Leading Edge Techniques in Forensic Trace Evidence Analysis In-depth exploration of the latest methodologies, tools, and techniques for analyzing trace evidence In Leading Edge Techniques in Forensic Trace Evidence Analysis, distinguished and highly qualified contributors cover the significant advances in methodology and instruments that are now being used to analyze trace evidence in forensic laboratories, including new techniques used to determine authenticity of objects and artifacts (such as Combined Raman/LIBS Microscopy) and those used to analyze surface treatments (such as py-GC-PARCI-MS). The work also covers new evidence types, such as surface-modified fibers, microscopic particles, and shimmer, and provides detailed explanations and practical examples of all of the aforementioned topics. Among the topics covered are: Forensic analysis of shimmer particles in cosmetics samples, glitter and other flake pigments, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Surface acoustic wave nebulization mass spectrometry, forensic applications of gas chromatography vacuum ultraviolet, and spectroscopy paired with mass spectrometry Density determination and separation via magneto-Archimedes levitation and elemental imaging of forensic traces with macro and micro XRF Characterization of human head hairs via proteomics and Raman and surface-enriched Raman scattering (SERS) for trace analysis With detailed explanations of modern methodologies, tools, techniques, and evidence types in trace evidence forensics, along with helpful guidance to put covered concepts into practice, Leading Edge Techniques in Forensic Trace Evidence Analysis serves as an invaluable hands-on reference for scientists in forensic laboratories worldwide.

In the literature of continuous flow analysis, there are hundreds of descriptions of problems encountered with the various AutoAnalyzer modules. This volume presents the way these have been used in conjunction with chromatographic separations and manufacturing plant process monitoring systems.

Combines clear and concise discussions of key NMR concepts with succinct and illustrative examples Designed to cover a full course in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy, this text offers complete coverage of classic (one-dimensional) NMR as well as up-to-date coverage of two-dimensional NMR and other modern methods. It contains practical advice, theory, illustrated applications, and classroom-tested problems; looks at such important ideas as relaxation, NOEs, phase cycling, and processing parameters; and provides brief, yet fully comprehensible, examples. It also uniquely lists all of the general parameters for many experiments including mixing times, number of scans, relaxation times, and more. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: An Introduction to Principles, Applications, and Experimental Methods, 2nd Edition begins by introducing readers to NMR spectroscopy - an analytical technique used in modern chemistry, biochemistry, and biology that allows identification and characterization of organic, and some inorganic, compounds. It offers chapters covering: Experimental Methods; The Chemical Shift; The Coupling Constant; Further Topics in One-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy; Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy; Advanced Experimental Methods; and Structural Elucidation. Features classical analysis of chemical shifts and coupling constants for both protons and other nuclei, as well as modern multi-pulse and multi-dimensional methods Contains experimental procedures and practical advice relative to the execution of NMR experiments Includes a chapter-long, worked-out problem that illustrates the application of nearly all current methods Offers appendices containing the theoretical basis of NMR, including the most modern approach that uses product operators and coherence-level diagrams By offering a balance between volumes aimed at NMR specialists and the structure-determination-only books that focus on synthetic organic chemists, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: An Introduction to Principles, Applications, and Experimental Methods, 2nd Edition is an excellent text for students and post-graduate students working in analytical and bio-sciences, as well as scientists who use NMR spectroscopy as a primary tool in their work.

Natural organic matter (NOM) generally significantly influences water treatment processes such as coagulation, oxidation, adsorption, and membrane filtration. In addition to aesthetic problems such as colour, taste and odour, NOM also contributes to the fouling of filtration membranes, serves as a precursor for disinfection by-products (DBPs) of health concern during disinfection/oxidation processes, increases the exhaustion and usage rate of activated carbon and may promote microbial growth in water distribution networks. The efficiency of drinking water treatment is affected by both the amount and composition of NOM. Proper NOM characterization enables the targeting of the problematic NOM fractions for removal and transformation. However, the characterization methods used are often laborious, time consuming and may involve extensive sample pre-treatment. High performance size exclusion chromatography and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices were used to characterize NOM relatively quickly and with minimal sample preparation. These and other tools were used to improve our understanding of NOM character and behaviour during drinking water treatment. The study demonstrates the potential of multiple NOM characterization tools for the selection, operation and monitoring of water treatment processes.

