Residential Property Appraisal is a handbook not only for students studying surverying but also for surveyors and others involved in the appraisal of residential property for lending purposes. It focuses on the distinct professional competencies required by Mortgage Valuations and Home Buyers Surveys and Valuations, identifying and advising the reader on the extent and limitations of their activities. Generously illustrated, supported by real-life case studies and drawing on the latest research, professional and legal developments.

Hydropower can be a source of sustainable energy, provided environmental considerations are taken into account and economic aspects of hydropower design are appropriately addressed. Using concrete-lined pressure tunnels instead of steel pipes may be economically attractive but may also have limitations due to the low tensile strength of concrete. Cracking in concrete tunnel linings can lead to loss of energy production, extensive repairs, and even accidents. One of the techniques available to improve the bearing capacity of pressure tunnels is through prestressing the concrete lining by grouting the circumferential gap between the concrete lining and the rock mass at high pressure. A classical approach to determine the bearing capacity of such tunnels is based on the theory of elasticity, assuming impervious concrete. In this research, a new concept is introduced to assess the effect of seepage on the bearing capacity of pressure tunnels. Also, an innovative approach is proposed to explore the effects of the in-situ stress ratio on the lining performance. Distinction is made based on whether the rock mass behaves as an elasto-plastic isotropic, or elastic anisotropic material. Furthermore, a simplified method is introduced to quantify seepage associated with cracks around the tunnel, which is useful for assessing tunnel stability.

Natural disasters are occasional intense events that disturb Earth's surface, but their impact can be felt long after. Hazard events such as earthquakes, volcanos, drought, and storms can trigger a catastrophic reshaping of the landscape through the erosion, transport, and deposition of different kinds of materials. Geomorphology and Natural Hazards: Understanding Landscape Change for Disaster Mitigation is a graduate level textbook that explores the natural hazards resulting from landscape change and shows how an Earth science perspective can inform hazard mitigation and disaster impact reduction. Volume highlights include: Definitions of hazards, risks, and disasters Impact of different natural hazards on Earth surface processes Geomorphologic insights for hazard assessment and risk mitigation Models for predicting natural hazards How human activities have altered 'natural' hazards Complementarity of geomorphology and engineering to manage threats

This text covers the increasingly significant field of structural dynamics within civil/structural engineering. The book concentrates on single-degree systems as nearly all systems can be reduced to single-degree level and the quality of the information is considered adequate for decision-making. The author goes on to cover multi-degree systems in the final chapter. There are worked examples drawn from practice and exercises are provided at the end of each chapter.

Throughout the last decades, the increasing development of the urban metropolis and the need to establish fundamental infrastructure networks, promoted the development of important projects worldwide and several Multi-Span Large Bridges have been erected. Certainly, many more will be erected in the next decades. This international context undoubtedly justifies the first International Conference on Multi-Span Large Bridges. The Multi-Span Large Bridges book contains the keynote lectures and the extended abstracts of selected papers presented at the Multi-Span Large Bridges International Conference (MSLB2015), organized by the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, in cooperation with IST (Lisbon), University of Minho and LNEC, held in Porto, Portugal, from 1st to 3rd July, 2015. The most relevant themes covered in the book are: Landmark Projects, Conceptual Design, Innovative Construction Methods, Special Foundations and Geotechnical Site Investigations, Life Cycle, Monitoring, Maintenance & Management, Incidents and Accidents, New Materials and Special Devices, Extreme Loads, Rehabilitation, Safety and Serviceability, and Structural Analysis. The Multi-Span Large Bridges book shares the knowledge of several world experts, contains the description of relevant experiences and reports state-of-art achievements which, definitely, will be invaluable to bridge engineers, structural engineers and scientists.

Structural Mechanics and Design of Metal Pipes: A systematic approach for onshore and offshore pipelines presents a unified and systematic approach to understanding and analyzing the structural behavior of onshore and offshore metallic pipelines. Following an overview of pipeline engineering and pipe fabrication, the mechanics of elastic rings and cylinders is presented as a prelude to structural performance of metal pipes under various loading conditions, which involve pressure and structural loads. The book also discusses special topics, such as geohazards and strain-based design, large-diameter water pipelines, global buckling and mechanically-lined pipes, and outlines approaches for developing state-of-the-art finite element models. In all topics addressed in this book, the mechanical behavior of pipes is related with specific design methods for onshore and offshore pipelines.

