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Books > Medicine > Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences > Anatomy
Since the 1980s, ankle arthroplasty has been considered a dubious treatment for painful and degenerated joints. Many of the concerns that existed previously have been solved today. Prosthetic replacement of other joints also took a long time before reaching their present successful status. This is the first book to deal with ankle arthroplasty. International experts have given their opinion on (i) the kinematics of the ankle; (ii) the basics of replacing the ankle joint; and (iii) the current status of several modern ankle-prosthesis designs. A better understanding of the ankle kinematics, alignment techniques and biological stabilisation and the results of newer designs have changed the former attitude worldwide. The content of this book bears evidence for this change in opinion.
}This eloquent book takes us on a spell-binding journey into the workings of our bodies in health and disease. Dr. Charles A. Pasternak captivates us with his vivid and even poetic explanations of what keeps us healthy and vital, and what tears away at our health. He possesses the gift for rendering complex topics clear and lyrical, as in the ways our molecules interact with one another to decide the fate of our heart, brain, and lungs---whether we live or die.Why does disease rear its ugly head? Why does cancer take hold in some of us and pass by others? What roles do nutrition and stress play in determining our chances for a long, fulfilling life? Can we hold our eventual demise at bay by trying novel drugs and therapies? Dr. Pasternak also explores to what extent the illnesses we sufferand even our level of intelligenceare dependent on the genes we inherit from our parents, or the food we eat, or even the environment we inhabit. The story of our bodies is a true saga that has never before been so engrossingly told. }
This book reflects practical approaches to answering a variety of biological and medical questions using DNA fingerprinting and genetic profiling in a broad sense that also includes statistical evaluation of the data. It has been written for biology, biochemistry and medical students, graduates, postdoctoral fellows, academic teachers and for all researchers in the theoretical and applied sciences wherever genetic identification and relationship analysis are required.
Investigations on anatomical specimens have demonstrated that the subchondral mineralization does indeed show regular distribution patterns from which conclusions about the mechanical situation within an individual joint may be drawn. Since radiographical densitometry and histological methods are only available for determining the adaptive reaction of the bone to the mechanical situation in a joint after death, the information obtained applies only to an end situation and tells us nothing about the development of the changes with time. Furthermore, investigations carried out on human specimens by radiographical densitometry mostly apply to samples of a particular age, since such specimens can be acquired only from departments of pathology, forensic medicine or anatomy.
This is a classification of tumours and tumour-like lesions of the liver. It is based primarily on the microscopic characteristics of the tumours, and is therefore concerned with morphologically identi- fiable cell types and histological patterns. The haematoxylin- and eosin-stained section remains the mainstay of morphological diag- nosis, but special histochemical stains are often helpful and have been referred to in the explanatory notes. Readers interested in specific special stains mentioned in the text should consult Labora- tory Methods in Histotechnology of the Armed Forces Institute of *Pathology, Washington, D. c., USA. 1 The results of immunohisto- chemical methods for identifying various tumour "markers" have also been noted whenever indicated. The present classification incorporates all the previously classi- fied tumours, but also includes several new lesions, viz. biliary papil- lomatosis, the fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma and epithelioid haemangioendothelioma. Several subtypes of hepato- blastoma are mentioned. A serous type of bile duct cystadenoma is described. The section on tumour-like lesions has been expanded to include focal fatty change and inflammatory pseudotumour. The section on adenomatous hyperplasia, including macroregenerative nodules, has been amplified. The number of photomicrographs has been increased from the original 56 to 150. Unlike the first edition, the photomicrographs in the second edition are mostly black and white. All are new and were taken of representative cases on file at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.
