This chart illustrates spinal nerves and cranial nerves and diagrams the portion of the thoracic spinal cord with spinal nerves. It also shows spinal cord segments, cutaneous distribution of spinal nerves, and dermal segmentation.

 The Anatomist's Library is a fascinating chronological collection of the best anatomical books from six centuries, charting the evolution of both medical knowledge and illustrated publishing. There is a rich history of medical publishing across Europe with outstanding publications from Germany, France, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, UK, and also many from Persia and Japan.   Because of the high value of accurate medical textbooks, it was these works that pushed the boundaries of illustrated publishing. They commanded the expert illustrators and skilled engravers and hence didn’t come cheaply. They were treasured by libraries and their intrinsic worth has meant that there is an incredible wealth of beautifully preserved historic examples from the 15th century onwards   The enduring popularity of Gray’s Anatomyhas shown that there is a long-term interest in the subject beyond the necessity of medical students to learn the modern equivalent – the 42nd edition (2020) – from cover to cover. But Englishman Henry Gray was late in the field and never saw the enduring success of his famous work. Having first published the surgeon’s reference book in 1858, he died in 1861 after contracting smallpox from his nephew (who survived). He was just 34.   Gray was following on from a long tradition of anatomists starting with Aristotle and Galen whose competing theories about the human body dominated early medicine. However they did not have the illustrative skills of Leonardo da Vinci who was trained in anatomy by Andrea del Verrocchio. In 1489 Leonardo began a series of anatomical drawings depicting the human form. His surviving 750 drawings (from two decades) represent groundbreaking studies in anatomy. However none of Leonardo's Notebooks were published during his lifetime, they only appeared in print centuries after his death.   Brussels-born Andries van Wesel (Andreas Vesalius) professor at the University of Padua is deemed to be the founder of modern anatomical reference with his 1543 work De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem ("On the fabric of the human body in seven books"). An Italian contemporary was Bartolomeo Eustachi who supported Galen’s medical theories. Among other discoveries he correctly identified the Eustachian tube and the arrangement of bones in the inner ear. His Anatomical Engravings were completed in 1552, nine years after Vesalius’s great work, but remained unpublished until 1714.   These are just two entries in a book brimming with an abundance of important illustrated works – with some more primitive examples from the 15th century, up to the 42nd edition of Gray’s in the 21st.  

This detailed volume focuses on population epigenetics, which is of increasing interest to policy makers searching for explanations for complex epidemiological observations and conceptual models on which to base interventions. With a concentration on DNA methylation, the emphasis is on the most commonly studied epigenetic phenomenon that is most amenable to further study. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Population Epigenetics: Methods and Protocols aims to aid population researchers in exploiting the latest insights into epigenetics to improve our understanding of the factors that influence human health and longevity.

The book provides an updated overview of molecular analysis of human tissues, and the impact this analysis has on diagnosis and prognosis of human diseases. Special emphasis is placed on human cancer and the future directions of the field. Methods of handling clinical tissue samples, including the impact of handling on subsequent molecular analysis, are also discussed. In addition, detailed protocols for molecular analysis of DNA, RNA and protein, with special emphasis on molecular analysis of highly complex human tissue samples containing mixtures of cell populations, are provided.

In this issue of Neuroimaging Clinics, guest editor Dr. Tarik F. Massoud brings his considerable expertise to the topic of Neuroimaging Anatomy, Part 2: Head, Neck, and Spine. Anatomical knowledge is critical to reducing both overdiagnosis and misdiagnosis in neuroimaging. This issue is part two of a two-part series on neuroimaging anatomy that focuses on the head, neck, and spine. Each article addresses a specific area such as the orbits, sinonasal cavity, temporal bone, pharynx, larynx, and spinal cord. Contains 14 relevant, practice-oriented topics including anatomy of the orbits; maxillofacial skeleton and facial anatomy; temporal bone anatomy; craniocervical junction and cervical spine anatomy; anatomy of the spinal cord, coverings, and nerves; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on neuroimaging anatomy of the head, neck, and spine, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

1) Classic anatomical atlases 2) Detailed labelling of the earliest phases of prenatal neurological development without abbreviations 3) Appeals to neuroanatomists, developmental biologists and clinical practioners 4) Persistent relevance - brain development is not going to change, but this Atlas offers updated terminology for primordial neural structures.

