PCR Quantification and Technical Aspects: Multiple Competitors for Single-Tube Quantification of HIV1 DNA; T. Vener, et al. Quantitation of p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene Copy Number in Tumor DNA Samples by Competitive PCR in an ELISA-Format; M. Hahn, et al. Standardisation of Messenger RNA Quantification Using an RTPCR Method Involving Coamplification with a Multi-Specific Internal Control; D. Shire, et al. Quantitative Analysis of Human DNA Sequences by Solid-Phase Minisequencing; A.C. Syvanen. Bioimage Analysers: Application for Ribozyme Kinetics; C.S. Voertler, K. Birikh. First Approaches to Quantitate MDR1Messenger RNA by in cell PCR; D. Lassner, et al. Application of in situ-PCR for Detection of Intracellular mRNAs; V. Uhlmann, et al. Psoralen Biotin: A Novel Reagent for Non-Enzymatic and Specific Labeling of Nucleic Acid Probes and Oligonucleotides; R.L. Burghoff, et al. The Effect of Quantitative Ratio between Primer Pairs on PCR Products in Multi-Target Amplification; D. Bercovich, et al. PCR Quantification of Infectious Agents: Quantitation of Rubella Virus Genome by QPCR and Its Application to Resolution for Mechanism of Congenital Rubella Syndrome; S. Katow, S. Arai. Significance of the Detection of Rubella Virus RNA by Nested PCR in Prenatal Diagnostics of Viral Infections; B. Pustowoit. Quantitative Detection of Human Cytomegalovirus DNA in Cerebrospinal Fluid by Polymerase Chain Reaction; J.U. Vogel, B. Weber. Quality Control and External Quality Assessment Schemes for the Diagnostic Use of PCR in Microbiological Laboratories-European Trials on Hepatitis B Virus and Cytomegalovirus; J. Schirm. Suppliers of Specialist Items. Index.

"Autophagy in Health and Disease" offers an overview of the latest research in autophagy with a translational emphasis. This publication takes scientific research in autophagy a step further and offers integrated content with advancements in autophagy from cell biology and biochemical research to clinical treatments. A necessary reference for the bookshelf of medical and scientific researchers and students, "Autophagy in Health and Disease" presents high quality, reputable information on autophagy, allowing the reader quick access to the most applicable information.
Discusses current understanding of the roles of autophagy in health and diseaseCovers the background of autophagy, the development of tools and therapeutics to measure and modulate autophagy, and autophagy in tissues and disease processes Features an accompanying website with figures and tables

Biased Signaling in Physiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics is a unique and essential reference for the scientific community concerning how conformational-dependent activation is a common phenomenon across many classes of receptors or signaling molecules. It discusses the role of conformational dynamics in leading to signaling bias across different classes of receptors and signaling molecules. By providing a broader view of signaling bias, this resource helps to explain common mechanisms shared across receptor classes and how this can be utilized to elucidate their cellular activity and better understand their therapeutic potential. Written for both new and established scientists in pharmacology, cell biology, biochemistry, and signal transduction, as well as physicians, this book clearly illustrates how biased receptor signaling can be utilized to develop and understand complex pharmacology. Chapters are each focused on a specific class of receptor or other important topic and make use of real-world examples illustrating how the latest research in signal transduction has led to a better understanding of pharmacology and cell biology. This structure creates a basis for understanding that physiological signalling bias has been selected by nature in order to provide complex and tissue- specific biological responses in the face of limited receptors and signaling pathways. This book provides a framework to reveal that these physiological mechanisms are not restricted to one receptor type or family and thus presents receptor signaling from a newer, more global perspective.

Mitochondria have traditionally been associated with metabolic functions; however recent research has uncovered a central role for these organelles in cell signaling, cell survival, and cell death. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a factor in a myriad of pathophysiological conditions, including age-related neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Mitochondrial Signaling in Health and Disease examines themes essential for the maintenance of the mitochondrial redox (reduction-oxidation) energy axis.

