The book Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation is intended as a text book of micro irrigation design and practices for the students of the agricultural sciences and the professionals and workers in the field of micro irrigation. The book discusses the type and components, hydraulics and design, installation and maintenance of micro irrigation system. It contains good number of numerical as example and task to get the students familiar to the requirements, complicacies, and possible remedies in actual working condition. In addition to conventional broad and short questions in every of the book there are multiple choice questions to assist the students in preparing the competitive examinations.

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L. f. Anacardiaceae) is very important and dollar earning plantation crop. A systematic compilation on various aspects has been covered in this book. It consists the s viz. Introduction; History, origin and geographical distribution; Area, production, productivity, export and import; Soil and climate; Biodiversity and crop improvement; Varieties; Propagation and production of planting material; Morphology and tree characters; Pollination techniques; Establishments of cashew orchard; Mineral nutrition; Training and pruning; Rejuvenation of old orchards; Inter-cropping and cover cropping; Intercultural operation; Maturity, harvesting and yield; Post harvest storage; Marketing of raw nuts; Nutritive value of cashew; Cashew nut processing; Cashew apple processing; Pests and diseases; Economics for cashew cultivation; Future strategies along with references. This book will be helpful to students and teachers of horticulture, agriculture and forestry, scientists, researchers, cashew growers and processors including small scale processing unit holders.

Family farming is the predominant form of agriculture in the food production sectors in both developing and developed countries. It mainly includes all family-based agricultural activities, and it is linked to several areas of rural and social development. It is understood as a means of organizing agricultural, forestry, fisheries, pastoral and aquaculture production which is managed and operated by a family and increasingly reliant on family labour of both men and women. In developing countries like India, a number of factors are key for the successful development of family farming, such as: agro-ecological conditions and territorial characteristics; access to markets; policy environment; access to land and natural resources; access to technology and extension services; access to finance; demographic, economic and socio-cultural conditions; availability of specialized education among a few. The United Nations has designated the year 2014 as the International Year of Family Farming at the 66th session of the United Nations General Assembly recognizing the increasing role of family farming in poverty alleviation and rural development in particular. The content of the book offers a diverse selection of s that address issues of importance to those in the agriculture industry, researchers, faculty, and others.

In the present global scenario, biodiversity management draws the highest attention among researchers and development functionaries. The 's carries information on current status of plant and animal biodiversity, indigenous practices, landraces, traditional knowledge and gene bank conservation. Detailed account has been presented on major agricultural crops such as wheat, rice, maize, sorghum, organic pigeon pea, millets, niger and cotton. s on as to how can underutilize bioresources be brought under commercial umbrella. Sustainability cannot be ensured without animal bioresources, therefore s have been included on cattle, Indian livestock, poultry, native chickens, camelids etc., and also on pollinator fauna. s are included on monitoring methods for presence of adventitious presence of transgenes and xenobiotic monitoring. Community is the central point in sustainable agrobiodiversity management. The awareness, community strategies, social equity, conservation of local practices and community participation are the key words. The s have been included on indigenous practices for seed storage, conservation of traditional water tanks, tribal farmers' knowledge & practices, role of women in conservation, organic practices, community seed networks, community pastures and public-private partnerships.

Biotechnological tools supplement various conventional approaches in conservation, characterization and utilization for increasing production and productivity of agricultural and horticultural crops. The emerging field of bioinformatics is an integrated field arising from merging of biology and informatics. It is a conglomeration of various new frontiers of science like genomics, proteomics, metabolomics etc. The rich warehouse of proteome and genome information nearly doubling every year has significant implications and applications in various areas of science including agriculture, horticulture, forestry and food science. Cheminformatics is specialized to a range of problems in the field of chemistry. Chemical pesticide reduction is possible by adopting cheminformatics methods to identify naturally occurring chemical compounds in crops which act against pests. Bioinformatics has transformed the discipline of life science from a purely lab based science to an information science as well. The ICAR has recently launched a National Agricultural Bioinformatics Grid (NABG) to serve as a computational facility in developing national biodatabases and data warehouses. The present book Agriculture Bioinformatics is a compilation of 17 information packed s authored by working scientists in the respective discipline. In addition to the theoretical information, practical and applied aspects to boost productivity and quality of crops are given.