This third of 15 short atlases reimagines the classic 5-volume Atlas of Human Central Nervous System Development. This volume presents serial sections from specimens between 15 mm and 18 mm with detailed annotations, together with 3D reconstructions. An introduction summarizes human CNS development by using high-resolution photos of methacrylate-embedded rat embryos at a similar stage of development as the human specimens in this volume. The accompanying Glossary gives definitions for all the terms used in this volume and all the others in the Atlas. Features Classic anatomical atlas Detailed labeling of structures in the developing brain offers updated terminology and the identification of unique developmental features, such as germinal matrices of specific neuronal populations and migratory streams of young neurons Appeals to neuroanatomists, developmental biologists, and clinical practitioners A valuable reference work on brain development that will be relevant for decades

During the past decade, great strides have been made in our un derstanding of the biochemistry and pharmacology of the alpha-l adrenergic receptor. The alpha-l adrenergic receptor plays a key role in biological function. This is evidenced by the fact that the alpha-l adrenergic receptor plays a prominent functional role in most organs of the body and in the key systems responsible for survival of the organism and maintenance of optimum biological activity. This is most apparent in the cardiovascular system, in which alpha-l adrenergic receptors are the single most important receptor involved in the maintenance of blood pressure and circu latory function. It is appropriate, therefore, that recent findings related to the pharmacology and biochemistry of the alpha-l adrenergic receptor be compiled, since this subject has not been reviewed in detail in recent years. It is the purpose of this book to present a series of reviews of key experimental findings that shed new light on the alpha-l adrenergic receptor and the manner in which it functions. Classically, most receptors have been characterized based on structure-activity relationships obtained for selective agonists and antagonists interacting with the receptor. Although there are many newer and more sophisticated approaches to receptor char acterization, structure-activity relationships still provide impor tant information regarding the chemical requirements made by the receptor for its occupation by ligands and its subsequent acti vation by those ligands possessing intrinsic efficacy and, there fore, agonist activity."

Tried and true - build A&P confidence every step of the way! Here's the approach that makes A&P easier to master. A student-friendly writing style, superb art program, and learning opportunities in every chapter build a firm foundation in this must-know subject to ensure success. See what students are saying online… Great book! "This is THE best Anatomy & Physiology book I've ever used. Clear and easy to understand. Some of the areas of physiology I've had problems with in the past were made clear this term with this book! I had to have it for class of course, but I'd also read it for fun. (I plan to keep the book instead of sell it)" - A. Francis Good. "This was a great text for my Anatomy and Physiology class. It was easy to understand and I got a great grade." - Alisa M. Also Available: Student Workbook for Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 8th Edition

The Geometric Induction of Bone Formation describes new biomimetic biomaterials that offer mechanistic osteogenic surfaces for the autonomous and spontaneous induction of bone formation without the addition of osteogenic soluble molecular signals of the transforming growth factor- supergene family. The chapters frame our understanding of regenerative medicine in primate species, including humans. The goal is to unravel the fundamental biological mechanisms of bone formation unique to non-human and human primates. The broad target audience dovetails with several disciplines both in the academic and private biotech sectors primarily involved in molecular biology, tissue biology, tissue engineering, biomaterial science, and reconstructive, orthopedic, plastic, and dental surgery. Key Features Includes outstanding images of undecalcified whole mounted sections Summarizes non-human primate research - ideal for clinical translation Reviews methods for creating devices capable of making bone autonomously, i.e. an intrinsically osteo-inductive bioreactor and/or biomaterial Describes the spontaneous induction of bone formation including a whole spectrum of tissue biology, from basic molecular biology to clear-cut morphology and pre-clinical application in non-human primate species Intended for audiences in both academic research and the biotech industry

Despite extensive physiological, biochemical, and structural studies, the mechanisms of muscle contraction operating in living muscle fibres are still not clearly understood. This book aims to describe and assess various experimental methods currently used in the field of muscle research. For
each method discussed, there is a comprehensive description of its advantages, problems, and limitations. Each chapter also contains a summary of the central results to have been obtained using each method. Comprehensively written by experts in their respective fields, this book will be of interest
to all investigators in muscle physiology.

Biotechnology of Microbial Enzymes: Production, Biocatalysis and Industrial Applications provides a complete survey of the latest innovations on microbial enzymes, highlighting biotechnological advances in their production and purification along with information on successful applications as biocatalysts in several chemical and industrial processes under mild and green conditions. Applications of microbial enzymes in food, feed, and pharmaceutical industries are given particular emphasis. The application of recombinant DNA technology within industrial fermentation and the production of enzymes over the last 20 years have produced a host of useful chemical and biochemical substances. The power of these technologies results in novel transformations, better enzymes, a wide variety of applications, and the unprecedented development of biocatalysts through the ongoing integration of molecular biology methodology, all of which is covered insightfully and in-depth within the book.