Glomerular flltration represents one of the basic mechanisms in the function of an organism. Our understanding of this process is still quite fragmentary. Regulation of blood flow and pressure, together with regulation of the ultraflltration coefficient (which is an attribute of the flltration barrier), are the two fundamental mechanisms accounting for maintenance and adaptability of glomerular flltration. Regulation of glomerular blood flow is generally considered to result from an interplay between afferent and efferent glomerular arterioles, and much progress has been made recently in understanding this interplay (Navar et al. 1996). The present study provides a detailed structural description of the glomerular vascular pole of rat. The results of this study appear to be relevant for several open questions of glomerular function. First, the interaction between afferent and efferent arterioles in regulating glomerular blood is generally understood to occur between the preglomerular and the postglomerular portions of these vessels. As shown in the present study, the structural elaborations of these arterioles and the spatial relationships between them within the glomerular hilum strongly suggest an interplay also at this site. Moreover, the current understanding of glomerular blood flow regulation by tuning the interplay between afferent and efferent arterioles is exclusively based on signals whose regulatory loops are established in follow-up events outside the glomerulus (tubuloglomerular balance, tubuloglomerular feedback).
This chart shows medial and lateral views of the bones and ligaments of the foot and ankle, and illustrates nerve and blood supply to this region, including plantar view of arteries and nerves. It also shows common fractures and sprains and anterior impingement syndrome. Anatomy and Injuries of the Foot and Ankle describes and shows locations of forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot injuries such as bunions, Morton's neuroma, bunionette (Tailor's bunion), hammertoe, Jones' fracture, Chopart avulsion fracture, Lisfranc dislocation, metatarsal stress fracture, Achilles' tendon rupture, tarsal tunnel syndrome (which is becoming more common among snowboarders), calcaneal fracture and plantar fasciitis with hell spurs. The chart also visually and textually describes movement about the ankle: inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, and plantar flexion.
In the last few years, considerable attention has been paid to the presence of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGF-BPs) in the brain and peripheral neuronal tissue. IGFs are synthesized within the CNS, are bound to specific IGF-BPs and act on specific receptors. They represent a new class of growth factors and messengers in the brain and the periphery. Written by a group of outstanding experts in the field, the book provides an invaluable forum where important aspects of the production, regulation, biological actions, pathophysiological involvement, therapeutic applications for IGFs in many neurologic and neuromuscular disorders are addressed and critically evaluated.
Who said learning A&P can't be fun? The Anatomy and Physiology Learning System, 4th Edition makes it easy to learn normal structure and function of the body, and summarizes the common disorders found in each body system. Written by well-known educator Edith Applegate, this book combines clear, crisp writing with hundreds of vibrant illustrations. This edition includes a stronger emphasis on medical vocabulary, so you understand key terms before you learn anatomy. A wide array of engaging features simplifies physiology concepts, and an Evolve website supports the book with a wealth of new learning opportunities. Even if you have little or no background in science, you will learn the A&P you need to enter your career! A clear and concise writing style makes the book easy to read and understand, even if you have a limited background in science. Quick Check questions let you check your comprehension at various points within a chapter. Chapter quizzes provide recall, thought, and application questions to check your understanding of A&P concepts. An Evolve website includes online tutoring, a Body Spectrum coloring book, Anatomy & Physiology Pioneers boxes with brief biographies of trailblazers in science and medicine, 3-D animations, an audio glossary, Spanish pronunciations of key terms, and frequently asked questions. Outlines and objectives at the beginning of each chapter help you prioritize your study. Key terms are highlighted to help you analyze, pronounce, and spell important medical words. A glossary provides definitions and a pronunciation guide for key terms. Functional Relationships pages illustrate the connection between each individual system and the other body systems, showing how all systems work together. Representative Disorders describe the common health issues associated with each body system. Focus on Aging boxes describe the effects of aging on body systems. Quick Applications boxes connect the material to real-world scenarios. From the Pharmacy boxes describe common medications for each body system and include a brief description of the drug and its action, common uses, and abbreviations. 100 new high-quality illustrations help you visualize anatomical features and physiological processes. Chapter summaries and vocabulary quizzes have been added to the end of each chapter. New Building Your Medical Vocabulary section covers the history of medical words, giving you the building blocks to use and recognize new terms.
This book differs from others in the Histological Typing series by including more clinical aspects and by concentrating on cancer and precancer of the oral mucosa rather than attempting to cover all benign and malignant tumors of the oral and oropharyngeal tissue. One main aim is to inform general pathologists of the significance of the clinical features of the various lesions discussed as, on the whole, they may be unfamiliar with this territory. Attention is also drawn to those conditions particular to the oral mucosa that may give rise to appearances which are important in differential diagnoses but can be misleading to the pathologist who does not have detailed knowledge of the tissue involved. The TNM-classification for malignant tumors of the lip and oral cavity is also included.
