The Understanding the Stomach chart presents an overview of a major component of the digestive system. The internal structure of the stomach and stomach lining are covered, as well as common disorders. Heavy cover stock with protective varnish for durability.

Clinically focused, consistently and clearly illustrated, and logically organized, Gray's Atlas of Anatomy, the companion resource to the popular Gray's Anatomy for Students, presents a vivid, visual depiction of anatomical structures. Stunning illustrations demonstrate the correlation of structures with clinical images and surface anatomy - essential for proper identification in the dissection lab and successful preparation for course exams. Build on your existing anatomy knowledge with structures presented from a superficial to deep orientation, representing a logical progression through the body. Identify the various anatomical structures of the body and better understand their relationships to each other with the visual guidance of nearly 1,000 exquisitely illustrated anatomical figures. Visualize the clinical correlation between anatomical structures and surface landmarks with surface anatomy photographs overlaid with anatomical drawings. Recognize anatomical structures as they present in practice through more than 270 clinical images - including laparoscopic, radiologic, surgical, ophthalmoscopic, otoscopic, and other clinical views - placed adjacent to anatomic artwork for side-by-side comparison. Gain a more complete understanding of the inguinal region in women through a brand-new, large-format illustration, as well as new imaging figures that reflect anatomy as viewed in the modern clinical setting. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices - as well as dissection videos and self-assessment questions and answers.

This image-rich book explores the practice as well as the theory of visual representation and presents us with the importance of designing appropriate images for communication to specific target audiences. This includes the appropriate choice of high-tech digital or low-tech analogue technologies in image-making for communication within the medical education, biological research and community health contexts. We hear from medical students about the value of using clay modelling in their understanding of anatomy, from educators and curriculum designers about visual affordances in medical education and from a community-driven project in South Africa about their innovative use of locally designed images and culture-specific narratives for communicating important health information to marginalised communities. A chapter explores the evolution of scientific visualisation and representation of big data to a variety of audiences, and another presents the innovative 3D construction of internal cellular structures from microscopic 2D slices. As we embrace blended learning in anatomy education, a timely chapter prompts us to think further about and contribute to the ongoing discourse around important ethical considerations in the use and sharing of digital images of body donors. This book will appeal to educators, medical illustrators, curriculum designers, post-graduate students, community health practitioners and biomedical researchers.

This chart shows base and right side views of arteries of the brain as well as venous sinuses. It illustrates cerebral hemispheres, lobes of the brain, cross-section of meninges and venous sinuses, typical nerve cell, typical glial cells, and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.

The term cytoskeleton in muscle and nonmuscle cells refers to fibrous proteins that are directly or indirectly associated with cell shape, contractility, and/or motility. These cytoskeletal elements include microtubules and associated proteins, microfilaments and their binding proteins, and lastly, intermediate filaments. Even though the structure and function of myosin and tro- pomyosin have been extensively investigated in muscle ceIls, considerably less is known about their functions in nonmuscle ceIls; they are often referred to generically as actin-binding proteins, as are a-actinin, filamin, vinculin, and others. Indeed, most nonmuscle researchers are unaware that the term intermedi- ate filament was derived from the observation that the diameter of intermedi- ate filaments is intermediate between those of actin (5 nm) and myosin (15 nm) and not intermediate between those of actin (5 nm) and microtubules (25 nm). It has therefore been the purpose of this series to attempt to bridge the communication gap that appears to exist between muscle and nonmuscle researchers. For those students and active scientists who are faced with the task of absorbing new data and concepts at an ever-accelerating rate, review essays are an excellent way to keep up. The essays in this volume, as weIl as in the previous ones, focus on topics of current interest. They are intended to be critical rather than exhaustive.

This book is in many ways a sequel to The Biochemistry ojGlycoproteins and Proteoglycans. The enormous recent progress in understanding the biological roles of glycoproteins has prompted the present volume. The reasons for studying glycoproteins have multiplied, and in the present volume the roles played by glycoproteins are explored in a variety of biological situations. The first two chapters describe molecules involved in cell-substratum and cell-cell interactions in a broad sense, and also focus on recent progress in identifying specific attachment molecules. Our understanding of how normal processes, such as cellular differentiation and tissue organization, are regulated is dependent on understanding how cells interact with the extracellular matrix. When these processes go awry the consequences can be tragic, for example, when manifest as birth de fects and cancer. Our ability to devise appropriate therapies is in many cases limited by our understanding of such cell-matrix interactions. The third chapter explores the roles by glycoproteins during early mammalian development. The carbohydrate portions c1early play very important roles in presenting information during early embryogenesis, and an unusual tumor stern cell, the embryonal carcinoma, looks very promising in pro viding an experimental system for understanding how the expression of these complex carbohydrate determinants is regulated. The next three chapters explore the biology of glycoproteins in distinct situations: in the immune system, in the nervous system, and during erythropoiesis."

