This book brings together in one volume selected important topics in craniofacial growth. Topics include: principles of skeletal growth; osteogenesis and its control; formation of the cranial base and craniofacial joints; prenatal development of the facial skeleton; growth of the mandible, nasomaxillary complex, orbit, cranial base, ear capsule, and cranial vault; bone remodeling; muscles; soft tissues; and blood vessels.
Fundamentals of Craniofacial Growth contains detailed illustrations and extensive reference lists. Independently authored chapters provide comprehensive reviews encompassing both contemporary and historical perspectives. In addition to medicine and dentistry, contributors provide expertise from such diverse backgrounds as anatomy, biology, biomathematics, embryology, orthodontics, physical anthropology, and plastic and reconstructive surgery.

This detailed volume features techniques to explore the complex interface that separates the systemic circulation from the central nervous system, known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Beginning with an introduction to its physiology, the book continues with sections on using pluripotent stem cells in models of the BBB, co-culture, permeability and transwell models, microfluidic and chip models, as well as models to study specific BBB pathologies. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, The Blood-Brain Barrier: Methods and Protocols collects a wide range of methodologies which will aid all researchers in the fascinating world of the blood-brain barrier.

A thoroughly revised and updated collection readily reproducible techniques for culturing human cells. This new edition includes a wide range of human cell types relevant to human disease and new chapters on fibroblasts, Schwann cells, gastric and colonic epithelial cells, and parathyroid cells. The protocols follow the successful Methods in Molecular Medicine (TM) series format, each offering step-by-step laboratory instructions, an introduction outlining the principle behind the technique, lists of the necessary equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.

Susan Standring, MBE, PhD, DSc, FKC, Hon FAS, Hon FRCS Trust Gray's. Building on over 160 years of anatomical excellence In 1858, Drs Henry Gray and Henry Vandyke Carter created a book for their surgical colleagues that established an enduring standard among anatomical texts. After more than 160 years of continuous publication, Gray's Anatomy remains the definitive, comprehensive reference on the subject, offering ready access to the information you need to ensure safe, effective practice. This 42nd edition has been meticulously revised and updated throughout, reflecting the very latest understanding of clinical anatomy from the world's leading clinicians and biomedical scientists. The book's acclaimed, lavish art programme and clear text has been further enhanced, while major advances in imaging techniques and the new insights they bring are fully captured in state of the art X-ray, CT, MR and ultrasonic images. The accompanying eBook version is richly enhanced with additional content and media, covering all the body regions, cell biology, development and embryogenesis - and now includes two new systems-orientated chapters. This combines to unlock a whole new level of related information and interactivity, in keeping with the spirit of innovation that has characterised Gray's Anatomy since its inception. Each chapter has been edited by international leaders in their field, ensuring access to the very latest evidence-based information on topics Over 150 new radiology images, offering the very latest X-ray, multiplanar CT and MR perspectives, including state-of-the-art cinematic rendering The downloadable Expert Consult eBook version included with your (print) purchase allows you to easily search all of the text, figures, references and videos from the book on a variety of devices Electronic enhancements include additional text, tables, illustrations, labelled imaging and videos, as well as 21 specially commissioned 'Commentaries' on new and emerging topics related to anatomy Now featuring two extensive electronic chapters providing full coverage of the peripheral nervous system and the vascular and lymphatic systems. The result is a more complete, practical and engaging resource than ever before, which will prove invaluable to all clinicians who require an accurate, in-depth knowledge of anatomy.

This expanded edition includes a new introduction by John Nix as well as a new appendix offering case studies and practical insights from teachers about how Barbara Doscher has impacted their voice instruction. An understanding of how the singing voice functions should be a prerequisite for all those who wish to teach singing. And fundamental to any safe and efficient teaching method is the recognition that the singing voice is a functional unit. Consequently, this second edition, like the first, describes the anatomy and physiology of breathing and phonation and examines the acoustical laws necessary for an understanding of resonation. It is designed primarily as a textbook for college vocal pedagogy courses. The book includes detailed illustrations and an expansion of the appendix on vocal misuse and abuse, including data on subglottic air pressure/air flow ratios, the phonatory mode known as belting, and the aging voice, especially as it is affected by hormonal changes in the body. It also feature an extensive bibliography.

