the global level, implementation at the domestic level remains uneven. Scholars have found that states are more likely to translate global standards into national laws when pressured by women's movements and international organizations. However, a dearth of research on the implementation - at the national and street-levels - of these international women's rights norms hampers an understanding of what happens after states pass laws. In Africa, where most states have not prioritized the prevention of violence against women, and the majority of perpetrators act with impunity, there is a major implementation gap. This gap is acute in some post-conflict countries on the continent. Thus, despite the presence of laws on various forms of violence against women in most African countries, justice remains inaccessible to most victims. In Global Norms and Local Action, Peace A. Medie studies the domestic implementation of international norms by examining how and why two post-conflict states in Africa, Liberia and Cote d'Ivoire, have differed in their responses to rape and domestic violence. Specifically, she looks at the roles of the United Nations and women's movements in the establishment of specialized criminal justice sector agencies, and the referral of cases for prosecution. She argues that variation in implementation in Liberia and Cote d'Ivoire can be explained by the levels of international and domestic pressures that states face and by the favorability of domestic political and institutional conditions. Medie's study is based on interviews with over 300 policymakers, bureaucrats, staff at the UN and NGOs, police officers, and survivors of domestic violence and rape - an unprecedented depth of research into women's rights and gender violence norm implementation in post-conflict countries. Furthermore, through her interviews with survivors of violence, Medie explains not only how states implement anti-rape and anti-domestic violence norms, but also how women experience and are affected by these norms. She draws on this research to recommend that states adopt a holistic approach to addressing violence against women.