This chart illustrates spinal nerves and cranial nerves and diagrams the portion of the thoracic spinal cord with spinal nerves. It also shows spinal cord segments, cutaneous distribution of spinal nerves, and dermal segmentation.

Mechanisms of Taste Transduction introduces a number of topics essential to a complete understanding of taste. These topics range from the control of food intake to the biophysical mechanisms of transduction and the design of food flavors in the food industry. The responses and organization of special sensory pathways are described in regard to their development, morphology, composition, electrophysiological and biochemical responses. Details are presented at several levels to appeal to researchers in molecular biology, membrane biophysics, human psychophysics, neuroanatomy, and chemistry. Current research is described in the context of what preceding studies have revealed, and the chapter authors are among today's most active and highly respected researchers in the field of chemical senses.

Master Medicine: Clinical Anatomy is brief and accessible, approached from the point of view of what you will need to know in order to understand the clinical work you will eventually be doing. It includes a wide range of self-assessment material, ideal for testing your understanding, and helping you to prepare for your exams. Concise synoptic (not telegraphic text). Appropriate self-assessment material. Only covers core, so student knows the whole book is essential. Includes key objectives. Contains simple and memorable diagrams for reproduction in exams. Ideal for learning as well as examination review, specifically trying to stimulate the student into assessing his/her own knowledge. The books in the series both complement other available major texts, but also contain enough material to stand in the own right. Provides examination practice. Part of co-ordinated series. Contents refined to reflect 'core knowledge' Major revision of self-assessment material to match change in exam styles (more Extended Matching Questions and OSC-style questions)

Lysosomes are key subcellular organelles that regulate the cell function. Many of the essential activities of the cell are dependent on lysosomes. Dysfunction is linked to multiple diseases - storage disorders, neurodegeneration, immunological diseases and cancer. This book discusses concepts and methods used to study lysosome ion and small molecule transport. The contents will not only attract accomplished investigators in need of a broad review and synthesis of this important subject but will also appeal to young investigators and trainees needing to acquire comprehensive knowledge and technical skills working with lysosomal ion channels and small molecule transporters. Key selling features: Summarizes the endocellular role that lysosomes play with respect to cellular waste disposal Reviews essential cellular functions of lysosomes Explores how lysosome dysfunction is the cause of many metabolic disorders Examines how lysomes are involved in storage diseases Describes various technologies and methods used in lysosome research

This updated book includes meiosis methods ranging from classical genetic approaches with budding yeast to high resolution microscopy and computational methods for the analysis of recombination and modeling gene expression networks. Cutting-edge procedures for the analysis of double strand breaks at single nucleotide resolution, analysis of translation by ribosome profiling, the use of fluorescent markers to analyze recombination, and strategies for the use of conditional expression to study chromatin protein dynamics are detailed. Advanced cytology methods for live and fixed cell microscopy and image analysis for yeast, drosophila, and mouse are also included. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Detailed and practical, Meiosis, Second Edition will prove to be invaluable to biologists, geneticists, biochemists, and anyone investigating meiosis, recombination, and cellular differentiation.

Based on a detailed study of rich archival sources, Model experts explores practices of model production and display, and reveals the often invisible labours of the co-operating artisans, anatomists, and administrators. The book, now available in paperback, shows that the models were central to a remarkable political experiment: 'La Specola' opened in 1775 as the Royal Museum of Physics and Natural History, one of the first public science museums in Europe. As a venue for public enlightenment, the museum displayed model anatomies to create the model citizen. The study also moves beyond the borders of Tuscany, following a set of Florentine waxes to Vienna to explore the diverse reactions of medical professionals and general audiences as the models travelled in enlightened Europe. -- .

This volume provides an updated collection of protocols for manipulating and studying VEGF signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo and aims to present a range of both firmly established and newly emerging technologies. Covering multiple model species, from mouse to zebrafish to human, the book explores the role of VEGF and VEGFR isoforms in exosomes, cultured cells, or in tissues, as well as robust cell assays for the investigation of basic angiogenic mechanisms and VEGF signaling in more complex cellular systems, amongst other subjects. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, VEGF Signaling: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition provides a useful tool for researchers in the vascular biology community and beyond in understanding the basic biology of VEGF signaling and in translating this research into the clinic.

Histological techniques form the basis of many areas of research, yet they can often be poorly understood. Aimed at postgraduate students and those at an early stage of their career, this title provides a detailed and comprehensive introduction to histological techniques. With detailed images and slides, this book provides a unique overview of the area while providing the reader with a guide to how to use and incorporate histological techniques within their own research. Written by experts working within the field, this book is an essential handbook for anyone wanting to learn more about histological methods and how to apply them successfully.