T-Helper Cells: Methods and Protocols presents a broad selection of cutting edge protocols that will enable the reader to capture the unique features of TH cells with tools developed for the isolation of TH cells from various tissues and subsequent analysis of their functional properties in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. Chapters cover methods of isolating T cells from various tissues in mice, protocols for the analysis of T cell function and phenotype using various cutting edge technologies, methods allowing for the manipulation of T cell function in vitro and in vivo, and in vivo models of diseases in which T cells play a central role in the pathogenesis. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, T-Helper Cells: Methods and Protocols seeks to serve both professionals and novices with its well-honed methodologies in an effort to further the study of this amazingly versatile and potent cell type.

This expanded edition includes a new introduction by John Nix as well as a new appendix offering case studies and practical insights from teachers about how Barbara Doscher has impacted their voice instruction. An understanding of how the singing voice functions should be a prerequisite for all those who wish to teach singing. And fundamental to any safe and efficient teaching method is the recognition that the singing voice is a functional unit. Consequently, this second edition, like the first, describes the anatomy and physiology of breathing and phonation and examines the acoustical laws necessary for an understanding of resonation. It is designed primarily as a textbook for college vocal pedagogy courses. The book includes detailed illustrations and an expansion of the appendix on vocal misuse and abuse, including data on subglottic air pressure/air flow ratios, the phonatory mode known as belting, and the aging voice, especially as it is affected by hormonal changes in the body. It also feature an extensive bibliography.

Handbook of HLA Typing Techniques is an authoritative collection of HLA phenotyping and genotyping techniques to be used at the bench level and as a reference. The information presented, much of it previously unpublished, was written by leading authorities in the field of transplantation. Each chapter provides detailed methodologies, notes on the interpretation of tests, reference material, and appendices.

Phenotyping topics covered include microlymphocytotoxicity assay, monoclonal antibodies, complement testing, serum screening for HLA antibodies, lymphocytotoxic crossmatching, and mixed and primed lymphocyte testing. Genotyping topics discussed include well-established RFLP analysis and polymerase chain reaction applications of PCR-SSO, PCR-RFLP, PCR-SSP, and PCR fingerprinting and related DNA heteroduplex technologies. Handbook of HLA Typing Techniques is an indispensable sourcebook for all researchers, practitioners, and students in the international tissue typing and human immunogenetics community.

Phosphoinositides play a major role in cellular signaling and membrane organization. During the last three decades we have learned that enzymes turning over phosphoinositides control vital physiological processes and are involved in the initiation and progression of cancer, inflammation, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic disease and more. In two volumes, this book elucidates the crucial mechanisms that control the dynamics of phosphoinositide conversion. Starting out from phosphatidylinositol, a chain of lipid kinases collaborates to generate the oncogenic lipid phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-trisphosphate. For every phosphate group added, there are specific lipid kinases - and phosphatases to remove it. Additionally, phospholipases can cleave off the inositol head group and generate poly-phosphoinositols, which act as soluble signals in the cytosol. Volume II extends into the role of phosphoinositides in membrane organization and vesicular traffic. Endocytosis and exocytosis are modulated by phosphoinositides, which determine the fate and activity of integral membrane proteins. Phosphatidylinositol(4,5)-bisphosphate is a prominent flag in the plasma membrane, while phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate decorates early endosomes. The Golgi apparatus is rich in phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, stressed cells increase phosphatidylinositol(3,5)-bisphosphate, and the nucleus has a phosphoinositide metabolism of its own. Phosphoinositide-dependent signaling cascades and the spatial organization of distinct phosphoinositide species are required in organelle function, fission and fusion, membrane channel regulation, cytoskeletal rearrangements, adhesion processes, and thus orchestrate complex cellular responses including growth, proliferation, differentiation, cell motility, and cell polarization.