This book brings together current advances in high-technology visualisation and the age-old but science-adapted practice of drawing for improved observation in medical education and surgical planning and practice. We begin this book with a chapter reviewing the history of confusion around visualisation, observation and theory, outlining the implications for medical imaging. The authors consider the shifting influence of various schools of philosophy, and the changing agency of technology over time. We then follow with chapters on the practical application of visualisation and observation, including emerging imaging techniques in anatomy for teaching, research and clinical practice - innovation in the mapping of orthopaedic fractures for optimal orthopaedic surgical guidance - placental morphology and morphometry as a prerequisite for future pathological investigations - visualising the dural venous sinuses using volume tracing. Two chapters explore the use and benefit of drawing in medical education and surgical planning. It is worth noting that experienced surgeons and artists employ a common set of techniques as part of their work which involves both close observation and the development of fine motor skills and sensitive tool use. An in-depth look at police identikit construction from memory by eyewitnesses to crimes, outlines how an individual's memory of a suspect's facial features are rendered visible as a composite image. This book offers anatomy educators and clinicians an overview of the history and philosophy of medical observation and imaging, as well as an overview of contemporary imaging technologies for anatomy education and clinical practice. In addition, we offer anatomy educators and clinicians a detailed overview of drawing practices for the improvement of anatomical observation and surgical planning. Forensic psychologists and law enforcement personnel will not only benefit from a chapter dedicated to the construction of facial composites, but also from chapters on drawing and observation.

Molecules to Medicine with mTOR: Translating Critical Pathways into Novel Therapeutic Strategies is a one-stop reference that thoroughly covers the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR, also known as the mammalian target of rapamycin, is a 289-kDa serine/threonine protein kinase that is ubiquitous throughout the body and has a critical role in gene transcription and protein formation, stem cell development, cell survival and senescence, aging, immunity, tissue regeneration and repair, metabolism, tumorigenesis, oxidative stress, and pathways of programmed cell death that include apoptosis and autophagy. Incorporating a translational medicine approach, this important reference highlights the basic cellular biology of mTOR pathways, presents the role of mTOR during normal physiologic function and disease, and illustrates how the mechanisms of mTOR can be targeted for current and future therapeutic treatment strategies. Coverage of mTOR signaling includes the entire life cycle of cells that impacts multiple systems of the body including those of nervous, cardiovascular, immune, musculoskeletal, endocrine, reproductive, renal, and respiratory origin.

Remarkable atlas provides exceptionally detailed, clinically relevant anatomic knowledge! Thieme Atlas of Anatomy: General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System, Third Edition, Latin Nomenclature, by renowned educators Michael Schuenke, Erik Schulte, and Udo Schumacher, along with consulting editors Nathan Johnson and Hugo Zeberg, expands on the award-winning prior editions with updated spreads and added information on joints, muscle actions, and functional muscle groups. Organized by region, the book begins with an introduction on basic human embryology and development and an overview of the human body. Subsequent general anatomy chapters explore surface anatomy, the bones, joints, muscles, vessels, lymphatic system and glands, and general neuroanatomy. The next section delineates the trunk wall, functional musculature, and the neurovascular system, while the last two sections are dedicated to the upper limb and lower limb. Key Features Labels and anatomic terminology are in Latin nomenclature Nearly 2,100 images including extraordinarily realistic illustrations by Markus Voll and Karl Wesker, X-rays, MRIs, CT scans, diagrams, tables, and descriptive text provide an unparalleled wealth of information about muscle structure and bones Musculoskeletal, vascular, and nervous system structures are presented systematically first, then topographically, thereby supporting classroom learning and active laboratory dissection Emphasizes important relationships between anatomic structure and function in addition to introducing clinical applications, providing knowledge trainees can apply in practice Online images with "labels-on and labels-off" capability are ideal for review and self-testing This visually stunning atlas is a must have for medical, allied health, and physical therapy students, instructors, and practicing physical and massage therapists. It is also a wonderful anatomic reference for professional artists and illustrators. The THIEME Atlas of Anatomy series also includes two additional volumes, Internal Organs and Head, Neck, and Neuroanatomy. All volumes of the THIEME Atlas of Anatomy series are available in softcover English/International nomenclature and in hardcover with Latin nomenclature. This book includes complimentary access to a digital copy on https://medone.thieme.com.

Written by leaders in the field of chemosensation, Chemosensory Transduction provides a comprehensive resource for understanding the molecular mechanisms that allow animals to detect their chemical world. The text focuses on mammals, but also includes several chapters on chemosensory transduction mechanisms in lower vertebrates and insects. This book examines transduction mechanisms in the olfactory, taste, and somatosensory (chemesthetic) systems as well as in a variety of internal sensors that are responsible for homeostatic regulation of the body. Chapters cover such topics as social odors in mammals, vertebrate and invertebrate olfactory receptors, peptide signaling in taste and gut nutrient sensing. Includes a foreword by preeminent olfactory scientist Stuart Firestein, Chair of Columbia University's Department of Biological Sciences in New York, NY. Chemosensory Transduction describes state-of-the-art approaches and key findings related to the study of the chemical senses. Thus, it serves as the go-to reference for this subject for practicing scientists and students with backgrounds in sensory biology and/or neurobiology. The volume will also be valuable for industry researchers engaged in the design or testing of flavors, fragrances, foods and/or pharmaceuticals.

