This, the second of two volumes on personalized medicine in lung cancer, touches upon the recent progress in targeted drug development based on genomics; emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets such as EMT, cancer stem cells, and the tumor microenvironment; current personalized clinical management and radiation therapy for lung cancers; and the promise of epigenetics and next-generation sequencing for the advancements towards personalized therapy of lung cancer patients. With chapters on state-of-the-art therapies and technologies written by leading experts working to develop novel companion diagnosis tools for the personalized treatment of lung cancer patients, this volume brings readers up-to-date by presenting the current knowledge on the efforts to make personalized management of lung cancer patients a reality.

This volume details our current understanding of the architecture and signaling capabilities of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) in health and disease. The first chapters review new insights into the assembly of BCR components and their organization on the cell surface. Subsequent contributions focus on the molecular interactions that connect the BCR with major intracellular signaling pathways such as Ca2+ mobilization, membrane phospholipid metabolism, nuclear translocation of NF-kB or the activation of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase and MAP kinases. These elements orchestrate cytoplasmic and nuclear responses as well as cytoskeleton dynamics for antigen internalization. Furthermore, a key mechanism of how B cells remember their cognate antigen is discussed in detail. Altogether, the discoveries presented provide a better understanding of B cell biology and help to explain some B cell-mediated pathogenicities, like autoimmune phenomena or the formation of B cell tumors, while also paving the way for eventually combating these diseases.

This volume seeks to understand how organisms and gene functions are influenced by environmental cues while accounting for variation that takes place within and among environmental populations and communities. Microbial Environmental Genomics (MEG) guides readers through methods to analyse the diversity of different organism types (archaea, bacteria, fungi, protists and microfauna), interactions between fungi and trees, and methods to identify and characterize functions and functional diversity of both pro- and eukaryotes. Written for the Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Microbial Environmental Genomics (MEG) will serve as a primary research reference for researchers and research managers in environmental microbiology working in the expanding field of molecular ecology and environmental genomics.

The aim of this book is to improve pyrosequencing protocols as well as instrumentation for better clinical use by describing improvements and novel applications of pyrosequencing technology. Divided into five parts, the book's thirty chapters explore advances in pyrosequencing template preparation, pyrosequencing technology innovations, multiplex pyrosequencing based on barcodes, the miniaturization of pyrosequencing equipment, as well as various applications. As part of the Springer Protocols program, chapters contain the kind of detail and practical implementation advice to guarantee successful results in the lab. Comprehensive and thorough, Advances and Clinical Practice in Pyrosequencing serves as a valuable reference for researchers who are engaged in personalized medicine, disease control, and DNA diagnosis in numerous other fields.

In a new edition, Karin Tebben presents Nordau s best-known work Degeneration ( Entartung, 1892/93), which focuses on the modern pathologies of artistic modernism. Together with Nietzsche, Nordau is one of the most influential thought leaders of a tradition that, as it developed further, had a problematic influence not only on the National Socialist organizers of the book burnings and of the Entartete Kunst (Degenerate Art) exhibition of 1937, but also on the Bolshevist persecution of the artistic modern or on Georg Lukacs polemic against the avant-garde modern."

This chart shows normal hand and wrist anatomy, including bones, ligaments, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. It illustrates and describes common acute fractures, such as Colles', Barton's, Smith's, and radial fractures. It also shows and defines injuries such as carpal tunnel syndrome, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and various finger maladies such as trigger finger, ganglion cyst, Dequarvien's tendonitis, and bursitis. Illustrations show movement of the wrist and fingers: flexion, extension, hyperextension, supination, pronation, and thumb opposition.

This book covers the basics of evoked spinal cord potentials (SCPs) with reference to studies in animals. Many illustrations help the reader grasp the neurophysiological and neuropharmacological background of spinal cord functions. Case studies offer insight into monitoring and diagnosing spinal cord dysfunctions and spinal cord diseases. The book is intended for students in clinical neurophysiology, neurosurgery, neurology, orthopedics and neuroanesthesia.

The phylontogenic theory proposes an original understanding of nose, sinus and midface formation and development by looking back in evolution for the first traces of the olfactory organ and then tracing its successive phyletic transformations to become part of the respiratory apparatus and finally the central point of human facial anatomy. Von Baer's, Darwin's, Haeckel's, Garstang's, Gould's and Buss' explorations of parallels between phylogeny and ontogeny help to trace the nose and midface story. The paradigm of existing parallels between ontogeny and phylogeny proves useful both in seeking to understand the holoprosencephalic spectrum of facial malformations (which represent radically different pathways of facial development after the life's tape has been started to run again) and in formulating hypotheses on chordate to vertebrate evolution. The phylontogenic theory leads to new medical hypotheses on nose and sinus diseases and opens the field of evolution and development-based medicine.

