First published in 1990, this indispensable volume brings together authoritative, up-to-date, critical accounts of the present status of positron emission tomography (PET) in the study of movement disorders both in terms of the basic science relevant to PET and the clinical science related to the study of specific disease processes. For better understanding, it includes a review of the basic principles of PET and tracer kinetics. It also reviews clinical studies concerning Parkinson's and Huntington's disease, as well as some of the less common movement disorders such as progressive supranuclear palsy, olivopontocerebellar atrophy, and dystonia. Throughout the text, it emphasizes PET as a tool for the quantitative measurement of meaningful biochemical and physiological processes. This state-of-the-art work provides a perspective concerning the degree to which PET studies have advanced knowledge and the future role anticipated for PET. All clinical and basic researchers interested in functional imaging with PET and movement disorders will find this book an absolute must.

"Autophagy in Health and Disease" offers an overview of the latest research in autophagy with a translational emphasis. This publication takes scientific research in autophagy a step further and offers integrated content with advancements in autophagy from cell biology and biochemical research to clinical treatments. A necessary reference for the bookshelf of medical and scientific researchers and students, "Autophagy in Health and Disease" presents high quality, reputable information on autophagy, allowing the reader quick access to the most applicable information.
Discusses current understanding of the roles of autophagy in health and diseaseCovers the background of autophagy, the development of tools and therapeutics to measure and modulate autophagy, and autophagy in tissues and disease processes Features an accompanying website with figures and tables

Biased Signaling in Physiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics is a unique and essential reference for the scientific community concerning how conformational-dependent activation is a common phenomenon across many classes of receptors or signaling molecules. It discusses the role of conformational dynamics in leading to signaling bias across different classes of receptors and signaling molecules. By providing a broader view of signaling bias, this resource helps to explain common mechanisms shared across receptor classes and how this can be utilized to elucidate their cellular activity and better understand their therapeutic potential. Written for both new and established scientists in pharmacology, cell biology, biochemistry, and signal transduction, as well as physicians, this book clearly illustrates how biased receptor signaling can be utilized to develop and understand complex pharmacology. Chapters are each focused on a specific class of receptor or other important topic and make use of real-world examples illustrating how the latest research in signal transduction has led to a better understanding of pharmacology and cell biology. This structure creates a basis for understanding that physiological signalling bias has been selected by nature in order to provide complex and tissue- specific biological responses in the face of limited receptors and signaling pathways. This book provides a framework to reveal that these physiological mechanisms are not restricted to one receptor type or family and thus presents receptor signaling from a newer, more global perspective.

Mitochondria have traditionally been associated with metabolic functions; however recent research has uncovered a central role for these organelles in cell signaling, cell survival, and cell death. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a factor in a myriad of pathophysiological conditions, including age-related neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Mitochondrial Signaling in Health and Disease examines themes essential for the maintenance of the mitochondrial redox (reduction-oxidation) energy axis.

With contributions from an impressive cadre of internationally recognized scientists, the book discusses coordinated mitochondrial functions that regulate cell function by discrete signaling pathways. Topics discussed include:

• Electron transport and energy production
• Mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics
• Mitochondrial signaling
• Apoptosis and autophagy
• Pharmacology signaling
• Epigenetic signaling: mitochondrial methylation and acetylation reactions

An essential resource for life and health scientists as well as pharmaceutical industry professionals, this volume highlights the importance of mitochondrial signaling and its role in establishing a harmonized communication between several cellular compartments. The information in this volume is critical to those developing mitochondrion-targeted therapies aimed at assuaging mitochondrial dysfunction or the specific factors contributing to its dysfunction.

Key features: * Presents a concise, accessible guide to regional and clinically applied anatomy, that clearly demonstrates to students the level of knowledge that is required for medical and healthcare-related curricula. * Uses high-quality clinical and intra-operative images integrated into the text which emphasizes important topics through bullet points. * Features logically arranged seven sections, each devoted to a body region or system, which includes a self-test quiz, with the single best answer and spotter-style questions.

