Metallic (magnetic and non-magnetic) nanocrystalline materials have
been known for over ten years but only recent developments in the
research into those complex alloys and their metastable amorphous
precursors have created a need to summarize the most important
accomplishments in the field. This book is a collection of articles
on various aspects of metallic nanocrystalline materials, and an
attempt to address this above need.
The main focus of the papers is on the new issues that emerge in
the studies of nanocrystalline materials, and, in particular, on
(i) new compositions of the alloys, (ii) properties of conventional
nanocrystalline materials, (iii) modeling and simulations, (iv)
preparation methods, (v) experimental techniques of measurements,
and (vi) different modern applications. Interesting phenomena of
the physics of nanocrystalline materials are a consequence of the
effects induced by the nanocrystalline structure. They include
interface physics, the influence of the grain boundaries, the
averaging of magnetic anisotropy by exchange interactions, the
decrease in exchange length, and the existence of a minimum
two-phase structure at the atomic scale.
Attention is also paid to the special character of the local
atomic ordering and to the corresponding interatomic bonding as
well as to anomalies and particularities of electron density
distributions, and to the formation of metastable, nanocrystalline
(or quasi-crystalline) phases built from exceptionally small grains
with special properties. Another important focus of attention are
new classes of materials which are not based on new compositions,
but rather on the original and special crystalline structure in
thenanoscale.
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