Survey.- Cavum Nasi and Fossa Pterygopalatina.- Sinus Sphenoidalis and Fossa Pterygopalatina.- Tuba Auditiva (Eustachii).- Pyramis (Petrous Bone, Pars Petrosa Plus Pars Tympanica).- Clivus Area and Pars Condylaris.- Special Surgical Aspects Examples.

A new era for liver anatomy has dawned. With the development of multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) in the 1990s, precise volume-rendered 3-D images could be constructed, leading to new observations. Liver anatomy has since been reevaluated from the standpoint of portal segmentation and drainage veins and includes a reclassification of the liver. Better surgical results and fewer complications have supported the rationale for the new liver anatomy. Based on the work and spirit of Team Chiba from Chiba University, this publication is a testament to the collaboration, perseverance, and innovation in the field of liver anatomy. With high regard for the early pioneers in this field, Team Chiba can be credited with pioneering its own antiviral treatment, percutaneous ethanol injection therapy, radiation therapy, and US-guided hepatic resections. It is the team's hope that the new liver anatomy will find acceptance worldwide and will contribute to the advancement of the health and welfare of mankind.

Bicycles have been a common device to enhance physical fitness level in gyms and training centers along with solid use in competitive sport. For that reason, biomechanics of cycling has grown as a research field with many publications addressing different perspective of the interaction between the cyclist and his bicycle. The most common end point of research on biomechanics of cycling is optimization of performance and reduction of injury risk. One goal of this book is to meet the growing need for a comprehensive presentation of contemporary knowledge on biomechanics of cycling which will positively influence the activity of cycling in a global fashion. In order to accomplish this purpose, ten chapters are presented with focus on varying methods for biomechanical analysis of cycling motion. The introduction section provides an overview of the main methods for assessment of cycling motion, including motion analysis, pedal force measurements, muscle activation, anthropometry and joint kinetics. These methods are discussed in depth in individual chapters followed by chapters on characteristics of bicycles and potential perspectives to improve their configuration in order to improve performance of cyclists and reduce their overuse injury risk. Moreover, a preliminary method to train technique in cyclists is shown. A final chapter provides authors perspective on the upcoming technology that should be effective in helping training of cyclists.   

The Sobotta Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy is tailored specifically to the needs of medical and health professional students. It utilizes a regional approach for learning human anatomy that integrates core concepts of anatomical structure and function with modern methods of diagnostic imaging, cross-sectional anatomy, illustrations of real world functions, clinically relevant surface anatomy and key examples of how anatomical knowledge informs clinical practice. The 'Clinical Remarks' and 'Structure/Function' sections provide important and easily identifiable practical examples, which reinforce clinical application of anatomical knowledge. Moreover, all anatomical images are accompanied by descriptive text and summary tables which serve to highlight the key concepts associated with each specific image. Key features of the atlas include: More than 1850 anatomical, radiological, cross-sectional and functional images with clinically relevant labels give you a solid grounding in human anatomy Descriptive text provides you with additional information for all images Summary tables allow you to organize valuable key concepts The regional approach to anatomy enables you to place functional, clinical and cross-sectional images in context 'Clinical Remarks' and 'Structure/Function' vignettes give you a head-start in learning anatomy in a clinically relevant manner Surface anatomy illustrations equip you with valuable knowledge for your first physical examinations The perfect study tool for courses in medicine - as well as a range of other courses, including dentistry, pharmacy, nursing, kinesiology or the movement sciences and physician assistants A unique PIN code provides you with bonus access to a complete digital copy of your atlas

Like the Sobotta Atlas of Anatomy, this textbook guides students through the anatomy in a clear, structured manner that is easy to remember. Sobotta excels at comprehensibly explaining the fascinating world of anatomy and carries you safely through every test and your initial patient interactions. Clinical Cases: Presents a relevant practical medical case as it will be encountered during rotation . It highlights how students can gain valuable insights into the case by taking structured notes during patient examination. Clinical Remarks: Indicate functional and clinical aspects that help to identify a topic's relevance and put it in context for subsequent patient diagnosis and treatment Skills Boxes: Provide a quick overview of competency-based study objectives, which help you build a contextualised knowledge useful in exams and applicable to future professional practice. Regular Note Boxes: Highlight particularly important exam knowledge to be retained throughout the book The textbook fosters integrated learning by linking macroscopic anatomy, where relevant, to embryology. The detailed chapter on the anatomy of the head makes this textbook particularly suitable for students of dental medicine. The Sobotta Anatomy Textbook enables you to develop a true contextualised understanding of the subject and thus not just pass anatomy exams, but build a foundation for your future clinical work!