This text critically locates development research within the field of international development to give an accessible and comprehensive introduction to development research methods.

Research and Fieldwork in Development explores both traditional and cutting edge research methods, from interviews and ethnography to spatial data and digital methods. Each chapter provides the reader with an understanding of the theoretical basis of research methods, reflects upon their practice and outlines appropriate analysis techniques. The text also provides a cutting edge focus on the role of new media and technologies in conducting research. The final chapters return to a set of broader concerns in development research, providing a new and dynamic set of engagements with ethics and risk in fieldwork, integrating methods and engaging development research methods with knowledge exchange practices. Each chapter is supported by several case studies written by global experts within the field, documenting encounters and experiences and linking theory to practice. Each chapter is also complimented by an end of chapter summary, suggestions for further reading and websites, and questions for further reflection and practice.

This book provides an invaluable overview to the practice of international development research and serves as an essential resource for undergraduate and postgraduate student embarking of development fieldwork. It is supported by online resources including extended bibliographies for each chapter, example risk and ethic forms, example policy briefing notes, research reports, links to websites and data sources.

Gain Confidence in Modeling Techniques Used for Complicated Bridge Structures Bridge structures vary considerably in form, size, complexity, and importance. The methods for their computational analysis and design range from approximate to refined analyses, and rapidly improving computer technology has made the more refined and complex methods of analyses more commonplace. The key methods of analysis and related modeling techniques are set out, mainly for highway bridges, but also with some information on railway bridges. Special topics such as strut-and-tie modeling, linear and nonlinear buckling analysis, redundancy analysis, integral bridges, dynamic/earthquake analysis, and bridge geometry are also covered. The material is largely code independent. The book is written for students, especially at MSc level, and for practicing professionals in bridge design offices and bridge design authorities worldwide. Effectively Analyze Structures Using Simple Mathematical Models Divided into three parts and comprised of 18 chapters, this text: Covers the methods of computational analysis and design suitable for bridge structures Provides information on the methods of analysis and related modeling techniques suitable for the design and evaluation of various types of bridges Presents material on a wide range of bridge structural types and is fairly code independent Computational Analysis and Design of Bridge Structures covers the general aspects of bridges, bridge behavior and the modeling of bridges, and special topics on bridges. This text explores the physical meanings behind modeling, and reveals how bridge structures can be analyzed using mathematical models.

A concise introduction to structural dynamics and earthquake engineering

"Basic Structural Dynamics "serves as a fundamental introduction to the topic of structural dynamics. Covering single and multiple-degree-of-freedom systems while providing an introduction to earthquake engineering, the book keeps the coverage succinct and on topic at a level that is appropriate for undergraduate and graduate students. Through dozens of worked examples based on actual structures, it also introduces readers to MATLAB, a powerful software for solving both simple and complex structural dynamics problems.

Conceptually composed of three parts, the book begins with the basic concepts and dynamic response of single-degree-of-freedom systems to various excitations. Next, it covers the linear and nonlinear response of multiple-degree-of-freedom systems to various excitations. Finally, it deals with linear and nonlinear response of structures subjected to earthquake ground motions and structural dynamics-related code provisions for assessing seismic response of structures. Chapter coverage includes: Single-degree-of-freedom systemsFree vibration response of SDOF systemsResponse to harmonic loadingResponse to impulse loadsResponse to arbitrary dynamic loadingMultiple-degree-of-freedom systemsIntroduction to nonlinear response of structuresSeismic response of structures

If you're an undergraduate or graduate student or a practicing structural or mechanical engineer who requires some background on structural dynamics and the effects of earthquakes on structures, "Basic Structural Dynamics "will quickly get you up to speed on the subject without sacrificing important information.

This book discusses various aspects of the design of a plate girder and focuses on the associated stability problems in shear. It deals with stability problems in compression, such as those met in box girder flanges and ship hulls, and is helpful for structural designers and post-graduate students.