With contributions from an impressive cadre of internationally recognized scientists, the book discusses coordinated mitochondrial functions that regulate cell function by discrete signaling pathways. Topics discussed include:

• Electron transport and energy production
• Mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics
• Mitochondrial signaling
• Apoptosis and autophagy
• Pharmacology signaling
• Epigenetic signaling: mitochondrial methylation and acetylation reactions

An essential resource for life and health scientists as well as pharmaceutical industry professionals, this volume highlights the importance of mitochondrial signaling and its role in establishing a harmonized communication between several cellular compartments. The information in this volume is critical to those developing mitochondrion-targeted therapies aimed at assuaging mitochondrial dysfunction or the specific factors contributing to its dysfunction.

The Patella provides a comprehensive, practical approach to the management of disorders of the patella and extensor mechanism of the knee. Discussions of the basic sciences, physical exam and imaging of the patellofemoral joint are followed by treatment options, including arthroscopy, osteotomy, surgical management of patellar malalignment, patellofemoral arthritis, conservative care, and complications of surgery. Additional chapters include problems in the young patient and rehabilitation. With over 300 illustrations, this book is a must for all orthopaedic surgeons and residents.

This volume provides a comprehensive and multidisciplinary overview of fibrocytes, written by the main researchers in the field. It is aimed at a broad audience of scientists and clinicians with an interest in the role of circulating fibrocytes in the etiopathogenesis of different fibrosing disorders, atherosclerosis, autoimmunity, and cancer.

Netter's Surgical Anatomy and Approaches, 2nd Edition, provides a clear overview of the exposures, incision sites, surgically relevant landmarks, structures, fascial planes, and common anatomical variants relevant to general surgical operative procedures. Whether used in class, in the lab while learning anatomy, or in the operating room as a trusted reference, this highly visual resource presents unmatched surgical anatomy illustrations by world-renowned surgeon-artist, Frank H. Netter, MD, and new illustrations created in the Netter tradition, as well as surgical exposures, intraoperative photographs, and radiologic imaging. Discusses procedures and anatomy from a surgeon's point of view. Features new content throughout, including more intraoperative imaging (both open and minimally invasive), more surgical views, and new coverage of POEM/POP/upper GI endoscopy and ERCP; esophagogastrectomy; laparoscopic Whipple; rectal prolapse; TEMS/TATME; sigmoid colectomy; oncoplastic mammoplasty; and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Presents uniquely detailed artwork of Dr. Netter, Dr. Carlos Machado, and other anatomy illustrators working in the Netter tradition combined with endoscopic, laparoscopic, and radiologic images-all integrated with expert descriptions of each operative procedure. Offers access to more than 30 videos that highlight anatomy relevant to the procedures. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

This invaluable book provides the first description of the diverse and fascinating functions of heme in life processes for a broad audience. It begins with an introduction to the intricate chemical properties of heme and the history of early observations of human diseases associated with heme. It then proceeds to describe the versatile roles of heme in controlling diverse molecular and cellular processes germane to human life and disease processes. Finally, an up-to-date review of human diseases associated with heme synthesis and application of heme synthesis in photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment is presented.Heme biology is unified and logical in presentation. It is well suited for students and professionals in life sciences who wish to comprehend the fascinating biology of heme and its usefulness in health and diseases. It may also be used as a reference book for advanced readers and researchers who are interested in heme biology. The explanations in the book are detailed enough to capture the interest of the curious reader, and complete enough to provide the necessary information for researchers to have an in-depth molecular understanding of heme biology and further their studies in this fascinating realm.

Thoroughly revised and updated to reflect key advances in behavioral neurology, "Neurobehavioral Anatomy, Third Edition" is a clinically based account of the neuroanatomy of human behavior centered on a consideration of behavioral dysfunction caused by disorders of the brain. A concise introduction to brain-behavior relationships that enhances patient care and assists medical students, the book also serves as a handy reference to researchers, neuroscientists, psychiatrists, and geriatricians.