Over 400 short videos highlight the steps in a full-body human dissection in the gross anatomy lab. Each step is narrated and key structures labeled. Text of the audio is included for each video so that the narration can be appreciated without audio as well. In addition, key structures are defined and linked to a library of illustrations from the Atlas of Human Anatomy by world-renowned physician-artist Frank H. Netter, MD. The illustrations can be viewed in Test-Yourself mode to quiz your knowledge of structure names. This Retail Access Card contains a pincode that can be used to access the enhanced eBook on www.StudentConsult.com The eBook is viewable on desktop, laptop, and on phones and devices (via the Inkling app).
1. 1 Scientific Aims In recent years, there has been a definite trend away from the casuistic scientific thinking which has dominated the scientific world, at least in the field of medicobi ological research. Now, in the last decade of this century, scientists are returning to a conceptual way of thinking that characterized the beginning of this century, namely organismal thinking. The holistic concept is not a new one; it was rekindled by a small group of scientists who, in the previous two decades, have begun to warn against too great an emphasis being placed on a molecular casuistic approach as the final pursuit to science (see Duncker 1983). These thinkers were perhaps instrumental in helping to turn the tide, to instruct and encourage fellow researchers to extend their findings from the molecular and to the organismal (see Duncker 1983, 1992a, b; Duncker and Kreite 1987). Having observed the ceca of many different animals for many years and having described their morphology at different levels of study -from the macroscopic to the electron microscopy level - the need to compare and observe these morphological entities in a quantitiative way became increasingly imminent. Quantitative methodol ogy in morphology requires the use of morphometry, which in the most general terms can be described as the measurement of the forms of animals. As defined by Reith and Meyhew (1988), it is quantitative morphology, i. e., the measurement of structures by any method, including stereology."
Color your way to understanding the human body and its systems with this interactive study guide from Coloring Concepts, designed with serious students and curious learners in mind. A rich resource for high school and college students, as well as general lifelong learners, The Human Body Coloring Book is a fun way to learn about the body and how it works. Designed for people who have never taken an anatomy class (as opposed to Coloring Concept's Anatomy Coloring Book, created specifically for medical students), this educational guide provides an introduction to the body and is based on a regional approach to anatomy versus a systemic approach. It uses Coloring Concepts's unique methodology for kinesthetic learning, which involves physically interacting with a subject to facilitate understanding. Inside you'll find more than more than 175 detailed illustrations accompanied by educational text covering various cells, organs, and systems. The book is divided into eleven sections that breakdown the body into helpful parts and functions, including the organization of the body, the tissues, an overview of regional anatomy, sensory receptors, and internal organs of the abdomen. Incredibly detailed with colorable illustrations, The Human Body Coloring Book will turn curiosity into knowledge and make learning fun!
The knowledge of the mammalian central nervous pared by Ms. Anne Dunn. I am truly grateful for system has increased dramatically during the last their contributions. decade, which has provided a major impetus for A caveat is in order for the first 5 figures in preparing the second edition of The Human Brain Chapter 10, which represent cross-sections through and Spinal Cord. For the medical profession this has different levels of the brainstem. Considering the been a revolutionary time, since modem imaging rapidly expanding reliance on in vivo imaging by the methods have provided unparalleled opportunities clinicians, figures 10-1 to 10-5 are presented with for anatomical and functional studies of the human the posterior parts of the brainstem facing down body in vivo. It is now essential for the clinician to wards, since this is the way the brainstem images have an intimate knowledge of anatomy including appear in axial MRls routinely used by neuro the functional-anatomical systems in the brain radiologists (see Chapter 5). This somewhat un and spinal cord. The new edition of this textbook conventional approach, suggested by Dr. Duane reflects this progress in the sense that almost all of Haines, is directly relevant for the transfer of basic the chapters have been rewritten and several new science information to clinical practice. All other figures have been included.