The book begins with - Introduction, which deals with the concept of research methodology. Second includes details on collection of data, followed by sampling techniques. four enumerates sample size calculation. Basic concept of probability is provided in five, whereas, in six hypothesis formulation is discussed in detail. seven will give an insight on how to write a research proposal/ project with an example. In eight writing a scientific research paper, how to write a review paper, methods of presenting research outcome using oral presentation, poster presentation and ethics in research are discussed. At the end of this , some of the words which are commonly misused are pointed out. nine is all about the methods deal in data presentation using table, graph, figure etc. A is also devoted to selected bibliography, which may be helpful for further reading. The book is written considering the requirements of the students offering research methodology at under and postgraduate levels. This book will be attractive to researchers needing familiarity with research methods. The methods described in this book are made user's friendly so that even general readers will find this book useful.

Techniques related to various physiological phenomenon are subject of tremendous interest and importance to plant physiologist, agronomist, horticulturist, ecologist, and biochemists. This book is intended to provide recognized methods related various plant processes in a comprehensive form. Techniques on crop physiology such as hydroponics and plant nutrition, test for various stresses, water potential and water flow in plants, canopy gas measurements (Photosynthesis, Respiration and Transpiration), basic equations for growth studies and methods for estimations of plant products, microclimate. Efforts were also made to incorporate the topic like Climate Change and theory of phytotron as well as rhizotron in this book. The book will make the reader familiar with latest procedure to elucidate the problems. The validity of the results based on fundamentals principles of physics. This book is meant to be used in conjunction with a standard text of plant physiology though elementary principles relating to the techniques are briefed. The subjects on hormones, tissue culture and seed technology are useful for students. Hope this book shall serve the need of students, teachers and researchers.

The book is a reference book useful for undergraduates, postgraduates and research scholars of biological, ecological and medical sciences. The purpose of writing this book is to provide an accessible reference book on statistical techniques whose proper use will help students in withdrawing accurate results and able to interpret them logically. The methods described in this book are, of course, the same as those used in different disciplines, but things are made so user's friendly that even general readers will find this book useful. The s of the book have been organized in such a way that suits the course curriculum of various universities. In this book enough materials are provided to cover statistical techniques with examples which are ecological and biological based.

The objective of this book is to provide state-of-the-art knowledge, and highlight the current developments taking place in biological sciences. The book encompasses topics on prokaryotic cyanobacteria to higher plants, distributed in fourteen s for the benefit of graduate and post-graduate students as well as young researchers and scientists. Subjects covered include molecular and biochemical diversity of microbes, stress biology, cyanotoxins, antimicrobial activity of drugs originated from plants, natural bioactive compounds of microbial origin, detection approaches for genetically modified crops, genomics and proteomics. The book provides an insight for future perspectives in particular field with extensive bibliographies at the end of each . With all these, this book becomes highly useful and must-read for students, researchers and professionals in botany, biotechnology, bioinformatics, environmental sciences, agriculture, molecular biology and other streams of biological sciences.

The application of machines and better power sources to enhance agricultural production has been one of the most significant developments in agriculture. Mechanization of agriculture is needed for development and optimal utilization of natural resources leading to higher productivity and reduced cost of production for greater profitability, economic competitiveness and sustainability. Mechanization also imparts capacity to the farmers to carry out farm operations with dignity, comfort and freedom from drudgery, making the farming agreeable vocation for educated youth as well. It helps the farmers to achieve timeliness in farm operations and apply costly input with reduced quantity for better efficacy and efficiency. Small and marginal farmers can now make use of high capacity agricultural machines on custom hire basis. The results of this development can be seen in many aspects such as increase in productivity and production per worker, precision in application of crop inputs, increase in cropping intensity due to timeliness of operations, increase in the quality of produce, reduction in grain losses and increase in farm employment. Mechanization is particularly advantageous when it can minimize a high peak labour demand that occurs over a relatively short period of time each year. Mechanization also encourages better management of farm inputs, improvement in working conditions and performance of jobs that would otherwise be difficult by hand. It also helps in reducing the cost of production. This book 'Mechanization of Cultivated Crops' covers the farm tools and equipment used in different operations such as land development, tillage, seeding/planting, interculture, fertilizer application, plant protection, harvesting and threshing and residue management. The book can be referred as a textbook for the under graduate students of agriculture and under graduate and post graduate students of agricultural engineering.

Analytical Methods for Agricultural Contaminants provides proven laboratory practices and methods necessary to control contaminants and residues in food and water. This reference provides insight into good laboratory practices and examples of methods used in individual specialist laboratories, thus enabling stakeholders in the agri-food industry to appreciate the importance of proven, reliable data and the associated quality assurance approaches for end product testing for toxic levels of contaminants and contaminant residues in food. The book offers standard operating procedures and tools for researchers, practitioners and students to confidently engage in using research methods with the aim to control contaminants. Users in a laboratory setting will find this to be a practical and useful reference on how to detect and control agricultural contaminants for a safe food supply.