Ion channels allow us to see nature in all its magnificence, to hear a Bach suite, to smell the aroma of grandmother's cooking, and, in this regard, they put us in contact with the external world. These ion channels are protein molecules located in the cell membrane. In complex organisms, cells need to communicate in order to know about their metabolic status and to act in a coordinate manner. The latter is also accomplished by a class of ion channels able to pierce the lipid bilayer membranes of two adjacent cells. These intercellular channels are the functional subunits of gap junctions. Accordingly, the book is divided in two parts: the first part is dedicated to ion channels that look to the external world, and the second part is dedicated to gap junctions found at cell interfaces. This book is based on a series of symposia for a meeting on ion channels and gap junctions held in Santiago, Chile, on November 28-30, 1995. The book should be useful to graduate students taking the first steps in this field as well as a reference for the aficionado. The aim of the meeting was mainly to show the impact of various modern techniques, including cell biology, molecular biology, biophysics, and molecular genetics techniques in the study of these ubiquitous intrinsic membrane proteins. Molecular-genetics techniques paved the road to the manipulation of the channel forming molecules.

Epithelial cells are present in many different tissues in the body, and possess a diverse number of functional properties. However, all epithelial cells share some common characteristics. The cells possess a morphological polarity (an-apical and basolateral surface), and are interconnected by tight junctions. The epithelial cells also possess the capacity to transport select solutes across the monolayer. Transport systems localized on either the apical or basolateral surface are respon sible for this vectorial transport. Such characteristics of epithelial cells can be examined in the tissue culture situation. This volume discusses the use of cell culture techniques to study these fundamental properties of epithelial cells. Ma jor questions concerning epithelia which may be examined in culture are ad dressed. The approaches which are taken to answer these questions are described in detail with regards to kidney cell cultures. Similar investigations may be done with epithelial cell cultures derived from other tissues, following the kidney cell culture paradigm."

This volume contains papers that were presented and discussed at The 1996 Interna tional Symposium on Programmed Cell Death, which was held in the Shanghai Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on September 8-12, 1996. Apoptosis has attracted great attention in the past several years. This is reflected in part by the exponential increase in the number of papers published on the subject. While several major scientific conferences have been held in recent years, this meeting repre sents the first major international scientific meeting on programmed cell death held in Asia, where fast economic growth promises a bright future for both basic and applied re search in biomedical sciences. We organized the meeting with the belief that such a gath ering would foster a closer interaction between scientists from the West and those in Asia. Research on programmed cell death has expanded so extensively that no one meet ing can cover all the important subjects related to apoptosis. The Shanghai meeting fo cused on several key areas ranging from well-established ones, such as cell death in the immune system, to emerging ones, such as the role ofECM in regUlating cell fate. Specifi cally, the subjects presented and discussed included programmed cell death during devel opment, the regulation and biochemical mechanisms of lymphocyte apoptosis, the involvement of extracellular matrix and its remodeling in programmed cell death, genes that cause or prevent cell death, and the application of apoptosis toward cancer therapy."

This volume, the sixth of the series, represents the natural counterpart of the previous volume, Ultra structure of the Digestive Tract. Unlike the latter, however, whose contents fell entirely within the domains of gastroenterology, Ultrastructure of the Extraparietal Glands of the Digestive Tract encom passes a few cognate sciences, such as hepatology, pancreatology, and even oral biology, which are usually dealt with separately. This allows, starting from cell biology, embryology, and comparative anatomy, a comprehensive survey of organs that have much in common both structurally and functionally. The chapters of this book have been compiled by well-known experts in the field with the aim not only of reviewing and pointing out the state of the art of the subject covered, but also of giving directions for future work. Furthermore, through the integration of electron microscopy with immunocytochemistry, autoradiography, freeze fracture, maceration, enzymatic digestion, etc., and by providing superb illus trative material, the authors substantiate the pivotal role played by modern morphology in under standing human physiology and pathology. In fact, it must be stressed, that a consistent part of the tissues studied here are from human origin. We believe that this volume should be read, not only by scientists and teachers active in the field, but also by a larger audience of students and professionals interested in knowing the scientific foundations of biomedicine."