The book outlines how cognitive and emotional functions are represented and organized in the brain to produce the behaviors regarded as uniquely human. It reviews the effects of focal and diffuse brain lesions, and from this analysis a conception of the normal operations of the healthy brain emerges. Christopher M. Filley integrates data and material from different disciplines to create a concise and accessible synthesis that informs the clinical understanding of brain-behavior relationships. Clinically practical and theoretically stimulating, the book is an invaluable resource for those involved in the clinical care and study of people with neurobehavioral disorders.

Including a useful glossary and extensive references guiding users to further research, the third edition will be of significance to medical students, residents, fellows, practicing physicians, and the general reader interested in neurology.

Essential Computational Modeling for the Human Body presents key contributions selected from the volume in the Handbook of Numerical Analysis: Computational Modeling for the Human Body Vol. 12 (2005).

Computational (Mathematical) Modeling is used by scientists and researchers with various applications in chemical, biological, behavioral, environmental sciences, etc. This guide presents essential research techniques for analysis and essential concrete examples of computational models, while supplying a wide range of commonly used methods and applications, followed by various numerical simulations.

Provides various viewpoints of methods and applications are available for researchers to chose and experiment with; Numerical analysis and open problems useful for experimentation; Computational Models useful for surgery simulations;

Emiliano Zapata Salazar (1879-1919). Mexico. Fue uno de los lideres principales de la Revolucion Mexicana. Nacio en San Miguel Anenecuilco, distrito de Ayala, en el estado de Morelos el 8 de agosto de 1879. En septiembre de 1909 fue electo presidente de la junta de defensa de las tierras de Anenecuilco. Y en mayo de 1910 recupero por la fuerza las tierras de Villa de Ayala, que eran protegidas por el el jefe de la policia y las entrego a los campesinos de la zona. Algunos meses despues participo en la reunion que se celebro alli para discutir el Plan de San Luis. A finales de 1910 un enviado suyo fue a Estados Unidos para entrevistarse con Francisco I. Madero. Tras este encuentro Zapata decidio tomar las armas el 10 de marzo de 1911, proclamando el Plan de San Luis. Por entonces combatio en Chinameca, Jojutla, Jonacatepec, Tlayecac y Tlaquiltenango. En 1911 Zapata se convirtio en el lider revolucionario del sur. Reivindicaba una reforma agraria radical. Con el asesinato de Francisco I. Madero y el ascenso en el poder de Victoriano Huerta, la lucha armada se recrudecio y Zapata introdujo importantes reformas en Morelos, que lo opusieron a Venustiano Carranza, el nuevo presidente. En 1914 la Convencion de Aguascalientes adopto el Plan de Ayala y eligio como presidente provisional a Eulalio Gutierrez. Los grupos dirigidos por Francisco Villa y Zapata aceptaron los resultados de la Convencion, no el encabezado por el general Carranza, lo que provoco la continuacion de la guerra civil. En 1919 Jesus Guajardo le hizo creer a Zapata que estaba descontento con Carranza y que estaria dispuesto a unirse a el. Zapata le pidio pruebas y Guajardo se las dio. Acordaron reunirse en la Hacienda de Chinameca, Morelos, el 10 de abril, Zapata fue asesinado en una encerrona.

Phosphoinositides play a major role in cellular signaling and membrane organization. During the last three decades we have learned that enzymes turning over phosphoinositides control vital physiological processes and are involved in the initiation and progression of cancer, inflammation, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic disease and more. In two volumes, this book elucidates the crucial mechanisms that control the dynamics of phosphoinositide conversion. Starting out from phosphatidylinositol, a chain of lipid kinases collaborates to generate the oncogenic lipid phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-trisphosphate. For every phosphate group added, there are specific lipid kinases - and phosphatases to remove it. Additionally, phospholipases can cleave off the inositol head group and generate poly-phosphoinositols, which act as soluble signals in the cytosol. Volume I untangles the web of these enzymes and their products, and relates them to function in health and disease. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases and 3-phosphatases have received a special focus in volume I, and recent therapeutic developments in human disease are presented along with a historical perspective illustrating the impressive progress in the field.