Science is a force for good in the world-at least usually. But sometimes, when obsession gets the better of scientists, they twist a noble pursuit into something sinister. Under this spell, knowledge isn't everything, it's the only thing-no matter the cost. Bestselling author Sam Kean tells the true story of what happens when unfettered ambition pushes otherwise rational men and women to cross the line in the name of science, trampling ethical boundaries and often committing crimes in the process. The Icepick Surgeon masterfully guides the reader across two thousand years of history, beginning with Cleopatra's dark deeds in ancient Egypt. The book reveals the origins of much of modern science in the transatlantic slave trade of the 1700s, as well as Thomas Edison's mercenary support of the electric chair and the warped logic of the spies who infiltrated the Manhattan Project. But the sins of science aren't all safely buried in the past. Many of them, Kean reminds us, still affect us today. We can draw direct lines from the medical abuses of Tuskegee and Nazi Germany to current vaccine hesitancy, and connect icepick lobotomies from the 1950s to the contemporary failings of mental-health care. Kean even takes us into the future, when advanced computers and genetic engineering could unleash whole new ways to do one another wrong. Unflinching, and exhilarating to the last page, The Icepick Surgeon fuses the drama of scientific discovery with the illicit thrill of a true-crime tale. With his trademark wit and precision, Kean shows that, while science has done more good than harm in the world, rogue scientists do exist, and when we sacrifice morals for progress, we often end up with neither.

The Patella provides a comprehensive, practical approach to the management of disorders of the patella and extensor mechanism of the knee. Discussions of the basic sciences, physical exam and imaging of the patellofemoral joint are followed by treatment options, including arthroscopy, osteotomy, surgical management of patellar malalignment, patellofemoral arthritis, conservative care, and complications of surgery. Additional chapters include problems in the young patient and rehabilitation. With over 300 illustrations, this book is a must for all orthopaedic surgeons and residents.

The regenerative capacity of the liver has been recognized for centuries, but when it is overwhelmed by insulting stimuli or is chronically damaged, its regenerative capability is substantially reduced or lost. Researchers have been working to find solutions to cure failing human liver function. Given the ability of stem cells to self- renew and differentiate into specialized cell liver types, they represent an attractive strategy to replace lost liver function. This book begins by outlining the complex nature of human liver disease and proceeds to examine the potential that stem cell-based approaches have to offer.

The eminent physician and anatomist Dr William Hunter (1718-1783) made an important and significant contribution to the history of collecting and the promotion of the fine arts in Britain in the eighteenth century. Born at the family home in East Calderwood, he matriculated at the University of Glasgow in 1731 and was greatly influenced by some of the most important philosophers of the Scottish Enlightenment, including Francis Hutcheson (1694-1746). He quickly abandoned his studies in theology for Medicine and, in 1740, left Scotland for London where he steadily acquired a reputation as an energetic and astute practitioner; he combined his working life as an anatomist successfully with a wide range of interests in natural history, including mineralogy, conchology, botany and ornithology; and in antiquities, books, medals and artefacts; in the fine arts, he worked with artists and dealers and came to own a number of beautiful oil paintings and volumes of extremely fine prints. He built an impressive school of anatomy and a museum which housed these substantial and important collections. William Hunter's life and work is the subject of this book, a cultural-anthropological account of his influence and legacy as an anatomist, physician, collector, teacher and demonstrator. Combining Hunter's lectures to students of anatomy with his teaching at the St Martin's Lane Academy, his patronage of artists, such as Robert Edge Pine, George Stubbs and Johan Zoffany, and his associations with artists at the Royal Academy of Arts, the book positions Hunter at the very centre of artistic, scientific and cultural life in London during the period, presenting a sustained and critical account of the relationship between anatomy and artists over the course of the long eighteenth century.