Regulatory T Cells in Health and Disease focuses on the mechanism by which T cells become regulatory T cells, the processes which control the number of regulatory T cells in the blood and tissue, and the ways in which regulatory T cell prevent autoimmune disease and interact with infections and cancer.

Epigenetic Cancer Therapy unites issues central to a translational audience actively seeking to understand the topic. It is ideal for cancer specialists, including oncologists and clinicians, but also provides valuable information for researchers, academics, students, governments, and decision-makers in the healthcare sector. The text covers the basic background of the epigenome, aberrant epigenetics, and its potential as a target for cancer therapy, and includes individual chapters on the state of epigenome knowledge in specific cancers (including lung, breast, prostate, liver). The book encompasses both large-scale intergovernmental initiatives as well as recent findings across cancer stem cells, rational drug design, clinical trials, and chemopreventative strategies. As a whole, the work articulates and raises the profile of epigenetics as a therapeutic option in the future management of cancer.

Lysosomes are key subcellular organelles that regulate the cell function. Many of the essential activities of the cell are dependent on lysosomes. Dysfunction is linked to multiple diseases - storage disorders, neurodegeneration, immunological diseases and cancer. This book discusses concepts and methods used to study lysosome ion and small molecule transport. The contents will not only attract accomplished investigators in need of a broad review and synthesis of this important subject but will also appeal to young investigators and trainees needing to acquire comprehensive knowledge and technical skills working with lysosomal ion channels and small molecule transporters. Key selling features: Summarizes the endocellular role that lysosomes play with respect to cellular waste disposal Reviews essential cellular functions of lysosomes Explores how lysosome dysfunction is the cause of many metabolic disorders Examines how lysomes are involved in storage diseases Describes various technologies and methods used in lysosome research

Anatomy and physiology presented in a clear and accessible manner for the midwifery student. Well illustrated with numerous line diagrams, Anatomy & Physiology in Maternity Care takes a system-approach to the physiological changes that occur throughout the childbearing year. Varied case studies reflecting the latest research findings ensure that theory is firmly rooted in midwifery practice. This is an excellent first textbook for those students needing to understand the anatomy and physiology of pregnancy and childbirth An introductory text covering anatomy and physiology relevant to midwifery students Simple, accessible language ensures complete understanding of complex theory Case studies relate anatomy and physiology to midwifery practice Covers physiological changes throughout the childbearing year Updated references New case studies reflecting latest research findings

Allosteric Modulation of G Protein-Coupled Receptors reviews fundamental information on G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and allosteric modulation, presenting original research in the area and collectively providing a comprehensive description of key issues in GPCR allosteric modulation. The book provides background on core concepts of molecular pharmacology while also introducing the most important advances and studies in the area. It also discusses key methodologies. This is an essential book for researchers and advanced students engaged in pharmacology, toxicology and pharmaceutical sciences training and research. Many of the GPCR-targeted drugs released in the past decade have specifically worked via allosteric mechanisms. Unlike direct orthosteric-acting compounds that occupy a similar receptor site to that of endogenous ligands, allosteric modulators alter GPCR-dependent signaling at a site apart from the endogenous ligand. Recent methodological and analytical advances have greatly improved our ability to understand the signaling mechanisms of GPCRs. We now know that allostery is a common regulatory mechanism for all GPCRs and not - as we once believed - unique to a few receptor subfamilies.

This book, which takes as its focus the biology and pathology of glial cells, pays special attention to the issues concerning the cellular and molecular interactions occurring between glia and neurons. Research over the last 30 years has shown that, contrary to previously held conceptions of the role of glial cells as being of secondary importance to that of neurons, they are major constituents of the nervous system, playing a pivotal role during development and adulthood. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that glial cells are involved in a number of disease states, some of which are still incurable, such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and other central and peripheral neuropathies. It is also well known that Schwann cells, the major glial cells of the peripheral nervous system, are unique in their ability to sustain and promote regeneration not only of peripheral but also of central neurons after traumatic injury. Thus the relatively new idea of repairing CNS damage through the transplantation of glial cells is an approach with great clinical potential. Bringing together contributions from expert researchers in the field, this is an informative and forward thinking approach to a continuously expanding field.