This book uniquely presents conceptual understanding as well as advancements in the field of endocrinology. It emphasizes the harmonization between the function and the structure of different endocrine glands in the body. The book's initial chapters introduce hormones' biological synthesis, structure, function, and signaling pathways. The subsequent chapters examine the functional relationship between hypothalamus and pituitary gland and its leading and regulating roles on other endocrine and non- endocrine organs. A separate chapter discusses the synergistic functions of adrenal glands and pineal gland in the circadian rhythm and analyze the role of corticoids in carbohydrate and mineral metabolism. Furthermore, the book addresses the role of growth hormones, prolactin, gonads regulating hormones, adrenocorticotropin, thyroid hormones, parathormone, gluco- and mineral corticoids, insulin and glucagon, Physiology of bone remodeling is presented with the role of parathyroid glands, C cells and vitamin D explaining the bone as an endocrine organ. The regulation of male and female reproductive functions is represented well. Lastly, the book reviews the novel endocrine role and metabolic aspects of adipose tissue as an endocrine tissue and its relationship to inflammatory diseases, insulin resistance and many metabolic disorders. The book introduces key parts for endocrine's stem cell in each gland is discussed in term of its survival, proliferation, migration, homing, differentiation and its regeneration and remodeling roles.

This book focuses on human anatomy and medicine and specifically on both muscular and skeletal birth defects in humans with trisomy. Moreover, this book also deals with Down syndrome, which is one of the most studied human syndromes and, due to its high incidence and the fact that individuals with this syndrome often live until adulthood, is of special interest to the scientific and medical community. This new line of inquiry is addressed to a wide audience, including medical researchers, physicians, surgeons, medical and dental students, pathologists, and pediatricians, among others, while also being of interest to developmental and evolutionary biologists, anatomists, functional morphologists, and zoologists.

New biological techniques and a revival of interest in both acute and chronic wound healing have led to an enormously improved understanding of the cellular and chemical complexities of the healing process. Exciting developments in the evolution of epidermal biology are creating new opportunities for research and clinical applications in wound healing. Edited by an expert team of researchers and clinicians, The Epidermis in Wound Healing combines current information with the latest research results to provide a complete picture of the most recent advances in the field. The book focuses on biological advances that improve knowledge and stimulate development in wound therapy. The chapter authors address quantifying repair in the epidermis, biological and clinical elements of wound healing, state-of-the-art approaches to understanding and treating wounds, and gene therapy during wound repair. A discussion on the underlying chemistry of acute and chronic healing describes the special challenges presented by chronic wounds. Featuring the most up-to-date information available, the book chronicles the progress and practices in the field of wound therapy over the past 30 years. This reference will be an essential tool in the generation of innovations and applications in epidermal biology.

Learn about the human body from the inside out Some people think that knowing about what goes on inside the human body can sap life of its mystery which is too bad for them. Anybody who's ever taken a peak under the hood knows that the human body, and all its various structures and functions, is a realm of awe-inspiring complexity and countless wonders. The dizzying dance of molecule, cell, tissue, organ, muscle, sinew, and bone that we call life can be a thing of breathtaking beauty and humbling perfection. Anatomy & Physiology For Dummies combines anatomical terminology and function so you'll learn not only names and terms but also gain an understanding of how the human body works. Whether you're a student, an aspiring medical, healthcare or fitness professional, or just someone who's curious about the human body and how it works, this book offers you a fun, easy way to get a handle on the basics of anatomy and physiology. * Understand the meaning of terms in anatomy and physiology * Get to know the body's anatomical structures from head to toe * Explore the body's systems and how they interact to keep us alive * Gain insight into how the structures and systems function in sickness and health Written in plain English and packed with beautiful illustrations, Anatomy & Physiology For Dummies is your guide to a fantastic voyage of the human body.

Basic and clinical scientists with an interest in how cytokines regulate the production of antibody, and the selective expression of distinct antibody classes in response to microbial and other antigenic challenges, now have a single, comprehensive and timely volume covering this complex field. Cytokine Regulation of Humoral Immunity: Basic and Clinical Aspects uniquely focuses on the impact of the cytokine network on the humoral immune response, as well as its implications for the evolving field of cytokine-based medical therapeutics. With introductory chapters on basic B lymphocyte biology, a systematic and detailed review of the major B cell active cytokines, and discussions on cytokine regulation of normal and pathogenic humoral immune states, this highly referenced book will serve as a valuable source of information for both students and seasoned investigators active in multiple branches of basic and clinical immunology.