This exciting text is written primarily for professional engineers interested in designing plate and shell structures. It covers basic aspects of theories and gives examples for the design of components due to internal and external loads as well as other loads such as wind and dead loads. Various derivations are kept relatively simple and the resultant equations are simplified to a level where the engineer may apply them directly to design problems. More elaborate derivations and more general equations may be found in the literature for those interested in a more in--depth knowledge of the theories of plates and shells. COMPLETE CONTENTS* Bending of simply supported rectangular plates* Bending of various rectangular plates* Bending of circular plates* Plates of various shapes and properties* Approximate analysis of plates* Buckling of plates* Vibration of plates* Membrane theory of shells of revolution* Various applications of the membrane theory* Bending of thin cylindrical shells due to axisymmetric loads, Various structures* Buckling of cylindrical shells* Buckling of shells of revolution* Vibration of shells* Basic finite element equations. The examples given throughout Design of Plate and Shell Structures are intended to show the engineer the level of analysis needed to achieve a safe design based on a given required degree of accuracy. The book is also appropriate for advanced engineering courses.

Fundamentals of Multiscale Modeling of Structural Materials provides a robust introduction to the computational tools, underlying theory, practical applications, and governing physical phenomena necessary to simulate and understand a wide-range of structural materials at multiple time and length scales. The book offers practical guidelines for modeling common structural materials with well-established techniques, outlining detailed modeling approaches for calculating and analyzing mechanical, thermal and transport properties of various structural materials such as metals, cement/concrete, polymers, composites, wood, thin films, and more. Computational approaches based on artificial intelligence and machine learning methods as complementary tools to the physics-based multiscale techniques are discussed as are modeling techniques for additively manufactured structural materials. Special attention is paid to how these methods can be used to develop the next generation of sustainable, resilient and environmentally-friendly structural materials, with a specific emphasis on bridging the atomistic and continuum modeling scales for these materials.

Over 140 experts, 14 countries, and 89 chapters are represented in the second edition of the Bridge Engineering Handbook. This extensive collection highlights bridge engineering specimens from around the world, contains detailed information on bridge engineering, and thoroughly explains the concepts and practical applications surrounding the subject. Published in five books: Fundamentals, Superstructure Design, Substructure Design, Seismic Design, and Construction and Maintenance, this new edition provides numerous worked-out examples that give readers step-by-step design procedures, includes contributions by leading experts from around the world in their respective areas of bridge engineering, contains 26 completely new chapters, and updates most other chapters. It offers design concepts, specifications, and practice, as well as the various types of bridges. The text includes over 2,500 tables, charts, illustrations, and photos. The book covers new, innovative and traditional methods and practices; explores rehabilitation, retrofit, and maintenance; and examines seismic design and building materials. The fifth book, Construction and Maintenance contains 19 chapters, and covers the practical issues of bridge structures. What's New in the Second Edition: Includes nine new chapters: Steel Bridge Fabrication, Cable-Supported Bridge Construction, Accelerated Bridge Construction, Bridge Management Using Pontis and Improved Concepts, Bridge Maintenance, Bridge Health Monitoring, Nondestructive Evaluation Methods for Bridge Elements, Life-Cycle Performance Analysis and Optimization, and Bridge Construction Methods Rewrites the Bridge Construction Inspection chapter and retitles it as: Bridge Construction Supervision and Inspection Expands and rewrites the Maintenance Inspection and Rating chapter into three chapters: Bridge Inspection, Steel Bridge Evaluation and Rating, and Concrete Bridge Evaluation and Rating; and the Strengthening and Rehabilitation chapter into two chapters: Rehabilitation and Strengthening of Highway Bridge Superstructures, and Rehabilitation and Strengthening of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Decks This text is an ideal reference for practicing bridge engineers and consultants (design, construction, maintenance), and can also be used as a reference for students in bridge engineering courses.

The 8th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics (ICPMG2014) was organised by the Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems at the University of Western Australia under the auspices of the Technical Committee 104 for Physical Modelling in Geotechnics of the International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. This quadrennial conference is the traditional focal point for the physical modelling community of academics, scientists and engineers to present and exchange the latest developments on a wide range of physical modelling aspects associated with geotechnical engineering. These proceedings, together with the seven previous proceedings dating from 1988, present an inestimable collection of the technical and scientific developments and breakthroughs established over the last 25 years. These proceedings include 10 keynote lectures from scientific leaders within the physical modelling community and 160 peer-reviewed papers from 26 countries. They are organised in 14 themes, presenting the latest developments in physical modelling technology, modelling techniques and sensors, through a wide range of soil-structure interaction problems, including shallow and deep foundations, offshore geotechnics, dams and embankments, excavations and retaining structures and slope stability. Fundamental aspects of earthquake engineering, geohazards, ground reinforcements and improvements, and soil properties and behaviour are also covered, demonstrating the increasing complexity of modelling arising from state-of-the-art technological developments and increased understanding of similitude principles. A special theme on education presents the latest developments in the use of physical modelling techniques for instructing undergraduate and postgraduate students in geotechnical engineering.