This volume provides researchers with up-to-date protocols and takes a close look at current research and promising applications. Optogenetics: Methods and Protocols contains a collection of recently developed technical protocols on optogenetic applications in neuroscience, brain mapping, treatment of neurological disorders, and restoration of visual function. Several introductory and discussion chapters offer a wide overview about sources and diversity of optogenetic tools, design strategies, and potential applications in other fields like plant research. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting edge and thorough, Optogenetic: Methods and Protocols, delivers an interdisciplinary view of optogenetic applications and its potential to develop as a valuable tool for basic research, as well as biomedical and biotechnological applications.

In the post human-genome project era, cancer specific genomic maps are redesigning tumor taxonomy by evolving from histopathology to molecular pathology. The success of a cancer drug today is fundamentally based on the success in identifying target genes that control beneficial pathways. The overwhelming power of genomics and proteomics has enlightened researchers about the fact that the PI3K-mTOR pathway is the most commonly up-regulated signal transduction pathway in various cancers, either by virtue of its activation downstream of many cell surface growth factor receptors or by virtue of its collateral and compensatory circuitry with RAS-MAPK pathway. Oncogenic signaling in the majority of solid tumors is sustained via the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Because of its prominent role in many cancer types, the PI3K-mTOR pathway has become a major therapeutic target. The volume includes two complementary parts which address the problem of etiology and disease progression and is intended to portray the very basic mechanisms of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway's involvement in various facets of the cancer, including stem cell renewal, cell metabolism, angiogenesis, genetic instability, and drug resistance. Significant progress has been made in recent years elucidating the molecular mechanism of cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and drug-resistance in relation to the PI3K-mTOR pathway and this volume provides an in-depth overview of recent developments made in this area.

1) Classic anatomical atlases 2) Detailed labeling of the earliest phases of prenatal neorological development 3) Appeals to neuroanatomists, developmental biologists and clinical practioners. 4) Persistent relevance - brain development is not going to change.

Master the essentials of oral biology with patient-centered approach. New illustrations and discussions of emerging issues keep you updated with advances in the dental professions and patient care. Written by Daniel J. Chiego Jr., and Professor Sausan Al Kawas both are experienced educators and researchers in oral histology and embryology, this book provides the basic science you need to succeed in the classroom and in clinical practice.

Sunao Tawara's epoch-making work on the excitation conduction system of the mammalian heart paved the way for the advancement of modern cardiology in the 20th century. Even today, more than 90 years after the publication of the German monograph "Das Reizleitungssystem des Saugetierherzen", his precise account of the conduction system from the atrioventricular node through the His-Purkinje system to the ordinary ventricular muscle fibers retains all of its original actuality.This English edition of Tawara's monograph will serve as an invaluable reference for both basic and clinical cardiological research in the years ahead.

This volume focuses on the cell biology and physiology of skeletal muscle regeneration. This Book is a collection of classic and cutting edge protocols optimized for mice, but in most cases adaptable to rat or other mammalian models, that will allow an investigator to develop and implement a research study on skeletal muscle regeneration. Chapters address the three major areas of study: provoking regeneration by inducing damage to muscle, analyzing the progenitor cells of skeletal muscle, and quantifying overall muscle function. Subjects discussed include: inducing skeletal muscle injury by eccentric contraction; volumetric muscle loss; single myofiber isolation and culture; satellite cell transplantation; muscle clearing for whole mount immunostaining; luciferase tracking of muscle stem cells; mitochondrial and mitophagy flux analysis; in vivo assessment of muscle contractility; force measurements on single isolated myofibers; and analysis of aerobic respiration in intact skeletal muscle tissue by microplate respirometry. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to each respective topic, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting edge and practical, Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in the Mouse: Methods and Protocols is an essential laboratory reference for research in skeletal muscle growth, damage, repair, degeneration, and regenerative therapy in the mouse model system.

