This book deals with organ failure and the way it can be managed artificially without requiring a transplant. Written by a mixture of European and US physicians and surgeons, each of the chapters compares the artificial organ to what is currently available from the transplant point of view to highlight the current and modern available techniques for organ replacement.

The book will be a useful reading for postgraduate students and people interested in modern surgical and medical technology.

Ethical Problems in Dialysis and Transplantation presents an overview of issues with which nephrologists and decision makers are confronted in their daily practice. The search for a universal system of ethics and theories of justice are addressed. Furthermore the work provides a normative ethical discussion of ways of distributing resources with a view to selection and commercialization. Others chapters discuss a philosophical and religious analysis of stopping treatment and the clinical and ethical aspects of stopping treatment in dialysis. Different views from different countries on the subject of dialysis and transplantation are covered including the views expressed by contributors from India, Africa, Japan, Great Britain and China. The work presents the clinician with a guide to the ethical considerations underlying the treatment of dialysis and renal transplantation patients.

Increased recognition of the overlap between critical care and renal medicine, and recent advances in the understanding of acute renal failure and the application of renal replacement therapies, have brought increased attention to the nephrologist's role in the intensive care unit (ICU). This book is written to provide an approach for the resident in nephrology, at any level of training, with regards to critically ill patients. This text provides the information necessary to provide care for the nephrology patient in the ICU.

With detailed contributions from more than 40 leading authorities on the topic, this Third Edition comprehensively explores the immunobiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-offering sections revealing the most up-to-date research on immune activation and dysregulation, the pathophysiology of target organ damage, and GVHD prevention and treatment.

Perhaps no medical breakthrough in the twentieth century is more spectacular, more hope-giving, or more fraught with ethical questions than organ transplantation. Each year some 25,000 Americans are pulled back from the brink of death by receiving vital new organs. Another 5,000 die while waiting for them. And what distinguishes these two groups has become the source of one of our thorniest ethical questions.
In Raising the Dead, Ronald Munson offers a vivid, often wrenchingly dramatic account of how transplants are performed, how we decide who receives them, and how we engage the entire range of tough issues that arise because of them. Each chapter begins with a detailed account of a specific case--Mickey Mantle's controversial liver transplant, for example--followed by careful analysis of its surrounding ethical questions (the charges that Mantle received special treatment because he was a celebrity, the larger problems involving how organs are allocated, and whether alcoholics should have an equal claim on donor livers). In approaching transplant ethics through specific cases, Munson reminds us of the complex personal and emotional dimension that underlies such issues. The book also ranges beyond our present capabilities to explore the future possibilities in xenotransplantation (transplanting animal organs into humans) and stem cell technology that would allow doctors to grow new organs from the patient's own cells.
Based on extensive scientific research, but written with a novelist's eye for the human condition, Raising the Dead shows readers the reality of organ transplantation now, the possibility of what it may become, and how we might respond to the ethical challenges it forces us to confront.

A history of the little-known or forgotten academic origins of modern organ transplant surgery. This book investigates a crucial -- but forgotten -- episode in the history of medicine. In it, Thomas Schlich systematically documents and analyzes the earliest clinical and experimental organ transplant surgeries. In so doing helays open the historical origins of modern transplantation, offering a new and original analysis of its conceptual basis within a broader historical context. This first comprehensive account of the birth of modern transplantmedicine examines how doctors and scientists between 1880 and 1930 developed the technology and rationale for performing surgical organ replacement within the epistemological and social context of experimental university medicine. The clinical application of organ replacement, however, met with formidable obstacles even as the procedure became more widely recognized. Schlich highlights various attempts to overcome these obstacles, including immunologicalexplanations and new technologies of immune suppression, and documents the changes in surgical technique and research standards that led to the temporary abandonment of organ transplantation by the 1930s. Thomas Schlichis Professor and Canada Research Chair in the History of Medicine at McGill University.

This book is serving the surgical trainee and the experienced transplant surgeon as a compendium of the various topics in split liver grafting. It is comprised of articles by faculty members of the first International Course on Split Liver Transplantation. Covering the main aspects of Split Liver Transplantation, this excellent volume helps livertransplant-surgeons select the best technique and getting aware of pitfalls. Detailed instructions on the different procedures are round off by an overview on technical development, status quo as well as the experience to date.