Rock falls can be a public safety issue. This book provides comprehensive information on identification of these hazards, and design and construction of protection methods. Rock Fall Engineering describes first, the theoretical background to rock fall behavior in terms of the impact and trajectory phases of rock falls, and second, how this information is applied to modeling of rock falls and the design of ditches, fences and sheds. The theory of rock fall behavior is verified by comparing the calculations with five carefully documented case studies.The book covers four main topics as follows: Describes causes of rock falls, including geology, climate and topography, and provides detailed documentation on rock fall impacts and trajectories at five sites with a wide variety of topographic and geologic features Discusses theory of impact mechanics, and its application to velocity and energy changes during impacts and trajectories Reviews methods of modeling rock fall events, and presents analyses for the five case studies Examines rock fall protection in terms of selecting appropriate method(s) for site conditions, and design principles in which the objective is to absorb impact energy in an efficient manner This book, which contains many worked examples, is of interest to practitioners and researchers working in the fields of geological engineering and natural hazards. Duncan C. Wyllie is a principal with Wyllie & Norrish Rock Engineers in Vancouver, Canada, and a registered professional engineer in British Columbia. He has worked on rock fall hazard projects involving the design and construction protection measures since the 1970s. He is the author of Foundations on Rock, Second Edition, and Rock Slope Engineering, Fourth Edition, both published by CRC Press.

Over 140 experts, 14 countries, and 89 chapters are represented in the second edition of the Bridge Engineering Handbook. This extensive collection highlights bridge engineering specimens from around the world, contains detailed information on bridge engineering, and thoroughly explains the concepts and practical applications surrounding the subject. Published in five books: Fundamentals, Superstructure Design, Substructure Design, Seismic Design, and Construction and Maintenance, this new edition provides numerous worked-out examples that give readers step-by-step design procedures, includes contributions by leading experts from around the world in their respective areas of bridge engineering, contains 26 completely new chapters, and updates most other chapters. It offers design concepts, specifications, and practice, as well as the various types of bridges. The text includes over 2,500 tables, charts, illustrations, and photos. The book covers new, innovative and traditional methods and practices; explores rehabilitation, retrofit, and maintenance; and examines seismic design and building materials. The second book, Superstructure Design, contains 19 chapters, and covers information on how to design all types of bridges. What's New in the Second Edition: Includes two new chapters: Extradosed Bridges and Stress Ribbon Pedestrian Bridges Updates the Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges chapter and rewrites it as two chapters: Precast/Pretensioned Concrete Girder Bridges and Cast-In-Place Post-Tensioned Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges Expands the chapter on Bridge Decks and Approach Slabs and divides it into two chapters: Concrete Decks and Approach Slabs Rewrites seven chapters: Segmental Concrete Bridges, Composite Steel I-Girder Bridges, Composite Steel Box Girder Bridges, Arch Bridges, Cable-Stayed Bridges, Orthotropic Steel Decks, and Railings This text is an ideal reference for practicing bridge engineers and consultants (design, construction, maintenance), and can also be used as a reference for students in bridge engineering courses.

This book presents five computer programs in FORTRAN together with descriptions of how to use them for static analysis of skeletal structures. It includes several worked examples, including pin-jointed plane and space trusses, continuous beams, and two and three dimensional rigid-jointed frames.

The structural challenges of building 800 metres into the sky are substantial, and include several factors which do not affect low-rise construction. This book focusses on these areas specifically to provide the architectural and structural knowledge which must be taken into account in order to design tall buildings successfully. In presenting examples of steel, reinforced concrete, and composite structural systems for such buildings, it is shown that wind load has a very important effect on the architectural and structural design. The aerodynamic approach to tall buildings is considered in this context, as is earthquake induced lateral loading. Case studies of some of the world's most iconic buildings, illustrated with full colour photographs, structural plans and axonometrics, will bring to life the design challenges which they presented to architects and structural engineers. The Empire State Building, the Burj Khalifa, Taipei 101 and the HSB Turning Torso are just a few examples of the buildings whose real-life specifications are used to explain and illustrate core design principles, and their subsequent effect on the finished structure.