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During the last decades, research on spinal cord has attracted a great deal of attention because of problems such as sensory-motor and autonomic dysfunctions associated with traumatic and other injuries. Recording of spinal cord evoked potentials is one of the most promising approaches to understand the spinal cord function. However, the details of the evoked potentials and their significance in various pathological conditions are not yet fully characterized. This book summarizes new findings in the field of electrophysiology and relates this knowledge to pathology and regeneration research. It is the first one which deals in great detail with various ways to monitor spinal cord function in experimental and clinical situations. It provides an up-to-date knowledge regarding spinal cord bioelectrical activity and its modification with pharmacological agents and covers new aspects of regeneration studies, particularly the role of myelin associated inhibitory molecules. A section is devoted to clinical studies dealing with electrical activity, pathology, and current therapeutic measures. This volume will be useful both to basic and clinical neuroscientists engaged in the field of neurology, neurophysiology, neurochemistry, neurosurgery, neuropathology, and related disciplines in order to understand basic functions of the spinal cord and to stimulate further research in this rapidly advancing field.

Instant Anatomy presents anatomy and anatomical relationships in a simple, unique, schematic manner to aid the speedy understanding and retrieval of anatomical facts. It shows structures such as nerves and blood vessels in their entirety, unlike the partial, regional presentations given in most textbooks. Covering the major aspects of anatomy, each section presents the relevant structures in double page spreads, with clear, full-colour diagrams on the left and concise text for each structure on the right. This new fifth edition includes more surface anatomy such as new myotome maps, bones of the hands and feet, principles of movement at shoulder and hip and images to clarify the understanding of the inguinal region and the lesser sac of the stomach. Ideal for use alongside a core anatomy textbook, Instant Anatomy is the perfect quick reference guide for medical students, surgeons, radiologists and those in many other specialties. The companion website at www.instantanatomy.net with its podcasts and wide ranging multiple choice questions provide invaluable exam preparation.

This book offers a head-to-toe look at the health concerns most pertinent to teens and young adults as well as what they can do to safeguard their health. It also provides general information on anatomy and function. Many of the United States' top health problems-including heart attack, stroke, and complications from type 2 diabetes-are relatively uncommon among teens and young adults. There are, however, a number of health risks that are of particular concern for individuals between the ages of 13 and 25. Many of the behaviors this age group is likely to participate in-from listening to loud music to vaping to constantly using smartphones-can have a profound impact on their health. This book examines these threats to teen health using a top-to-bottom organization that focuses on particular parts of the body and systems. Each chapter provides background information on the anatomy and function of each part or system before diving into the issues most pertinent to teens. Readers will discover how these threats arise, how they can affect health both now and in the future, and what can be done to prevent, treat, or minimize the impact of these threats. Each chapter also includes a selection of accessible further readings that can be used as a jumping-off point for additional research. Addresses health issues of perennial concern, such as STIs and the dangers of smoking and drinking, as well as emerging hot topics, such as the dangers of too much sitting and the overuse of computer and smartphone screens Features a unique head-to-toe layout that presents information in an organized and accessible way Includes easy-to-understand explanations of the structure and function of each part of the body or system Offers practical advice on how to safeguard the health of each part of the body or system, providing readers with the information they need to make better decisions in their daily lives

This chart illustrates spinal nerves and cranial nerves and diagrams the portion of the thoracic spinal cord with spinal nerves. It also shows spinal cord segments, cutaneous distribution of spinal nerves, and dermal segmentation.

Goodman's Medical Cell Biology, Fourth Edition, has been student tested and approved for decades. This updated edition of this essential textbook provides a concise focus on eukaryotic cell biology (with a discussion of the microbiome) as it relates to human and animal disease. This is accomplished by explaining general cell biology principles in the context of organ systems and disease. This new edition is richly illustrated in full color with both descriptive schematic diagrams and laboratory findings obtained in clinical studies. This is a classic reference for moving forward into advanced study.