Written for the modern medical student and designed to accompany any current gross anatomy textbook, this brand-new pictorial handbook presented by Drs. Vilensky, Weber, Carmichael, and Sarosi lets you quickly identify pathologic correlates of gross anatomy. Abundant side-by-side high-quality radiography, MR, CT, and ultrasound images of normal and pathologic conditions help you quickly develop the skills you need to differentiate between what's normal and what's not. Discussions on the choice of imaging modality for various pathologies will help you select the right imaging procedure in many clinical situations, making this a handy resource in the clinical environment. But best of all, this visual approach to pathologic correlates will help you ace your courses, the USMLE and NBME final exams. . Features side-by-side radiography, MR, CT, and ultrasound images that illustrate normal and abnormal anatomy, helping you quickly identify conditions while improving your diagnostic skills. . Covers clinical conditions found in the main core of textbooks and radiologically depicts the clinical correlates that you're exposed to daily, making it the ideal companion resource for any medical gross anatomy course. . Uses concise, brief text that explains the condition, thus allowing the radiologic images to guide you to the differentiating factors. . Incorporates discussions of imaging modality choices for a range of pathologies to help you understand how to select imaging procedures for various clinical situations in the clinical environment. . Offers the visual guidance you need to study for and pass your exams.

Applied Anatomy for the FRCA covers the anatomical knowledge that trainee anaesthetists who are revising for the Primary and Final FRCA exams will need. The topics covered are derived from the FRCA curriculum and include the most up-to-date version of past exam questions, in order to ensure targeted and successful exam revision. The content, illustrations and overall layout of this book ensure that common gaps in anatomical knowledge encountered by FRCA trainees are included. This reference is divided into sections pertaining to anatomical regions: head and neck, thorax, abdomen, spine, and the upper and lower limbs. The topics of importance to anaesthetists are presented under 'structures', 'circulation' and 'nervous system' (with relevance to regional anaesthesia). Each topic is extensively researched and presented in a simple format for maximum retention. This book makes learning and remembering applied anatomy as straightforward as possible. Applied Anatomy for the FRCA supplements the knowledge required by trainee anaesthetists appearing for the FRCA exams. Clinical educators will also find it useful in teaching. It serves as a practical reference for anatomical knowledge at any point in an anaesthetist's career. About the Editors Dr Bobby Krishnachetty has been a Consultant Anaesthetist at Southend University Hospital since 2010 and a college tutor for six years. She completed her diploma in medical education and is the author of The Final FRCA Structured Oral Examination: A Complete Guide. She is also the organiser of the regional teaching for Core trainees in the East of England school of anaesthesia, as well as Founder of the 'Southend Viva Club' Primary and Final FRCA SOE revision courses for more than nine years, and Cofounder of MRCS OSCE webinars. Mr Abdul Syed has been a Consultant Surgeon at Southend University Hospital since 2015. He is Lead for postgraduate teaching of surgical trainees, Cofounder of MRCS OSCE webinars and conducts Core surgical trainee interview skills courses. Mr Syed is also an Assessor for medical school interviews and an active participant in QI projects and research.

The way you perceive the world, plan, make decisions and communicate your thoughts and feelings depends on the function and hierarchical arrangement of cortical modules. The ability to both provide adaptive responses to our ever-changing environment and to pursue a useful role in society is the most important problem faced by present day neuroscientists. In essence, the workings of cortical modules define the nature of our soul, making each of us who we are. This book provides a breath-taking view of different perspectives by world renowned authorities as to the workings of these cortical modules both in the normal state and in mental disorders.

The natural killer NK] cell plays a critical role in regulating the innate and adaptive immune response to pathogens, injury and stress. It has emerged as a cell capable of helper function, expansion, contraction, and accelerated memory responses - features similar to other adaptive immune cells. It is a professional accelerator of immunity, mediating dendritic cell maturation and its precursors critical for the origin and development of secondary lymph node structures. These characteristics place the NK cell in a unique position, with a major role in sculpting the host response to damage and injury. This volume is the first complete and authoritative reference to explore these emergent, exciting aspects of the NK cell, placing it at the center of damage/danger recognition and the response to stress. "Natural Killer Cells" details NK cell biology, the role of NK cells in regulating immunity through interactions with other cells and tissues, the participation of NK cells in disease and special topics in NK biology.