First published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering contains the proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering (NUMGE 2014, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 June 2014). It is the eighth in a series of conferences organised by the European Regional Technical Committee ERTC7 under the auspices of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). The first conference was held in 1986 in Stuttgart, Germany and the series has continued every four years (Santander, Spain 1990; Manchester, United Kingdom 1994; Udine, Italy 1998; Paris, France 2002; Graz, Austria 2006; Trondheim, Norway 2010).

Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering presents the latest developments relating to the use of numerical methods in geotechnical engineering, including scientific achievements, innovations and engineering applications related to, or employing, numerical methods. Topics include: constitutive modelling, parameter determination in field and laboratory tests, finite element related numerical methods, other numerical methods, probabilistic methods and neural networks, ground improvement and reinforcement, dams, embankments and slopes, shallow and deep foundations, excavations and retaining walls, tunnels, infrastructure, groundwater flow, thermal and coupled analysis, dynamic applications, offshore applications and cyclic loading models. The book is aimed at academics, researchers and practitioners in geotechnical engineering and geomechanics.

The third edition of this authoritative handbook provides the structural designer with comprehensive guidance on prestressed concrete and its effective use, covering materials, behaviour, analysis and design of prestressed elements. It includes numerous examples, design charts and details of post-tensioning systems.

'Baltic Piling' contains the proceedings of the Baltic Piling Days 2012 (Tallinn, Estonia, 3-5 September 2012). The book includes contributions on current issues in pile foundation engineering:

- Interaction of pile and grillage;

- Formation of pile bearing capacity

- Settlements of piles

- Pile foundation under historical buildings

- Thermopiles, and

- Interaction of georgid and pile.

'Baltic Piling' will be of interest to engineers, academics and students interested in pile foundation engineering and related disciplines.

Students and professionals encountering estimating for the first time need an approachable introduction to its principles and techniques, which is up to date with current practice. Introduction to Estimating for Construction explains both the traditional techniques, and best practice in early contractor involvement situations, within the framework of modern construction procurement. As well as introducing different estimating techniques, it includes: The nature of costs in construction from a cost of resources approach Modern tendering procedures and the stages of development of construction projects How to convert an estimate into a formal tender and then into a contract Simple numerical examples of estimates Estimating and cost analysis during the construction project Summaries and discussion questions in every chapter This is an easy to read introduction to building estimating for undergraduate students, or anyone working in a quantity surveying or construction commercial management role who needs a quick reference.

Virtual worlds are places where humans interact, and as such they can be environments for research and learning. However, they are complex and mutable in ways that more controlled and traditional environments are not. Although computer-mediated, virtual worlds are multifaceted social systems like the offline world, and choosing to study virtual world phenomena demands as much consideration for the participants, the environment and the researcher as offline.

By exploring virtual worlds as places of research and learning, the international practitioners in this book demonstrate the power of these worlds to replicate and extend our arenas of research and learning. They focus on process and outcomes and consider questions that arise from engaging in teaching and research in these spaces, including new approaches to research ethics, internationalization, localization, and collaboration in virtual worlds.

This book was originally published as a special issue of Learning, Media & Technology.

Rock Characterisation, Modelling and Engineering Design Methods contains the contributions presented at the 3rd ISRM SINOROCK Symposium (Shanghai, China, 18-20 June 2013). The papers contribute to the further development of the overall rock engineering design process through the sequential linkage of the three themes of rock characterisation, modelling and design methods, including feedback from the construction process itself. In addition, they enhance the interaction between the rock mechanics community in China and the rock mechanics communities in other countries. Rock Characterisation, Modelling and Engineering Design Methods not only describes the current state-of-the-art in rock characterisation, modelling and design, it also covers the manifold aspects of rock mechanics and rock engineering. The book will be of interest to professionals, engineers and academics involved in the theoretical and practical aspects of rock mechanics and engineering.