The Book is an introductory text, presenting some of the basic concepts and techniques of Statistical inference. It has been written primarily to suit the students and research workers in the area of agricultural science. An understanding of the logic and theory of statistics is essential for the students of agriculture who are expected to know the techniques of analysing data and drawing useful conclusions. It has been the intention of the authors to keep the book at a readability level appropriate for students who do not have a mathematical background. This book can serve as comprehensive reference source of statistical techniques helpful to agricultural research workers in the interpretation of data.

The book deals with various tools and applications of bioinformatics in the fields of: o agriculture, corals, structural bioinformatics, data-mining, text-mining; o medicinal plants, antibiotics, protein structure prediction, drug design; o gene expression, micro-arrays, proteomics, molecular phylogenic location of the Indian Liver Fluke, rough sets to predict protein structural class; o artificial neural networks for prediction of amino acids levels, plant systems biology, molecular modeling, homology modeling, bio-efficacy of indigenous bacillus through in-silico approach; o fresh aquaculture and fisheries, pesticides and insecticides, databases and tools development in the relevant area. The book would be of much use to the person working in the field of agricultural biotechnology, bioinformatics, computer science and applied statistics. This can act as a book for M.Sc, M.Tech and Ph.D students of and the faculty of Bioinformatics/Biotechnologists.

The book is been divided into 5 major categories: Weather & Agromet Service / Pest & Diseases / Climatic influences over Agriculture & Horticultural crops / Climatic influences over Animal Husbandry and Fisheries / ICT application in Agriculture. The book covers the detail information on the probable impacts of climatic variabilty on various agricultural and horticultural crops with pest and disease incidences and their remedial measures. The effect of climate change in animal husbandry sector particularly summer infertility, productivity and disease spectrum is elucidated in a lucid and practical way. Fisheries both inland and marine are also taken into account considering fish productivity and disease incidence. Forewarning models with weather forecast are also described in the book with special emphasis to develop a strategy for Resilient Agriculture. ICT application in Agriculture has also found a place in the book, which is a compendium of the entire gamut of the potential impacts on Agriculture and allied sectors thus suggesting the ways to combat weather vagaries.

The book is purely a text book for the undergraduate students of extension education in colleges. This is based on the syllabus of first year agriculture students. This will help the students for the NET and JRF examinations. The book consists of six s mainly dealing with the basics of extension education, community development, rural development, and important rural as well as community development programmes as per the syllabus. Besides, some frontier areas of extension are also discussed in the book.

"Unity is the Strength". People have enormous power, that too women. If this principle could be applied in our every walk of life, the sky would be the limit of the fruits of success. The women should be awaken for their unbelievable potential they have. This potential should be converted into the capability through appropriate intervention. Dairy Cooperative Society is one of the best alternative means for farm women to engage and empower themselves in all aspects of their life. Cow keeping and curd making are the traditional practices of rural women. Only this practice is to be channelized in a systematic cooperative mechanism for greater interest and better performance. Farm women can be self- sustained socio- economically by adopting our traditional day's tradition of cow keeping and curd making. The book explains steps need to be taken in the functioning of Women Dairy Cooperatives Societies such as their performance, functioning, organization, entrepreneurial behavior of members & constraints in functioning etc. with the support of research evidence.

Indigenous knowledge is the knowledge of the indigenous people inhabiting different geographical regions of the world with their own language, culture, tradition, belief, folklore, rites and rituals. Indigenous knowledge so developed is based on necessities, instinct, curiosity and observations of ethnic groups to mitigate the immediate situations. Eventually, this local knowledge in course of time gets socially accepted and validated which finally inters into the social life and subsequently become the Indigenous Traditional Knowledge (ITK) of the society as a whole. As such, scientist in this knowledge base economy who are in research of new ideas and innovations expect that indigenous knowledge may hold significant message which may be of use to remedy the deficiencies in modern agricultural and environment related issues. There is a need for studying and documenting traditional knowledge in different ecological and cultural environments. Several researchers are working on ITK in different fields of agriculture and allied sectors. There is a demand for a standard book on the overview of ITK. This book is designed in such a way that will give an overview of ITK, the differences between Science & ITK, different tools and techniques used in ITK, classification, importance & utilization of ITK, and recent ongoing researches on ITK in different parts of India. The objective of this book is to encourage the study of ethnic knowledge in different field of agriculture and allied sector. It is also an attempt to circulate amongst a larger group of readers regarding the importance of indigenous knowledge in scientific world. This book will, perhaps, be well received in all the Agricultural Universities, Animal Husbandry & Fisheries University, State Govt. Agri-allied Departments, Private and Public Sector Institutions where training, teaching, research and extension of agri-allied sector is undertaken.