- Provides a broad, detailed coverage of the biology and interactions of NK cells for students, fellows, scientists, and practitioners - Includes figures, histologic sections, and illustrations of the ontogeny of NK cells - Companion website includes full-color image database

Stem cells are central to the development and homeostasis of metazoan tissues and play roles at multiple times within a diversity of organs during the lifetime of an animal. A key goal of regenerative medicine is the in vivo repair of organs damaged by disease or injury. In order to facilitate this goal we need to understand how stem cells are generated, what factors maintain them in their respective tissues and how their differentiation is regulated. In this volume, leading researchers discuss the nature of stem cells and pluripotency and how this state can be experimentally induced. Stem cell maintenance, proliferation and differentiation is under tight regulation as excess stem cell proliferation could facilitate tumour formation and conversely loss of stem cells or failure of differentiation could disrupt tissue homeostasis or repair. Hence, stem cells are regulated by multiple layers of molecular control and this volume discusses transcriptional, translational, epigenetic, cell signalling and microRNA modalities that affect stem cell behaviour. Many of the underlying key principles of stem cell biology were discovered by genetic analysis of invertebrate systems and chapters in this volume describe regulation of the germline in C. elegans and in the digestive system, central nervous system and germline of Drosophila. The molecular processes that regulate regenerative organ systems from all three of the vertebrate germ layers are described with emphasis on the male germline, nervous system, epidermis, intestine, haematopoietic system and derivatives of the mesoderm. Several chapters also focus on molecular families that have been implicated in controlling a range of stem cell types including the JAK-STAT, Wnt and Notch signalling pathways; Myc, Myb and nuclear receptor transcriptional regulators; the Musashi family of RNA-binding proteins; microRNAs and epigenetic regulators. This volume will provide access to the current state of re

Frédéric Delavier’s artwork has amazed readers for years, with over two million people turning to his books—including the best-selling Strength Training Anatomy—to learn how muscles perform and affect the body during exercise. Now he brings his work to life again with Strength Training Anatomy for Athletes. With over 600 full-color photos and 300 anatomical illustrations, you’ll be taken inside 46 exercises specifically selected for the demands of 43 sports and activities. You’ll see how muscles interact with surrounding joints and skeletal structures and how variations and sequencing can isolate specific muscles for more effective and efficient training. Strength Training Anatomy for Athletes guides you in analyzing the needs of your sport and identifying the most effective exercises for your body type, physical conditioning, and performance goals. You’ll enhance your strengths and minimize your weaknesses with programs for 43 sports and activities, including these: Archery Basketball Baseball and softball Combat sports Cycling Football Golf Rugby Soccer Swimming and diving Tennis Volleyball Featuring exercises for warm-up, recovery, and injury prevention, Strength Training Anatomy for Athletes is a comprehensive, yet practical, guide to optimizing athletic performance.

The regenerative capacity of the liver has been recognized for centuries, but when it is overwhelmed by insulting stimuli or is chronically damaged, its regenerative capability is substantially reduced or lost. Researchers have been working to find solutions to cure failing human liver function. Given the ability of stem cells to self- renew and differentiate into specialized cell liver types, they represent an attractive strategy to replace lost liver function. This book begins by outlining the complex nature of human liver disease and proceeds to examine the potential that stem cell-based approaches have to offer.

Learn everything you need to know about the anatomy of the limbs and back and how to apply the material to everyday activities and movements with this updated edition of the classic text. This user-friendly book is packed with detailed quick-reference tables and newly revised illustrations. Take advantage of expanded study questions and exercises at the end of each chapter to actively engage yourself in the learning process and enhance your comprehension of the material. Understanding the functional and clinical relevance of musculoskeletal anatomy has never been easier! Well-rounded, detailed coverage of the musculoskeletal system includes information on the head, neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. Easy-to-understand, flowing text is presented in paragraph form. Abundant tables on muscles and nerves condense the information in the text for easy reference. Detailed discussions of specific movements focus on individual joints and muscles. A glossary provides a quick reference for useful terms. Evolve online resources for students and instructors include an image bank, test bank, Archie animations, and anatomy labeling exercises. UPDATED!! Clear, concise, and informative color illustrations enable you to better interpret the text. MORE Functional/Clinical Notes highlight the applications and importance of the material. MORE Analyses of Activities and Associated Movements boxes help you apply the anatomical information on movements and muscles to everyday life. EXPANDED information on surface anatomy describes palpable structures and how to "visualize" anatomy through the skin. MORE Review Questions and Exercises are provided at the end of each chapter to enhance your level of comprehension.