This volume provides up-to-date information on the developments in chromatographic methods and applications to provide readers with stimulating, critical, readable, and relevant reviews of this subject. It includes information on high-pressure liquid chromatography in pharmacology and toxicology.

This volume provides up-to-date information on a wide range of developments in chromatographic methods and applications. It includes information on detection, relations between peak area and the component in the chromatographic band, prediction of the relative molar response and working techniques.

Provides students and practitioners with a solid grounding in the theory of chromatography, important considerations in its application, and modern instrumentation. * Highlights the primary variables that practitioners can manipulate, and how those variables influence chromatographic separations * Includes multiple figures that illustrate the application of these methods to actual, complex chemical samples * Problems are embedded throughout the chapters as well as at the end of each chapter so that students can check their understanding before continuing on to new sections * Each section includes numerous headings and subheadings, making it easy for faculty and students to refer to and use the information within each chapter selectively * The focused, concise nature makes it useful for a modular approach to analytical chemistry courses

The First Book on CRS Microscopy

Compared to conventional Raman microscopy, coherent Raman scattering (CRS) allows label-free imaging of living cells and tissues at video rate by enhancing the weak Raman signal through nonlinear excitation. Edited by pioneers in the field and with contributions from a distinguished team of experts, Coherent Raman Scattering Microscopy explains how CRS can be used to obtain a point-by-point chemical map of live cells and tissues.

In color throughout, the book starts by establishing the foundation of CRS microscopy. It discusses the principles of nonlinear optical spectroscopy, particularly coherent Raman spectroscopy, and presents the theories of contrast mechanisms pertinent to CRS microscopy. The text then provides important technical aspects of CRS microscopy, including microscope construction, detection schemes, and data analyses. It concludes with a survey of applications that demonstrate how CRS microscopy has become a valuable tool in biomedicine.

Due to its label-free, noninvasive examinations of living cells and organisms, CRS microscopy has opened up exciting prospects in biology and medicine from the mapping of 3D distributions of small drug molecules to identifying tumors in tissues. An in-depth exploration of the theories, technology, and applications, this book shows how CRS microscopy has impacted human health and will deepen our understanding of life processes in the future."

A rapidly growing field, vibrational spectroscopy has found applications in industries including pharmaceutical manufacture, food and drug safety, and process monitoring on production lines. In particular, interest in clinical spectroscopy is rising rapidly as researchers recognize the potential of the vibrational spectroscopic techniques-Infrared (IR) and Raman Spectroscopy-as noninvasive tissue diagnosis tools. However, the details of the characteristic peak frequencies and their relationship to specific functional groups present in the biological tissues have not been fully understood. Vibrational Spectroscopy for Tissue Analysis introduces IR and Raman Spectroscopy to those scientists who are either using these spectroscopic techniques to address clinical problems or planning to use spectroscopy to analyze clinical tissues and understand their chemical composition. By compiling the interpretations and understandings of the spectral peaks of the biological molecules in one place, this book aids in the understanding of IR and Raman Spectroscopy, and what these techniques can offer both in early diagnosis of the disease and monitoring of the progression of the disease. Despite the tremendous advances in the field of spectroscopy, where new applications are emerging at the pace of development, there are still areas of research that are crying for further exploration. This book bridges the gap between the spectroscopic research and medical applications.

This book provides up-to-date information on a wide range of developments in the general and gas chromatographic methods and applications. It presents timely, cutting-edge reviews in the fields of bio-, analytical, organic, polymer, and pharmaceutical chemistry.