Mobile phones are revolutionised the communication process and becoming all-in-one magical device for anytime and anywhere communication. The last decade has seen a flourish in the number of mobile based agro-advisory service initiatives in the developing countries and more are added regularly in some part of the world. Services that started with farmers help-lines accessed through landlines and messages (SMS) have evolved slowly to multimodal and multimedia based delivery of advisory and to m-agriculture applications for smartphones. In this rapidly changing m-Agriculture scenario, this book is an attempt to document the evolution of mobile phone based agro-advisory services around the world. The content of the book comprises of country s on mobile phone applications for agricultural extension from Asia, Africa, Latin America and Europe along with s on global review on m-agriculture initiatives, content generation process and socio-economic impact of mobile phone based agro-advisory services. This book delves into the development of mobile phone based agro-advisory and their content, delivery mode, business model and utility and provides an insight into the evolution of mobile phones as an extension tool in different countries across the globe. The book will provide valuable insights on m-agriculture initiatives for agricultural extension around the world to agricultural students, extension professionals, researchers and policy makers across the globe both for understanding them and working on them. The lessons from the m-agriculture initiatives can guide the mode of implementation and evolution of mobile based advisory services in agriculture.

This book comprises 41 s dealing various issues, prospects and importance of conservation agriculture practices followed across different regions with special emphasis on rainfed regions. We hope this book on conservation agriculture will be highly useful to researchers, scientists, students, farmers and land managers for efficient and sustainable management of natural resources.

Floriculture is one of the fastest-growing sectors of commercial agriculture world-wide with many highly profitable crops. Cultivation of flowers more pragmatic endeavor than other crops. Every day novel variety, new colour in any ornamental flower crop not only fascinates us but also gives a thrust to know more about their breeding technologies. Creation of diversity of new and domesticated flower crops by public and private sector flower breeders brings a fascination towards its breeding technology. The students while dealing with the breeding and biotechnology of flowers then they must required a base knowledge. Therefore emphasis has been given to present the book in its easiest form so that anyone can understand it without losing interest from it. It has been designed to cover all the aspects of breeding, the basic objectives, different breeding methods, methodology for improvement of specific crops, stress resistance, quality improvement, mutagenesis, genetic engineering and biotechnology.

Flowers are the precious gift which beautify the nature through its different colours and enhance human health. Ornamental plants provide environmental security for immediate living surroundings, thus intensive research in floriculture particularly on the crops were initiated earlier. This book will vividly highlights genetical and breeding application in flower crops covering wide range of aspects. Breeding techniques are largely focused around expediting the production of superior and stable lines in the case of self pollinating crops. Wide hybridization, tissue culture and mutagenesis are employed by breeders to generate new alleles. Broaden available genetic resources; molecular markers are used to assist breeders through marker assisted selection and to identify quantitative trait loci for traits of interest. The book makes the knowhow of breeding in its easiest way to the readers. It has been designed to cover all the aspects of breeding, the basic objectives, different breeding methods, methodology for improvement of specific crops, stress resistance, quality improvement, mutagenesis, molecular breeding and genetic engineering.

The collection contains materials of archival documents and memoirs concerning the famine of 1931-1933 in Central Kazakhstan. Various documents from the archives reveal to the reader the most difficult period of the Soviet history of Kazakhstan, associated with the dispossession of the kulaks and debaiization of the Kazakh village and aul, Stalinist forced collectivization, forced sedentarization of nomadic Kazakh farms, large-scale cattle, meat and grain procurements, famine and epidemics in the republic. The publication introduces previously unpublished archival materials from the Central and regional archives of Kazakhstan into scientific circulation. In addition, the collection includes the memories of famine witnesses preserved by their descendants. The collection is addressed to researchers, students, as well as a wide range of readers interested in the history of Kazakhstan.

Decision-making is a frequent problem in today's financial, business, and industrial world. Thus, fuzzy expert systems are increasingly being used to solve decision-making problems by attempting to solve a part or whole of a practical problem. These expert systems have proven that they can solve problems in various domains where human expertise is required, including the field of agriculture. Fuzzy Expert Systems and Applications in Agricultural Diagnosis is a crucial source that examines the use of fuzzy expert systems for prediction and problem solving in the agricultural industry. Featuring research on topics such as nutrition management, sustainable agriculture, and defuzzification, this book is ideally designed for farmers, researchers, scientists, academics, students, policymakers, and development practitioners seeking the latest research in technological tools that support crop disease diagnosis.