The majority of patients in need of organ transplants do not survive long enough for a suitable human organ to become available. Xenotransplantation, the transplant of animal organs into humans, has attracted substantial media attention. If, as appears likely, it proves possible to "humanize" animal organs and evade the problems of rejection, in the coming few years there will be a tremendous increase in this procedure, mostly using organs from animals specifically for their harvestable organs. This book will lay out the potential and promise of the technique, the history of organ transplantation, the technical problems and breakthroughs in overcoming immune rejection, and typing and humanizing donor organs for transplantation. The ethical question of growing animals specifically for organ harvest, and the substantial public health concern from the certainty that animal viruses will pass into humans with the donated organs, will be fully discussed. The authors are among the leaders in the field of Xenotransplantation.

The first experiments with neural transplantation into the brain (for a review, see Bjorklund and Stenevi 1985) were reported at the end of the last century by Thompson (1890), who took cortical tissue from adult cats and implanted the tissue pieces into the neocortex of adult dogs. The neurons did not survive, but the transplanted mass did not disintegrate entirely. Successful graft ing into the brain was reported later by Ranson (1909), who implanted spinal ganglia into the cerebral cortex of developing rats, and by Dunn (1917), who reported survival of implanted neonatal cortex into the cortex of newborn recipients. Another important step was made by Le Gros Clark (1940) who reported that, in the rabbit, embryonic (E) cortical tissue could be successfully grafted into the cortex of young recipients. Ex periments by Wallace and Das (1982), and Bjorklund and Stenevi (1984), showing behavioral effects of grafts, subsequently stimu lated a growing interest in neurotransplantation research. Intrac erebral grafting is now considered a powerful tool for addressing fundamental questions about development, regenerative, or re storative phenomena in the central nervous system (CNS) and is a potential therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.

This supplement to "TRANSPLANT International" contains a most recent update of clinical and experimental research in transplantation and experiences with all modern immunosuppressive drugs, presented at the 7th Congress of the European Society of Organ Transplantation in Vienna in October 1995. The book has relevant information on clinical transplantation of kidneys, livers, hearts and pancreases as well as basic research data of immunbiology and organ preservation. More than 80% of the contributions were generated by respected European research institutions and therefore the book provides a comprehensive overview of European activities in transplantation research.

Biliary tract complications are still the major cause of morbidity following orthotopic liver transplantation. This book deals systematically with the large variety of possible cholangiographic changes. The figures are the results of a review of cholangiograms from more than 280 patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. The etiology, clinical aspects, and treatment of these complications are reviewed on the basis of the authors' experience in radiology, endoscopy, and transplant surgery.

A beautifully written and compelling memoir of a largely unexplored area of medicine: transplant surgery. Leading transplant surgeon Dr Joshua Mezrich creates life from loss, moving organs from one body to another. In this intimate, profoundly moving work, he examines more than one hundred years of remarkable medical breakthroughs, connecting this fascinating history with the stories of his own patients. Gripping and evocative, How Death Becomes Life takes us inside the operating room and presents the stark dilemmas that transplant surgeons must face daily: How much risk should a healthy person be allowed to take to save someone she loves? Should a patient suffering from alcoholism receive a healthy liver? The human story behind the most exceptional medicine of our time, Mezrich's riveting book is a poignant reminder that a life lost can also offer the hope of a new beginning.

This supplement to Transplant International contains the Proceedings of the successful 5th Congress of the European Society for Organ Transplantation held in Maastricht from 7-10 October 1991. Of 827 abstracts submitted to the congress, 548 were selected by the Scien tific Committee for either oral or poster presentation. Of these 548 presenta tions, the guest editors selected 212 full papers for publication in this book. Two aspects are important where proceedings are concerned-the quality of the papers and the speed of publication. I thank our authors and guest editors, whose combined expertise has given us a guarantee of quality. I also thank our editorial and production teams for their tremendous efforts to hasten editing, proofreading, printing, and publication. In particular, I would like to express my gratitude to Maurits Booster, M.D., and Sylvia van Roosmalen for their assist ance and support in seeing this supplement through to completion. As a concession to time, we have waived some of our stringent rules of style and limited our correspondence with authors by, for example, page proofs being reviewed and corrected in house only. This enables us to publish two months earlier but has the disadvantage that, given the allotted time, we have not been able to ensure that each and every article has an abstract, nor that every "i" has been dotted in the reference lists or in the addresses/institute affiliations of all the authors."