Flow cytometry continually amazes scientists with its ever-expanding utility. Advances in flow cytometry have opened new directions in theoretical science, clinical diagnosis, and medical practice. The new edition of Flow Cytometry: First Principles provides a thorough update of this now classic text, reflecting innovations in the field while outlining the fundamental elements of instrumentation, sample preparation, and data analysis.

Flow Cytometry: First Principles, Second Edition explains the basic principles of flow cytometry, surveying its primary scientific and clinical applications and highlighting state-of-the-art techniques at the frontiers of research. This edition contains extensive revisions of all chapters, including new discussions on fluorochrome and laser options for multicolor analysis, an additionalsection on apoptosis in the chapter on DNA, and new chapters onintracellular protein staining and cell sorting, including high-speed sorting and alternative sorting methods, as well as traditional technology. This essential resource:

• Assumes no prior knowledge of flow cytometry
• Progresses with an informal, engaging lecture style from simpleto more complex concepts
• Offers a clear introduction to new vocabulary, principles of instrumentation, and strategies for data analysis
• Emphasizes the theory relevant to all flow cytometry, with examples from a variety of clinical and scientific fields

Flow Cytometry: First Principles, Second Edition provides scientists, clinicians, technologists, and students with the knowledge necessary for beginning the practice of flow cytometry and for understanding related literature.

This book covers new techniques in protein NMR, from basic principles to state-of-the-art research. It covers a spectrum of topics ranging from a "toolbox" for how sequence-specific resonance assignments can be obtained using a suite of 2D and 3D NMR experiments and tips on how overlap problems can be overcome. Further topics include the novel applications of Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization methods (DNP), assessing protein structure, and aspects of solid-state NMR of macroscopically aligned membrane proteins. This book is an ideal resource for students and researchers in the fields of biochemistry, chemistry, and pharmacology and NMR physics. Comprehensive and intuitively structured, this book examines protein NMR and new novel applications that include the latest technological advances. This book also has the features of: * A selection of various applications and cutting-edge advances, such as novel applications of Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization methods (DNP) and a suite of 2D and 3D NMR experiments and tips on how overlap problems can be overcome * A pedagogical approach to the methodology * Engaging the reader and student with a clear, yet critical presentation of the applications

This is by far the most exhaustive biography on Niels Stensen, anatomist, geologist and bishop, better known as "Nicolaus Steno". We learn about the scientist's family and background in Lutheran Denmark, of his teachers at home and abroad, of his studies and travels in the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Italy, Austria, Hungary, Bohemia and Germany, of his many pioneering achievements in anatomy and geology, of his encounters with Swammerdam, Malpighi and with members of the newly established Royal Society of London and the Accademia del Cimento in Florence, and with the philosopher Spinoza. It further treats Stensen's religious conversion. The book includes the full set of Steno's anatomical and geological scientific papers in original language. The editors thoroughly translated the original Latin text to English, and included numerous footnotes on the background of this bibliographic and scientific treasure from the 17th century.

This new volume provides a concise overview of the most basic and exciting chapters of comparative medicine with regards to physiology and function in healthy individuals. The book includes core concepts in anatomy and physiology in human and animal models, which are key to understanding comparative medicine and to making contributions to research in this area. While writing this book, the authors were in constant interdisciplinary dialogue. They aim to contribute to improvements in quality of life for human and animal patients.

The Micro-Tomographic Atlas of the Mouse Skeleton provides a unique systematic description of all calcified components of the mouse. It includes about 200 high resolution, two and three dimensional m CT images of the exterior and interiors of all bones and joints. In addition, the spatial relationship of bones within complex skeletal units is also described. The images are accompanied by detailed explanatory text, thus highlighting special features and newly reported structures. The Atlas fulfils an emerging need for a comprehensive reference to assist both trained and in-training researchers.

A tiny scrap of genetic information determines our sex; it also consigns many of us to a life of disease, directs or disrupts the everyday working of our bodies, and forces women to live as genetic chimeras. The culprit--so necessary and yet the source of such upheaval--is the X chromosome, and this is its story. An enlightening and entertaining tour of the cultural and natural history of this intriguing member of the genome, "The X in Sex" traces the journey toward our current understanding of the nature of X. From its chance discovery in the nineteenth century to the promise and implications of ongoing research, David Bainbridge shows how the X evolved and where it and its counterpart Y are going, how it helps assign developing human babies their sex--and maybe even their sexuality--and how it affects our lives in infinitely complex and subtle ways. X offers cures for disease, challenges our cultural, ethical, and scientific assumptions about maleness and femaleness, and has even reshaped our views of human evolution and human nature.