* PRE-ORDER YOUR COPY TODAY * The compelling and moving memoir of forensic psychiatrist Dr Duncan Harding

The adipokines (also called adipocytokines), are a group of peptides secreted by adipose tissue. They have diverse roles, from the cell to the whole body. The book is designed for health scientists, doctors, physiologists, immunologists, biochemists, college and university teachers and lecturers, undergraduates and graduates. The chapters are written either by experts or specialists in their field.

Essential Computational Modeling for the Human Body presents key contributions selected from the volume in the Handbook of Numerical Analysis: Computational Modeling for the Human Body Vol. 12 (2005).

Computational (Mathematical) Modeling is used by scientists and researchers with various applications in chemical, biological, behavioral, environmental sciences, etc. This guide presents essential research techniques for analysis and essential concrete examples of computational models, while supplying a wide range of commonly used methods and applications, followed by various numerical simulations.

Provides various viewpoints of methods and applications are available for researchers to chose and experiment with; Numerical analysis and open problems useful for experimentation; Computational Models useful for surgery simulations;

Ace your courses and the USMLE with the go-to review guide-complete with critical concepts and fully updated practice questions Histology and Cell Biology is designed and formatted in a way that helps you make the most of your time, whether you're studying this topic for the first time or reviewing for the USMLE. With this focused review you'll be able to pinpoint your weak areas, then improve your comprehension with learning aids designed to help you understand and retain even the most difficult material. This popular LANGE guide provides everything you need to know about the four basic tissues types, and organs and organ systems. Each chapter is devoted to a specific topic and includes learning aids, such as objectives highlighting significant facts and concepts; study questions directing students to facts commonly covered on exams; synopsis presented in outline form that reviews all the basic histology and related cell biology covered on exams; and multiple-choice practice questions written in USMLE format. This authoritative resource concludes with a diagnostic final exam, updated with longer, case-related stems that mimic the USMLE Step 1 exam. NEW: Thoroughly revised Q&A NEW: Completely updated text and practice questions to reflect current knowledge NEW: Information added to each chapter regarding relevant pathology/clinical issues Good Text for first year students, help understand and piece together professors' lectures Great Practice Q&A

Phosphoinositides play a major role in cellular signaling and membrane organization. During the last three decades we have learned that enzymes turning over phosphoinositides control vital physiological processes and are involved in the initiation and progression of cancer, inflammation, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic disease and more. In two volumes, this book elucidates the crucial mechanisms that control the dynamics of phosphoinositide conversion. Starting out from phosphatidylinositol, a chain of lipid kinases collaborates to generate the oncogenic lipid phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-trisphosphate. For every phosphate group added, there are specific lipid kinases - and phosphatases to remove it. Additionally, phospholipases can cleave off the inositol head group and generate poly-phosphoinositols, which act as soluble signals in the cytosol. Volume I untangles the web of these enzymes and their products, and relates them to function in health and disease. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases and 3-phosphatases have received a special focus in volume I, and recent therapeutic developments in human disease are presented along with a historical perspective illustrating the impressive progress in the field.

For centuries, humankind has sought to know itself through an understanding of the body, in sickness and in health, inside and out. This fascination left in its wake a rich body of artworks that demonstrate not only the facts of the human body, but also the ways in which our ideas about the body and its proper representation have changed over time. At times both beautiful and repulsive, illustrated anatomy continues to hold our interest today, and is frequently referenced in popular culture. Anatomica brings together some of the most striking, fascinating and bizarre artworks from the 16th through to the 20th century, exploring human anatomy in one beautiful volume.