A symposium, "Perioperative Management of Pacemaker Patients", was held in May 1990 at the Karl-Franzens-Universitat, Landeskrankenhaus Graz, Austria. The purpose of the symposium, organized by the Departments of Anesthesiology and Surgery, was to discuss the current status of permanent pacemaker technology, emerging developments in this field, legal issues, indications and methods for tempor ary perioperative pacing, and the potential for pacemaker malfunction and adverse patient-pacemaker interactions in perioperative and other medical settings. It was hoped that participants would come to some consensus concerning recommendations for satisfactory perioperative management of pacemaker patients. This symposium was probably the fIrst occasion ever that brought together representatives of the pacemaker industry, implanting physicians, and physicians responsible for the management of pacemaker patients in perioperative and other hospital settings to discuss these important matters. Certainly, it was recognized by all who attended that there existed at the time little in the way of substantial knowledge of how to best manage pacemaker patients or patients with possible indications for temporary pacing in "unique" hospital settings especially with exposure to electroma gnetic and other potential interference, but in the absence of professional persons with direct knowledge of pacemakers and related devices. Much new information was presented and useful ideas exchanged, so that three symposium participants were of the opinion that papers presented at this meeting should be published as a collective work.

In about 5% of all organ (kidney, liver) transplant recipients, malignancies occur as a late complication of the massive immunosuppression. The malignancies are mainly skin cancers, lymphomas and renal carcinomas. The present book discusses the possible mechanisms of this type of tumorigenesis and inquires into possibilities of prevention. In particular, the described malignancies might be of viral origin. The book informs about a completely new type of carcinogenesis. Apart from the scientific aspects, it is of great practical value.

Written by internationally acclaimed specialists, Cardio-Thoracic, Vascular, Renal and Transplant Surgery provides pertinent and concise procedure descriptions spanning benign and malignant problems and minimally invasive procedures. Complications are reviewed when appropriate for the organ system and problem, creating a book that is both comprehensive and accessible. Stages of operative approaches with relevant technical considerations are outlined in an easily understandable manner. Forming part of the series, Surgery: Complications, Risks and Consequences, this volume Cardio-Thoracic, Vascular, Renal and Transplant Surgery provides a valuable resource for all general surgeons and residents in training. Other healthcare providers will also find this a useful resource.

In man and some of the apes, the thumb has the function of a contra finger. This function is made possible by a great freedom of movement of the first metacarpal and a highly developed and differentiated thumb musculature. The grasp function of the hand is dependent on the oppositional capacity and adductive power of the thumb, and is severely limited by a paralysis or dysfunction of the intrinsic thumb muscles. Whereas loss of the function of the adductor pollicis can be partially compensated for by the adductive action of the extensor pollicis longus, in paralysis or dysfunction of the radial thenar muscles compensation can only be provided by surgery. Since 1918, many methods of tendon transfer have been described for the restoration of thumb opposition, all of which bring about an improvement of the grasp function, albeit to different degrees. These methods vary in the selection of the motor, the direction of pull of the tendon, the use of a fulcrum, and the mode of insertion. The highly effective method of Bunnell (1938) is often used as the standard procedure. With this method, the flexor superficialis tendon of the ring finger is looped around the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris and passed subcutaneously across the thenar eminence, after which it is fixed on the thumb at the level of the metacarpo-phalangeal joint."

As the number and types of pediatric transplants increase and the complexity of chemotherapy regimens continues to evolve, there is a greater need for authoritative guidance, clinically actionable strategies, and easy-to-find information in the challenging area of immunocompromised pediatric patients. Pediatric Transplant and Oncology Infectious Diseases offers up-to-date, targeted coverage of this complex field, compiled by world-renowned editors and authors into one convenient volume. Covers the must-know principles for diagnosing and managing opportunistic infections in immunocompromised populations and detailed aspects of their care - information not specifically covered in pediatric infectious disease textbooks or pediatric oncology books. Features algorithms in every chapter that provide visual, accessible overviews of treatment protocols. Discusses key topics such as microbiome implications in transplantation and oncology, antimicrobial resistant Gram-negative bacteria, EBV-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, and many others. Offers well-referenced, evidence-based content throughout, with targeted suggested readings provided. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

Die Transplantation gesunder Organe, Gewebe oder Zellen ist durch den Fortschritt der Hochleistungsmedizin zum etablierten Routineverfahren bei der Behandlung des irreversiblen Organversagens geworden. Das Thema Transplantationsmedizin ist an zukunftstrachtige und kontroverse Forschungsgebiete wie die der Stammzellenforschung und Immunbiologie gekoppelt. Dieses Werk wurde von prominenten Wissenschaftlern aus den jeweiligen Gebieten der Transplantationsmedizin geschrieben. Es soll dem niedergelassenen Arzt alle Aspekte der Transplantationsmedizin und ihren Nutzen fur den Patienten nahe bringen. Kurze, ubersichtliche Kapitel zu theoretischen Grundlagen - uber rechtliche, ethische bis hin zu philosophischen Fragestellungen - sowie Kapitel, die alle wichtigen Organe und Organgruppen behandeln und auf das komplexe Gebiet der Immunreaktionen eingehen, beantworten dem Arzt alle Fragen zur Transplantation. Besonderer Wert wird auf Rehabilitation gelegt. Eine Marginalspalte foerdert eine schnelle Orientierung.