The task of updating the classification was given to the Classification and Nomenclature Committee of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists and its four subcommittees. This classification reflects the present state of knowledge and modifications are almost certain to be needed as experience accumulates. Since many of the tumours and tumour-like conditions in the classification occur in several sites in the female genital tract, cross-referencing from one site to another has been done in illustrating these lesions.
The Understanding the Hip & Knee chart presents an in-depth look at the structure of hip and knee joints. The main image shows the skeletal structure of both joints with and without ligaments. Smaller views highlight various aspects, such as menisci and cartilage. Heavy gauge 3ml lamination with sealed edges and two metal eyelets for hanging makes chart highly durable. Write-on/wipe-off with dry erase marker (not included).
Written with health professions students in mind, the Third Edition of Anatomy and Physiology for Health Professionals offers an engaging, approachable, and comprehensive overview of human anatomy and physiology. The Third Edition features a total of six multifaceted 'Units' which build upon an understanding of basic knowledge, take readers through intermediate subjects, and finally delve into complex topics that stimulate critical thinking. Heavily revised with updated content throughout, chapters include useful features, such as Common Abbreviations, Medical Terminology, the Metric System and more! Students will want to take advantage of the many resources available to reinforce learning -including Test Your Understanding questions that regularly assess comprehension, flash cards for self-study, an interactive eBook with more than 20 animations, and interactive and printable Lab Exercises and Case Studies. FEATURES Provides a comprehensive overview of human anatomy and physiology Presents content in an accessible manner targeted to health professions students Offers access to helpful animations and interactive learning tools Includes clinical images such as X-rays, CT scans and MRIs Covers the effects of aging on various body systems Offers robust end of chapter assessments for learners
During the two decades since the publication of the first edition of Histological Typing of Bone Tumours, new methods of diagnosis, es- pecially radiological imaging techniques (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging), associated with advances in the new cytomorphological methods including immunohistochemistry, DNA ploidy analysis, cytogenetic chromosomal investigation, etc., have greatly improved our diagnostic tools and treatment results. These advances are reflected by the publication of new editions of various important textbooks in recent years. In these publications classifica- tion criteria differed. In contrast, the WHO classification has been relatively unaltered, and has introduced a limited number of new entities and subdivided others because of distinct histological features and biological be- haviour. In general the framework and the concept of the original classifi- cation, as it has been widely accepted, remains essentially unchanged. The classification is based on the line of histological differentiation, in many instances reflecting the type of intercellular matrix material produced. This approach is justified because it avoids theoretical his- togenetic controversies.
International experts review the molecular biology of ion channels, diseases of the central nervous system including Alzheimer's disease, the molecular biology of atherogenesis, plasma lipproteins, lipid transport, long chain fatty acid transport and metabolism, and lipoprotein receptors. Future directions and perspectives and common features in these important areas are discussed.
This book provides a highly accessible introduction to anatomy and physiology. Written for students studying the subject for the first time, it covers the human body from the atomic and cellular levels through to all the major systems and includes chapters on blood, immunity and homeostasis. Logically presented, the chapters build on each other and are designed to develop the reader's knowledge and understanding of the human body. By the end of each chapter, the reader will understand and be able to explain how the structures and systems described are organised and contribute to the maintenance of health. Describing how illness and disease undermine the body's ability to maintain homeostasis, this text helps readers to predict and account for the consequences when this occurs. Complete with self-test questions, full colour illustrations and a comprehensive glossary, this book is an essential read for all nursing and healthcare students in both further and higher education.
Knowledge of tumours of the thyroid gland has advanced consider- ably in the 22 years that have elapsed since work was started on the first edition of Histological Typing of Thyroid Tumours. In the intro- duction to that volume it was recognized that the definitions and clas- sifications put forward would need revision in time, and the present text differs substantially from the first edition. As far as is possible, however, the framework of the classification proposed remains the same, as the original classification was widely accepted and proved useful in many studies. The link between the morphological type of thyroid tumour and its epidemiology, natural history, function, prognosis and response to therapy has been further strengthened since the first edition. In par- ticular, the decision taken to separate papillary and follicular carcino- mas and exclude a mixed papillary follicular type has been well justi- fied. One of the major changes has been the recognition that many tu- mours regarded 20 years ago as small cell carcinoma were really ma- lignant lymphoma, and this development has been incorporated into this edition, with increased importance given to primary malignant lymphoma of the thyroid. Much work has also been done on medul- lary carcinoma of the thyroid, its link with mUltiple endocrine neo- plasia syndromes, and its association in its inherited form with C-cell hyperplasia; this too is recognized by an expanded section on this tu- mour.