Better understand and retain the material in Kelley's Sectional Anatomy for Imaging Professionals, 4th Edition with this dynamic workbook. With its wide variety of engaging exercises - including illustration labeling, puzzles, case studies, matching activities, fill-in-the-blank questions, short-answer questions, and more - you can benefit from an integrated and highly-visual approach to learning sectional anatomy and its application in diagnostic imaging. Wide variety of engaging exercises - including matching, true/false, fill-in-the-blank, case studies, and labeling - aid your learning and retention. Chapter objectives focus your attention on the important concepts you are expected to master by the end of the chapter. Memory learning aids help you quickly memorize terms, definitions, and anatomic locations so you can concentrate more on the application of concepts. Over 300 images with labeling opportunities provide thorough practice in identifying anatomic structures. NEW! Updated material corresponds with the updated material in the main text. NEW! Additional labeling queries reinforce identification of structures on sectional anatomy images. NEW! Additional exercises further emphasize anatomic location and function. NEW! Additional case studies help tie the material to what happens on the job in the clinical setting.

Written for the modern medical student and designed to accompany any current gross anatomy textbook, this brand-new pictorial handbook presented by Drs. Vilensky, Weber, Carmichael, and Sarosi lets you quickly identify pathologic correlates of gross anatomy. Abundant side-by-side high-quality radiography, MR, CT, and ultrasound images of normal and pathologic conditions help you quickly develop the skills you need to differentiate between what's normal and what's not. Discussions on the choice of imaging modality for various pathologies will help you select the right imaging procedure in many clinical situations, making this a handy resource in the clinical environment. But best of all, this visual approach to pathologic correlates will help you ace your courses, the USMLE and NBME final exams. . Features side-by-side radiography, MR, CT, and ultrasound images that illustrate normal and abnormal anatomy, helping you quickly identify conditions while improving your diagnostic skills. . Covers clinical conditions found in the main core of textbooks and radiologically depicts the clinical correlates that you're exposed to daily, making it the ideal companion resource for any medical gross anatomy course. . Uses concise, brief text that explains the condition, thus allowing the radiologic images to guide you to the differentiating factors. . Incorporates discussions of imaging modality choices for a range of pathologies to help you understand how to select imaging procedures for various clinical situations in the clinical environment. . Offers the visual guidance you need to study for and pass your exams.

Emiliano Zapata Salazar (1879-1919). Mexico. Fue uno de los lideres principales de la Revolucion Mexicana. Nacio en San Miguel Anenecuilco, distrito de Ayala, en el estado de Morelos el 8 de agosto de 1879. En septiembre de 1909 fue electo presidente de la junta de defensa de las tierras de Anenecuilco. Y en mayo de 1910 recupero por la fuerza las tierras de Villa de Ayala, que eran protegidas por el el jefe de la policia y las entrego a los campesinos de la zona. Algunos meses despues participo en la reunion que se celebro alli para discutir el Plan de San Luis. A finales de 1910 un enviado suyo fue a Estados Unidos para entrevistarse con Francisco I. Madero. Tras este encuentro Zapata decidio tomar las armas el 10 de marzo de 1911, proclamando el Plan de San Luis. Por entonces combatio en Chinameca, Jojutla, Jonacatepec, Tlayecac y Tlaquiltenango. En 1911 Zapata se convirtio en el lider revolucionario del sur. Reivindicaba una reforma agraria radical. Con el asesinato de Francisco I. Madero y el ascenso en el poder de Victoriano Huerta, la lucha armada se recrudecio y Zapata introdujo importantes reformas en Morelos, que lo opusieron a Venustiano Carranza, el nuevo presidente. En 1914 la Convencion de Aguascalientes adopto el Plan de Ayala y eligio como presidente provisional a Eulalio Gutierrez. Los grupos dirigidos por Francisco Villa y Zapata aceptaron los resultados de la Convencion, no el encabezado por el general Carranza, lo que provoco la continuacion de la guerra civil. En 1919 Jesus Guajardo le hizo creer a Zapata que estaba descontento con Carranza y que estaria dispuesto a unirse a el. Zapata le pidio pruebas y Guajardo se las dio. Acordaron reunirse en la Hacienda de Chinameca, Morelos, el 10 de abril, Zapata fue asesinado en una encerrona.