Impedance Spectroscopy is a powerful measurement method used in many application fields such as electrochemistry, material science, biology and medicine, semiconductor industry and sensors. The International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy is an international workshop addressing fundamentals and applications of impedance spectroscopy. This book is the first in the series Lecture Notes on Impedance Spectroscopy (LNIS). The series covers new advances in the field of impedance spectroscopy including fundamentals, methods and applications. It releases scientific contributions as extended chapters including detailed information about recent scientific research results.

Particle Separation Techniques: Fundamentals, Instrumentation, and Selected Applications presents the latest research in the field of particle separation methods. This edited book authored by subject specialists is logically organized in sections, grouping the separation techniques according to their preparative or analytical purposes and the particle type. Along with the traditional and classical separation methods suitable for micronic particles, an update survey of techniques appropriate for nanoparticle characterization is presented. This book fills the gap in the literature of particle suspension analysis of a synthetic but comprehensive manual, helping the reader to identify and apply selected techniques. It provides an overview of the techniques available to a reader who is not an expert on particle separation yet about to enter the field, design an experiment, or buy an instrument for his/her new lab.

Spectroscopy is a powerful technique that utilizes the interaction of light with matter. It utilizes the absorption, emission, and scattering of light as it interacts with matter creating a large variety of spectra. Analysis of various spectra can yield important physical characteristics of matter, including chemical composition, temperature, luminosity, mass, and more. The uses and implications of spectroscopy are very broad, with practical uses in many fields of science, including astronomy, medicine, analytic chemistry, material science, geology, and more. Researchers are constantly discovering new and clever applications of spectroscopy, and it is expected to play an ever-increasing role in nanotechnology and superconductivity. This new book brings together a diverse collection of new studies in spectroscopy, research advances in spectroscopy, and new uses in spectroscopy.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. This collection presents a broad selection of recent research on analytical chemistry, including methods of determination and analysis as applied to plants, pharmaceuticals, foods, proteins, and more. Analytical chemistry is the study of what chemicals are present and in what amount in natural and artificial materials. Because these understandings are fundamental in just about every chemical inquiry, analytical chemistry is used to obtain information, ensure safety, and solve problems in many different chemical areas, and is essential in both theoretical and applied chemistry. Analytical chemistry is driven by new and improved instrumentation.

Fiber sensing technologies have enabled both fundamental studies and a wide spectrum of applications in every aspect of life. This book highlights the recent advancement in fiber sensing technologies based on newly developed sensing mechanisms, advanced fiber structures, and functional materials. In particular, the integration of functional materials with different electrical, optical, thermal, or mechanical properties into a single fiber offers a wealth of new opportunities in sensing. The book covers the major developments in novel fiber materials, such as semiconductors, metals, polymers, soft glasses, and carbon materials, as well as the sensing applications based on both single fiber and multi-dimensional fiber arrays for temperature, light, strain, vibration, electric and magnetic fields, hazardous chemicals, gases, and physiological signals.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the most important tools in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research. The number of MRI scanners operating around the world is estimated to be approximately 20,000, and the development of contrast agents, currently used in about a third of the 50 million clinical MRI examinations performed every year, has largely contributed to this significant achievement.

This completely revised and extended second edition: " "Includes new chapters on targeted, responsive, PARACEST and nanoparticle MRI contrast agents.Covers the basic chemistries, MR physics and the most important techniques used by chemists in the characterization of MRI agents from every angle from synthesis to safety considerations.Is written for all of those involved in the development and application of contrast agents in MRI.Presented in colour, it provides readers with true representation and easy interpretation of the images.

A word from the Authors:

"Twelve years after the first edition published, we are convinced that the chemistry of MRI agents has a bright future. By assembling all important information on the design principles and functioning of magnetic resonance imaging probes, this book intends to be a useful tool for both experts and newcomers in the field. We hope that it helps inspire further work in order to create more efficient and specific imaging probes that will allow materializing the dream of seeing even deeper and better inside the living organisms."