A new approach using comparative neuromorphology is taken in this study dealing with the organization of the efferent nuclei of cranial nerves. The authors use the cobalt labelling technique to identify neuron types and follow their presence, or absence, in different animal species. They suggest a new classification which is free from a number of controversies inherent in the classical classification. The results suggest that evolutionary changes in the center and in the innervated periphary parallel each other with increasingly complex function.
Although more than 12 years have passed since publication of the first WHO histological classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumours, the changes in this revised edition are not radical. Only one formerly recognized entity has been deleted: the monstrocellular sarcoma, because there is immuno- cytochemical evidence of its astrocytic nature. Several new tumour types have been added: the pleomorphic xanthoastro- cytoma has been generally acknowledged for almost a decade; the neurocytoma has gradually evolved as a clinical-pathological entity; and two new entries, the dysembryoplastic neuroepi- thelial tumour and the desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma, have only been characterized morphologically during the past few years. We regard the classification as an international standard to facilitate communication and have tried to avoid current con- ceptual controversies. The majority of partiCipants supported inclusion of the term "primitive neuroectodermal tumour" (pNET). However, because of our limited knowledge of the biol- ogy of embryonal CNS tumours, preference was given to use PNET selectively, rather than applying it to all small cell embryo- nal childhood tumours, irrespective of their histological pheno- type. Ependymomas and meningiomas now have new histological SUbtypes. Most of these are not associated with biological behaviour different from the parent tumour type, but their description will aid the practising pathologist to identify and classify these lesions. 2 Introduction Histological Typing Following the philosophy of this WHO series, classification is based primarily on histological assessment of cell types and tis- sue patterns recognized by conventional light microscopy.
The international symposium on transposition of the great arteries was held in Munich on May 3-5, 1991. It was organized by the German Heart Center Muni eh with two aims: firstly, to commemorate the 25th anniversary of Dr. Rashkind's publication: "Creation of an atrial septal defect without thoracotomy" (which appeared in 1966 in the Journal of the American Medical Association), and to honor this great pediatric cardiologist, who was one the pioneers of interventional catheterization. secondly, to give an overview of current medical knowledge about the pre- and postnatal diagnosis, medical and surgical treatment, and postoperative evalua- tion of transposition of the great arteries. Fig. 1. Dr. Rashkind in his Iabaratory checking his balloon catheter V This symposium brought tagether embryologists, morphologists, experts in fetal cardiology, pediatric cardiologists, and pediatric cardiac surgeons from 10 different countries. Thus, we were able to describe the current state-of-the-art of pre- and postnatal management and the surgical treatment of this second most common con- genital cyanotic anomaly of the heart. Dr. Rashkind's approach to create an atrial septal defect in the setting of com- plete transposition of the great arteries dramatically changed the natural history of this cyanotic heart defect, which carried a 90% neonatal mortality before this effec- tive palliation became available.
Three additional sections have been added in this edition in response to stu dents' suggestions. A short summary of motor deficits, a brief discussion of cra nial nerve functions and some examples of localizing signs of anatomic lesions should prove helpful in applying basic principles to clinical situations. P.A. Roberts Preface The following notes, originally known as Neuroanatomical Notations, were pre pared for the purpose of providing a quick review of some of the pertinent points that should be considered in refreshing your memory of Neuroanatomy. Obviously the booklet is not encyclopedic, and is certainly not intended as a text on the subject. However, hopefully, it will serve as a useful guide and be of aid in the task of systematically preparing for Part I of the National Boards and similar examinations. P.A. Roberts "I can't believe that " said Alice. "Can't you " The Queen said in a pitying tone. "Try again: Draw a long breath, and shut your eyes." Alice laughed, "There's no use trying," she said. "One can't believe impossible things." "I dare say you haven't had much practice," said the Queen." |
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