A&P may be complicated, but learning it doesn't have to be! Anatomy & Physiology, 11th Edition uses a clear, easy-to-read approach to tell the story of the human body's structure and function. Color-coded illustrations, case studies, and Clear View of the Human Body transparencies help you see the "Big Picture" of A&P. To jump-start learning, each unit begins by reviewing what you have already learned and previewing what you are about to learn. Short chapters simplify concepts with bite-size chunks of information. Conversational, storytelling writing style breaks down information into brief chapters and chunks of information, making it easier to understand concepts. 1,400 full-color photographs and drawings bring difficult A&P concepts to life and illustrate the most current scientific knowledge. UNIQUE! Clear View of the Human Body transparencies allow you to peel back the layers of the body, with a 22-page, full-color insert showing the male and female human body along several planes. The Big Picture and Cycle of Life sections in each chapter help you comprehend the interrelation of body systems and how the structure and function of these change in relation to age and development. Interesting sidebars include boxed features such as Language of Science and Language of Medicine, Mechanisms of Disease, Health Matters, Diagnostic Study, FYI, Sport and Fitness, and Career Choices. Learning features include outlines, key terms, and study hints at the start of each chapter. Chapter summaries, review questions, and critical thinking questions help you consolidate learning after reading each chapter. Quick Check questions in each chapter reinforce learning by prompting you to review what you have just read. UNIQUE! Comprehensive glossary includes more terms than in similar textbooks, each with an easy pronunciation guide and simplified translation of word parts - essential features for learning to use scientific and medical terminology! NEW! Updated content reflects more accurately the diverse spectrum of humanity. NEW! Updated chapters include Homeostasis, Central Nervous System, Lymphatic System, Endocrine Regulation, Endocrine Glands, and Blood Vessels. NEW! Additional and updated Connect It! articles on the Evolve website, called out in the text, help to illustrate, clarify, and apply concepts. NEW! Seven guided 3-D learning modules are included for Anatomy & Physiology.

This manual guides the student through an organised regional study of the human brain proceeding from caudal to rostal direction. Different parts of the brain are described both on a gross and light microscopic level. The important structures of each brain region are emphasized not only in the text but also in the accompanying micrographs and line drawings. Where appropriate, the text also describes the histological organisation of the brain. A series of CAT scan pictures has also been included as an exercise for the students to correlate their knowledge on brain with X-ray images. This manual would serve as a foundation for necessary and practical information for future clinical years.

Now in its Second Edition with an updated design, this popular chart shows: the spinal column (lateral aspect) a typical vertebra (superior aspect) structural features and functions of intervertebral disks spinal nerve irritation due to exostosis herniated disk kyphosis scoliosis lordosis osteoporosis causes of pain in the lower back or leg

This reference work brings together the biology, mechanics, neurophysiology and pathophysiology of diseased joints, illustrates available physiologically-based treatments for osteoarthrosis and explains how and when to use them.;Highlighting the most up-to-date biomechanical principles, Mechanics of Human Joints: discusses the functional anatomy of joints; relates the neurophysiology of joints to ligamentous reconstruction; elucidates the pathophysiology of osteoarthrosis; summarizes the latest information on muscle physiology and electromyography; examines the effect of vibration and impulsive loading on joint pathology; and explicates the principles of prosthetic joint replacement.

Comprehensive book on mitral stenosis not only compiles the existing published knowledge and literature about mitral stenosis in a succinct manner but also has input from experts having years of experience in this field. It will serve as an authentic reference and a ready reckoner for cardiology fellows, practicing cardiologists, academics and researchers