"Reviews of the First Edition: "

..".attempts, for the first time, to review the whole spectrum of involved chemical disciplines in this technique..."--Journal of the American Chemical Society..".well balanced in its scope and attention to detail...a valuable addition to the library of MR scientists..."--NMR in Biomedicine

Unlike traditional NMR textbooks for chemists, this fresh look at the topic combines theory, technology and application in a wide range of fields, targeting biochemists, medicinal chemists, and structural biologists, as well as organic chemists. The text has been developed from a one-semester graduate-level course taught by the authors at the University of Zurich, and offers numerous intuitive illustrations, training exercises and plain-language explanations of complex theory. Divided into four major parts, the first introduces the theory, providing a profound understanding of why experiments work, without a rigorous mathematical treatment of all the physico-chemical computations and deliberately shorter than in most other NMR textbooks. Part two discusses current instrumentation and practical aspects, including sample preparation, processing of raw data and the use of databases, while the third part focuses on the main application of NMR, with examples and training spectra taken from a wide range of synthetic and natural compounds. Part four introduces a selection of modern NMR applications in chemistry, biochemistry, medicinal chemistry and molecular biology, explaining the protocols used and how to interpret the results. With its focus on practical aspects and applications, this text will prove useful long after leaving college, by helping users to select experimental methods and in setting up and running their own NMR experiments.

Advances in Chromatography is a venerable series that has reported on the latest state-of-the-art developments in the field for the past four decades. The newest installment, Volume 49, continues the tradition of compiling the work of expert contributors who present timely and cutting edge reviews of current and emerging methods and applications in this dynamic field.

Highlights in this edition include:

• The hyphenation of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry in order to determine oligonucleotide adducts as markers for cancer
• Glycoproteomics and the glycosylation of proteins, addressing biomarkers in different types of diseases
• Chiral separation, an important area particularly in the pharmaceutical industry, where the technique has been applied with varying results
• Ion-pairing chromatography and analyte retention

Conveying the most recent significant scientific developments in separation science, the book and its series are known for the authors? clear presentation of topics and vivid illustrations. Accessible and engaging, this volume forms a solid foundation for the work of biochemists and analytical, organic, polymer, and pharmaceutical chemists at all levels of technical skill. Meticulously referenced, it will help fuel further research across a range of fields.

Oligonucleotides represent one of the most significant pharmaceutical breakthroughs in recent years, showing great promise as diagnostic and therapeutic agents for malignant tumors, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, viral infections, and many other degenerative disorders. The Handbook of Analysis of Oligonucleotides and Related Products is an essential reference manual on the practical application of modern and emerging analytical techniques for the analysis of this unique class of compounds. A strong collaboration among thirty leading analytical scientists from around the world, the book provides readers with a comprehensive overview of the most commonly used analytical techniques and their advantages and limitations in assuring the identity, purity, quality, and strength of an oligonucleotide intended for therapeutic use. Topics discussed include: Strategies for enzymatic or chemical degradation of chemically modified oligonucleotides toward mass spectrometric sequencing Purity analysis by chromatographic or electrophoretic methods, including RP-HPLC, AX-HPLC, HILIC, SEC, and CGE Characterization of sequence-related impurities in oligonucleotides by mass spectrometry and chromatography Structure elucidation by spectroscopic methods (IR, NMR, MS) as well as base composition and thermal melt analysis (Tm) Approaches for the accurate determination of molar extinction coefficient of oligonucleotides Accurate determination of assay values Assessment of the overall quality of oligonucleotides, including microbial analysis and determination of residual solvents and heavy metals Strategies for determining the chemical stability of oligonucleotides The use of hybridization techniques for supporting pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism studies in preclinical and clinical development Guidance for the presentation of relevant analytical information towards meeting current regulatory expectations for oligonucleotide therapeutics This resource provides a practical guide for applying state-of-the-art analytical techniques in research, development, and manufacturing settings.