Perhaps no medical breakthrough in the twentieth century is more spectacular, more hope-giving, or more fraught with ethical questions than organ transplantation. Each year some 25,000 Americans are pulled back from the brink of death by receiving vital new organs. Another 5,000 die while waiting for them. And what distinguishes these two groups has become the source of one of our thorniest ethical questions. In Raising the Dead, Ronald Munson offers a vivid, often wrenchingly dramatic account of how transplants are performed, how we decide who receives them, and how we engage the entire range of tough issues that arise because of them. Each chapter begins with a detailed account of a specific case--Mickey Mantle's controversial liver transplant, for example--followed by careful analysis of its surrounding ethical questions (the charges that Mantle received special treatment because he was a celebrity, the larger problems involving how organs are allocated, and whether alcoholics should have an equal claim on donor livers). In approaching transplant ethics through specific cases, Munson reminds us of the complex personal and emotional dimension that underlies such issues. The book also ranges beyond our present capabilities to explore the future possibilities in xenotransplantation (transplanting animal organs into humans) and stem cell technology that would allow doctors to grow new organs from the patient's own cells. Based on extensive scientific research, but written with a novelist's eye for the human condition, Raising the Dead shows readers the reality of organ transplantation now, the possibility of what it may become, and how we might respond to the ethical challenges it forces us to confront.

Whilst activities like transplantation and medical research have typically been considered on a discrete basis, they are also actually part of a broader phenomenon of medical means being employed to make use of human beings. This book is the first ever systematic critique of such medical use of the human being as a whole. It is divided into two parts. The first part considers what constitutes an appropriate normative lens through which to view such medical use and its constraint. It makes a reasoned ethical and human-rights-based case for preferring respect for human worth over any of the main alternative approaches that have been drawn on in specific contexts and outlines what this preference practically implies. The second part uses this respect-based lens to critique use discourse, law and practice. Drawing on three contrasting case study areas of warfare-related medical use, transplantation and human tissue research, this book exposes both the context-specific and thematic nature of shortfalls in respect. Overall this book provides a compelling analysis of how medical use ought to be constrained and a compelling critique of the excesses of discourse, practice and governance. It is recommended to academics, students, policymakers and professionals whose work is focused on or intersects with the medical sector and anyone else with an interest in medicine and its limits.

Heart failure is epidemic throughout the world. A growing incidence and prevalence has resulted in a large population of individuals transitioning to advanced stages of the syndrome and requiring uniquely specialised therapies and cardiac transplantation. Oxford Textbook of Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplantation is a focused and comprehensive work covering this new and rapidly growing cardiovascular subspecialty. Authored by eminent international experts, it is the authoritative text on advanced heart failure and a central resource for clinicians caring for patients with this conditition. By covering a range of characteristics, therapeutic challenges and practical aspects of managing patients this book provides an in-depth source for cardiologists and other related clinicians. A strong focus on the difficult decision making needed to handle advanced heart failure cases, along with specific knowledge of epidemiology, biology and pathophysiology, creates a key tool for optimally managing these complex patients.

Transplantation is a medically successful and cost-effective way to treat people whose organs have failed-but not enough organs are available to meet demand. Ethics and the Acquisition of Organs is concerned with the major ethical problems raised by policies for acquiring organs. The main topics are the rights of the dead, the role of the family, opt in and opt out systems, the conscription of organs, living organ donation from adults and children, directed donation and priority for donors, and the sale of organs. In this ground-breaking work, T. M. Wilkinson uses concepts from moral and political theory such as autonomy, rights, posthumous interests, justice, and well-being, in a context informed by the clinical, legal, and policy aspects of transplantation. The result is a rigorous philosophical exploration of real problems and options. He argues that the ethics of acquiring organs for transplantation is not only of great intellectual interest, but also of practical importance. As such, this book will be of profit not only to students and academics who work in applied ethics and bioethics, but also to the lawyers, policy-makers, clinicians, and lobby groups interested in transplantation.