The importance of measurements for the proper assessment of human locomotion is increasingly being recognized. The fields of application encompass both healthy and pathological locomotion as encountered in rehabilitation medicine, orthopedics, kinesiology, sports medicine, and the like. Measurement of Human Locomotion provides an up-to-date description of the instrument systems used for measurement of: kinematics of human movement; kinetic quantities experienced by the human body in contact with the ground; and, myoelectric changes associated with locomotor activity. Physical principles behind the operation of various measurement systems are emphasized, as well as signal processing issues that must be addressed in order to obtain and use quantitative measurement variables in biomechanics. The book explains how measurement data are acquired, processed and presented to the user in the environment of a modern, computer-based laboratory. The ultimate aim is to contribute to the processes of the diagnosis and treatment of locomotion disorders. The purpose of Measurement of Human Locomotion is to provide a concise but comprehensive presentation of the systems used for the measurement of human locomotion, with a view to the assessment and diagnosis of the phenomenon.

Principles of Frontal Lobe Function provides a comprehensive review of historical and current research on the functions of the frontal lobes and frontal systems of the brain. The content covers frontal lobe functions from birth to old age, from biochemistry and anatomy to rehabilitation, from normal to disrupted function. Two introductory chapters guide, in different ways, reading of subsequent chapters. Following are a number of chapters dealing with basic science- neuroanatomy and neurochemistry. The various theoretical positions proposed reflect the diversity of approaches to the same fundamental question about the role of the frontal lobes. Some chapters deal with broad, salient issues such as functional heterogeneity versus homogeneity, while others narrow their focus on specific functions like motor control, language, memory and attention, executive functioning, and emotional and social behavior. The book concludes with chapters on applied clinical research such as frontal lobe pathology in neurological diseases and disorders, stroke, and traumatic brain injury, as well as strategies for neurorehabilitation. This book is intended to be a standard reference work on the frontal lobes for researchers, clinicians, and students in the fields of neurology, neuroscience, psychiatry, psychology, and health care.

A key goal in the treatment of cancer is to achieve selective and efficient killing of tumor cells. The aim of "Cell Death Signaling in Cancer Biology and Treatment" is to describe state-of-the-art approaches and future opportunities for achieving this goal by targeting mechanisms and pathways that regulate cancer cell death. In this book, molecular defects in cell death signaling that characterize cancer cells, including dysregulation of cell death due to overexpression/hyperactivation of oncoproteins, as well as the loss of tumor suppressor proteins will be described. The potential for targeting microRNAs will be discussed. Multiple chapters will describe preclinical and clinical approaches that are currently being used to target epigenetic modifications, DNA repair pathways, and protein chaperones, as a means of provoking tumor cell death. Finally, the development and application of novel agents and approaches for targeting specific components of cell death signaling pathways and machinery will be reviewed.

Proteins of Iron Metabolism presents a clear picture of the structure and function of the main proteins involved in iron metabolism. The book gives you a detailed description of the structure and function of each protein, and discusses the structure and regulation of the corresponding genes in parallel. It supplies an analysis of the differential expression and regulation of these proteins. Numerous figures offer an integrated view of iron metabolism at the level of various tissues. The book delineates the mechanisms controlling cellular iron metabolism and shows how these mechanisms adapt to the differential and peculiar iron need of different cell types. Each chapter contains extensive bibliographical information providing a wide reference to the literature. The comprehensive coverage of the advances in understanding the mechanisms controlling cellular iron metabolism, especially at the molecular level, found in this book will give you insight into the regulation of iron metabolism. Proteins of Iron Metabolism fills the need for a clearly written, comprehensive review of the latest research, putting every thing you need in one easy-to-use resource.

The Human Body: Linking Structure and Function provides knowledge on the human body's unique structure and how it works. Each chapter is designed to be easily understood, making the reading interesting and approachable. Organized by organ system, this succinct publication presents the functional relevance of developmental studies and integrates anatomical function with structure.

For students and clinical professionals who are learning anatomy, participating in a dissection lab, sharing anatomy knowledge with patients, or refreshing their anatomy knowledge, the Netter Atlas of Human Anatomy illustrates the body, region by region, in clear, brilliant detail from a clinician's perspective. Unique among anatomy atlases, it contains illustrations that emphasize anatomic relationships that are most important to the clinician in training and practice. Illustrated by clinicians, for clinicians, it contains more than 550 exquisite plates plus dozens of carefully selected radiologic images for common views. Presents world-renowned, superbly clear views of the human body from a clinical perspective, with paintings by Dr. Frank Netter as well as Dr. Carlos A. G. Machado, one of today's foremost medical illustrators. Content guided by expert anatomists and educators: R. Shane Tubbs, Paul E. Neumann, Jennifer K. Brueckner-Collins, Martha Johnson Gdowski, Virginia T. Lyons, Peter J. Ward, Todd M. Hoagland, Brion Benninger, and an international Advisory Board. Offers region-by-region coverage, including muscle table appendices at the end of each section and quick reference notes on structures with high clinical significance in common clinical scenarios. Contains new illustrations by Dr. Machado including clinically important areas such as the pelvic cavity, temporal and infratemporal fossae, nasal turbinates, and more. Features new nerve tables devoted to the cranial nerves and the nerves of the cervical, brachial, and lumbosacral plexuses. Uses updated terminology based on the second edition of the international anatomic standard, Terminologia Anatomica, and includes common clinically used eponyms. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices. Provides access to extensive digital content: every plate in the Atlas?and over 100 bonus plates including illustrations from previous editions?is enhanced with an interactive label quiz option and supplemented with "Plate Pearls" that provide quick key points of the major themes of each plate. Digital content also includes over 300 multiple choice questions and other learning tools. Also available, alternative versions of the 8th Edition: . Netter Atlas of Human Anatomy: A Systems Approach-Same content as the classic regional approach, but organized by organ systems. . Netter Atlas of Human Anatomy: Classic Regional Approach-hardback Professional Edition with downloadable image bank for personal use. . Netter Atlas of Human Anatomy: Classic Regional Approach with Latin terminology

Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function tells a story comprised of many layers, including core science, clinical applications, the history of medicine, and evolution of the human body. Saladin combines this humanistic perspective on anatomy and physiology with vibrant photos and art to convey the beauty and excitement of the subject. To help students manage the tremendous amount of information in this introductory course, the narrative is broken into short segments, each framed by expected learning outcomes and self-testing review questions.

Practice your way to a high score in your anatomy & physiology class The human body has 11 major anatomical systems, 206 bones, and dozens of organs, tissues, and fluids--that's a lot to learn if you want to ace your anatomy & physiology class! Luckily, you can master them all with this hands-on book + online experience. Memorization is the key to succeeding in A&P, and Anatomy & Physiology Workbook For Dummies gives you all the practice you need to score high. Inside and online, you'll find exactly what you need to help you understand, memorize, and retain every bit of the human body. Jam packed with memorization tricks, test-prep tips, and hundreds of practice exercises, it's the ideal resource to help you make anatomy and physiology your minion! Take an online review quiz for every chapter Use the workbook as a supplement to classroom learning Be prepared for whatever comes your way on test day Gain confidence with practical study tips If you're gearing up for a career in the medical field and need to take this often-tough class to fulfill your academic requirements as a high school or college student, this workbook gives you the edge you need to pass with flying colors.

Think you know your cranium from your clavicle? Tibia from your trachea? Think again... Test your brain, solve riddles and learn about how the body works with this unique puzzle book using illustrations from Gray's Anatomy. Divided into different sections of the body, the Gray's Anatomy Puzzle Book takes the medical reference classic as its starting point for puzzles, riddles and general knowledge questions that will test your wits and challenge your brain. Learn more about the body in an easy and fun way with questions that vary in difficulty, from easy to fiendish, and are suitable for those with little knowledge of the human body, or those in the know who are interested in testing themselves with a new challenge. Puzzle types include: Sudoku Anagrams Crosswords Encoded pairs Missing letters Secret codes Lettermorphosis Follow visual clues and apply logic to reveal fascinating facts from medical history and learn about how our amazing bodies function.

Management of High Altitude Pathophysiology presents a comprehensive overview on the various therapeutic practices and ongoing research relating to the development of more potent and novel formulations for managing high altitude pathophysiology. It provides a detailed application of both herbal and non-herbal therapeutic agents, including their nanoformulations. This important reference provides benefits to the medical and herbal scientific communities, doctors treating patients with high altitude complications, individuals travelling to high altitudes for recreation or work, and scientists working on future drug development.

This carefully-designed textbook offers a brand-new approach to learning neuroanatomy for medical students and newly-qualified doctors, particularly those considering a career in neurology and neurosurgery. Promoting active learning and taking inspiration from other popular case-based formats, readers are encouraged to overcome their inherent 'neurophobia'. The accessible text and practical examples, unencumbered by esoteric minutiae, support students and trainees in developing the necessary skills that will be essential in later clinical practice. Developed specifically in response to student feedback, the authors have succeeded in creating a novel, brief, and high-yield primer that offers a unique approach to mastering this challenging discipline. Case Closed! Neuroanatomy not only teaches students how to localize, but also guides them to solve successfully the problems that will reappear in their exams and in the clinic.

This volume presents techniques and recent developments in biochemical approaches to study glutamatergic neurotransmission. This book contains detailed discussions on tracing neuronal pathways, functional or spectroscopic imaging, optogenetic or pharmacological tools, and extracellular neurochemistry in experimental clinical models. The chapters cover topics such as: identification of glutamatergic neurons in a discrete brain area, tools to study dynamics of single ionotropic receptors, in vivo extracellular glutamate monitoring in preclinical research using biosensors, capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography, and potential brain glutamatergic clinical biomarkers in biofluids and tissues. In Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and authoritative, Biochemical Approaches for Glutamatergic Neurotransmission is a valuable resource for researchers studying glutamate neurochemistry.