The analytical power of ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) instruments is poised to advance this technology from research to analytical laboratories. Exploring these developments at this critical juncture, Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry: Theory and Applications covers the tools, techniques, and applications involved when molecular size and shape information is combined with the well-known analytical advantages of high-performance mass spectrometry. One of the Most Exciting Developments in Contemporary Mass Spectrometry After presenting an overview chapter and the fundamentals, the book focuses on instrumentation and ionization sources. It describes an ion-mobility-capable quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer, the differential mobility analyzer, a cryogenic-temperature ion mobility mass spectrometer, the atmospheric solids analysis probe method, and laserspray ionization. In the final applications-oriented chapters, the contributors explore how homebuilt and commercial instruments using electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) methods are employed to solve biological and synthetic issues. Harness the Power of IMS-MS for Analyzing Complex Substances This work helps readers unfamiliar with IMS-MS to understand its fundamental theory and practical applications. It also encourages them to investigate the potential analytical uses of IMS-MS and further explore the power of this method. Numerous color figures are included on downloadable resources.

The text Organic Structures from 2D NMR Spectra contains a graded set of structural problems employing 2D-NMR spectroscopy. The Instructors Guide and Solutions Manual to Organic Structures from 2D NMR Spectra is a set of step-by-step worked solutions to every problem in Organic Structures from 2D NMR Spectra. While it is absolutely clear that there are many ways to get to the correct solution of any of the problems, the instructors guide contains at least one complete pathway to every one of the questions. In addition, the instructors guide carefully rationalises every peak in every spectrum in relation to the correct structure. The Instructors Guide and Solutions Manual to Organic Structures from 2D NMR Spectra: Is a complete set of worked solutions to the problems contained in Organic Structures from 2D NMR Spectra. Provides a step-by-step description of the process to derive structures from spectra as well as annotated 2D spectra indicating the origin of every cross peak. Highlights common artefacts and re-enforces the important characteristics of the most common techniques 2D NMR techniques including COSY, NOESY, HMBC, TOCSY, CH-Correlation and multiplicity-edited C-H Correlation. This guide is an essential aid to those teachers, lecturers and instructors who use Organic Structures from 2D NMR as a text to teach students of Chemistry, Pharmacy, Biochemistry and those taking courses in Organic Chemistry.

This book provides a serious introduction to the subject of mass spectrometry, providing the reader with the tools and information to be well prepared to perform such demanding work in a real-life laboratory. This essential tool bridges several subjects and many disciplines including pharmaceutical, environmental and biomedical analysis that are utilizing mass spectrometry:

Covers all aspects of the use of mass spectrometry for quantitation purposesWritten in textbook style to facilitate understanding of this topicPresents fundamentals and real-world examples in a 'learning-though-doing' style

Essentials in Modern HPLC Separations, Second Edition discusses the role of separation in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This new and updated edition systematically presents basic concepts as well as new developments in HPLC. Starting with a description of basic concepts, it provides important guidance for the practical utilization of various HPLC procedures, such as the selection of the HPLC type, proper choice of the chromatographic column, selection of mobile phase and selection of the method of detection, all of which are in correlation with the physico-chemical characteristics of the compounds separated. Every chapter has been carefully reviewed, with several new sections added to bring the book completely up-to-date. Hence, it is a valuable reference for students and professors in chemistry.

Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy, Volume 106 highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors.

Rare Earth Metal-Organic Framework Hybrid Materials for Luminescence Responsive Chemical Sensors primarily focuses on rare earth functionalized metal-organic framework (MOF) hybrid materials for sensing applications. Sections cover an introduction to the field and key concepts like luminescence, rare earth ion luminescence and luminescence response for chemical sensing. Other section emphasize the luminescence response mode and sensing mechanisms of these important materials, including single mode and dual mode sensing, as well as chemical sensing mechanisms. Final sections outline different kinds of sensing analytes by rare earth functionalized MOFs hybrids and delve into emerging application. This book is suitable for materials scientists and engineers, materials chemists, chemists and chemical engineers. In addition, the material is appropriate for those working in academia and R&D in industry.