Anatomy and pathology are key areas in medical training, but the amount medical students have to learn within them can seem overwhelming. This book helps students gain a firm grasp of the facts they must know before they enter their clinical years. It encompasses the core basics of the major organ systems in the body and presents them in a memorable, easy-to-read form. The book covers the background and knowledge that are clinically relevant to, and commonly encountered in, end-of-semester exams and provides a solid preparation for clinical years. It is an excellent resource for all medical students wishing to gain and retain anatomy and pathology knowledge in a time-effective manner.

In 1768, Ahmad al-Damanhuri became the rector (shaykh) of al-Azhar, which was one of the most authoritative and respected positions in the Ottoman Empire. He occupied this position until his death. Despite being a prolific author, whose writings are largely extant, al-Damanhuri remains almost unknown, and much of his work awaits study and analysis. This book aims to shed light on al-Damanhuri's diverse intellectual background, and that of and his contemporaries, building on and continuing the scholarship on the academic thought of the late Ottoman Empire. The book specifically investigates the intersection of medical and religious knowledge in Eighteenth-Century Egypt. It takes as its focus a manuscript on anatomy by al-Damanhuri (d. 1778), entitled "The Clear Statement on the Science of Anatomy (al-qawl al-sarih fi 'ilm al-tashrih),". The book includes an edited translation of The Clear Statement, which is a well-known but unstudied and unpublished manuscript. It also provides a summary translation and analysis of al-Damanhuri's own intellectual autobiography. As such, the book provides an important window into a period that remains deeply understudied and a topic that continues to cause debates and controversies. This study, therefore, will be of keen interest to scholars working on the "post-Classical" Islamic world, as well as historians of religion, science, and medicine looking beyond Europe in the Early Modern period.

The natural killer NK] cell plays a critical role in regulating the innate and adaptive immune response to pathogens, injury and stress. It has emerged as a cell capable of helper function, expansion, contraction, and accelerated memory responses - features similar to other adaptive immune cells. It is a professional accelerator of immunity, mediating dendritic cell maturation and its precursors critical for the origin and development of secondary lymph node structures. These characteristics place the NK cell in a unique position, with a major role in sculpting the host response to damage and injury. This volume is the first complete and authoritative reference to explore these emergent, exciting aspects of the NK cell, placing it at the center of damage/danger recognition and the response to stress. "Natural Killer Cells" details NK cell biology, the role of NK cells in regulating immunity through interactions with other cells and tissues, the participation of NK cells in disease and special topics in NK biology.

- Provides a broad, detailed coverage of the biology and interactions of NK cells for students, fellows, scientists, and practitioners - Includes figures, histologic sections, and illustrations of the ontogeny of NK cells - Companion website includes full-color image database

The way you perceive the world, plan, make decisions and communicate your thoughts and feelings depends on the function and hierarchical arrangement of cortical modules. The ability to both provide adaptive responses to our ever-changing environment and to pursue a useful role in society is the most important problem faced by present day neuroscientists. In essence, the workings of cortical modules define the nature of our soul, making each of us who we are. This book provides a breath-taking view of different perspectives by world renowned authorities as to the workings of these cortical modules both in the normal state and in mental disorders.

Stem cells are central to the development and homeostasis of metazoan tissues and play roles at multiple times within a diversity of organs during the lifetime of an animal. A key goal of regenerative medicine is the in vivo repair of organs damaged by disease or injury. In order to facilitate this goal we need to understand how stem cells are generated, what factors maintain them in their respective tissues and how their differentiation is regulated. In this volume, leading researchers discuss the nature of stem cells and pluripotency and how this state can be experimentally induced. Stem cell maintenance, proliferation and differentiation is under tight regulation as excess stem cell proliferation could facilitate tumour formation and conversely loss of stem cells or failure of differentiation could disrupt tissue homeostasis or repair. Hence, stem cells are regulated by multiple layers of molecular control and this volume discusses transcriptional, translational, epigenetic, cell signalling and microRNA modalities that affect stem cell behaviour. Many of the underlying key principles of stem cell biology were discovered by genetic analysis of invertebrate systems and chapters in this volume describe regulation of the germline in C. elegans and in the digestive system, central nervous system and germline of Drosophila. The molecular processes that regulate regenerative organ systems from all three of the vertebrate germ layers are described with emphasis on the male germline, nervous system, epidermis, intestine, haematopoietic system and derivatives of the mesoderm. Several chapters also focus on molecular families that have been implicated in controlling a range of stem cell types including the JAK-STAT, Wnt and Notch signalling pathways; Myc, Myb and nuclear receptor transcriptional regulators; the Musashi family of RNA-binding proteins; microRNAs and epigenetic regulators. This volume will provide access to the current state of re

Applied Anatomy for the FRCA covers the anatomical knowledge that trainee anaesthetists who are revising for the Primary and Final FRCA exams will need. The topics covered are derived from the FRCA curriculum and include the most up-to-date version of past exam questions, in order to ensure targeted and successful exam revision. The content, illustrations and overall layout of this book ensure that common gaps in anatomical knowledge encountered by FRCA trainees are included. This reference is divided into sections pertaining to anatomical regions: head and neck, thorax, abdomen, spine, and the upper and lower limbs. The topics of importance to anaesthetists are presented under 'structures', 'circulation' and 'nervous system' (with relevance to regional anaesthesia). Each topic is extensively researched and presented in a simple format for maximum retention. This book makes learning and remembering applied anatomy as straightforward as possible. Applied Anatomy for the FRCA supplements the knowledge required by trainee anaesthetists appearing for the FRCA exams. Clinical educators will also find it useful in teaching. It serves as a practical reference for anatomical knowledge at any point in an anaesthetist's career. About the Editors Dr Bobby Krishnachetty has been a Consultant Anaesthetist at Southend University Hospital since 2010 and a college tutor for six years. She completed her diploma in medical education and is the author of The Final FRCA Structured Oral Examination: A Complete Guide. She is also the organiser of the regional teaching for Core trainees in the East of England school of anaesthesia, as well as Founder of the 'Southend Viva Club' Primary and Final FRCA SOE revision courses for more than nine years, and Cofounder of MRCS OSCE webinars. Mr Abdul Syed has been a Consultant Surgeon at Southend University Hospital since 2015. He is Lead for postgraduate teaching of surgical trainees, Cofounder of MRCS OSCE webinars and conducts Core surgical trainee interview skills courses. Mr Syed is also an Assessor for medical school interviews and an active participant in QI projects and research.

How do you learn A&P best? Whatever your learning style...by reading, listening, or doing, or a little bit of each...the 3rd Edition of this new approach to anatomy & physiology is designed just for you. Tackle a tough subject in bite-sized pieces. A seemingly huge volume of information is organized into manageable sections to make complex concepts easy to understand and remember. You begin with an overview of the body, including its chemical and cellular structures, then progress to one-of-a-kind portrayals of each body system, grouped by function. Full-color illustrations, figures, sidebars, helpful hints, and easy-to-read descriptions make information crystal clear. Each unique page spread provides an entire unit of understanding, breaking down complex concepts into easy-to-grasp sections for today's learner. "Fast Facts" in each chapter contain interesting tips related to the system. "The Body at Work" addresses physiology of the system under discussion. "Life Lessons" apply A&P information to real-life situations. "Own the Information" exercises ask students to identify the most important points in each chapter and compare them to the learning objectives. Instructor resources: Ebook, testing resources, classroom & lecture planning resources, previous edition resources. Includes webinar recording, rollover guide to the book, questions & scenarios, PowerPoint slides, image banks, testbank Student resources: Interactive resources, flash cards, animations, podcast library, reference resources, audio glossary, PowerPoint slides