Biomechanics of the Brain will present an introduction to brain anatomy for engineers and scientists. Experimental techniques such as brain imaging and brain tissue mechanical property measurement will be discussed, as well as computational methods for neuroimage analysis and modeling of brain deformations due to impacts and neurosurgical interventions. Brain trauma between the different sexes will be analyzed. Applications will include prevention and diagnosis of traumatic injuries, such as shaken baby syndrome, neurosurgical simulation and neurosurgical guidance, as well as brain structural disease modeling for diagnosis and prognosis. This book will be the first book on brain biomechanics. It will provide a comprehensive source of information on this important field for students, researchers, and medical professionals in the fields of computer-aided neurosurgery, head injury, and basic biomechanics.

Each volume in this richly illustrated series - Cytohistology of Small Tissue Samples, sponsored by the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology - provides an organ-based approach to the cytological and histological diagnosis of small tissue samples including fine-needle aspiration biopsy, cell block samples and core, pinch and forceps biopsies. Benign, pre- malignant and malignant entities are presented in a well- organized and standardized format supported with high- resolution color photomicrographs, tables, tabulated specific morphologic criteria and appropriate ancillary testing algorithms. Example vignettes allow the reader to assimilate the diagnostic principles in a case-based format. This unique series strengthens the bridge between surgical pathology and cytopathology, providing the pathologist with the ability to diagnose small tissue samples with confidence. Bridges cytologic and surgical diagnoses in lesions of the head and neck Richly illustrated with over 250 high-quality color images and a DVD-ROM containing all images in a downloadable format Includes numerous clinical vignettes, offering a valuable case-based approach to diagnosis

It is a strange fact that many modern cell biochemists have a keen interest in biosynthetic processes, such as protein and nucleic biosynthesis or organelle biogenesis, but tend to regard degradative processes merely as irritating reactions that disrupt the flow of synthetic reactions. Historically, the elucidation of catabolic pathways preceded that of anabolic pathways, so that there is also a tendency to regard work on proteases, phospholipases, nucleases, etc., as somewhat "old-fashioned. " It is the great contribution of Professor Luzikov's book to show that, at least in the case of mito- chondrial research, the separation of studies on anabolic and cata- bolic processes has been very harmful. In an extremely erudite and measured way, the author carefully develops the argument that we can only understand mitochondrial biogenesis fully if we take into account the role of degradative processes. The action of lytic enzymes is shown not to be a random affair, but rather a process that is fully integrated into the process of mitochondrial assembly. A second important contribution of this book is the fact that it contains a masterly review of the fundamental literature on mitochon- drial structure, function, breakdown and synthesis presented in an integrated and logical manner.

Anatomy for Dental Students, Fourth Edition, demonstrates and explains all the anatomy needed for a modern dentistry undergraduate course. This text covers developmental anatomy, the thorax, the central nervous system, and the head and neck with an emphasis on the practical application of anatomical knowledge. This new edition has been extensively revised and updated in line with contemporary teaching and dental practice. Over 300 new full colour diagrams map all the anatomical regions that dental students need to know, while the lively and accessible text guides the reader's learning. Throughout Clinical Application Boxes demonstrate how the form and function of anatomy have consequences for clinical practice. Side-lines boxes contain additional descriptions for key anatomical structures. This text is supported by an Online Resource Centre with multiple choice questions, drag and drop figure exercises, and links to key resources to help readers to consolidate and extend their knowledge of anatomy. Anatomy for Dental Students brings together anatomical structure, function, and their relationship to clinical practice, making ideal for today's dental students.

Venous valves rank among the smallest and most delicate organs of the human and animal bodies - so why devote an entire book to them? We were induced to do so by several reasons. First of all we would point out the clinical significance of venous valves. In the pathogenesis of a number of widespread diseases, such as varicose veins or the post-thrombotic syndrome, venous valves are involved as the underlying cause or at least a factor contributory to the symptoms. According to Taheri et al. these venous diseases occur ten times more frequently than arterial obliterations. Incompetence of venous valves also plays a causal role in varicocele, the most frequent cause of male infertility. But not only pathogenetic reasons induced us to write this book. In more recent times there has been a growing tendency to reconstruct functional valve disorders therapeutically; several surgical methods have been developed, which are critically reviewed in this book. It was our aim to sum up existing knowledge with respect to structure and function of venous valves and to expand that knowl edge by findings of our own. Examinations of semi-thin sections and unilayered en-face preparations have hardly been published so far, and systematic studies of the ultrastructure by electron-microscopy were not to be found in the literature. We are very grateful, therefore, to Dr. Silvana Geleff for having undertaken such a study upon our suggestion."

To create a forum for scientists and clinicians interested in degenerative retinal diseases, we began in 1984 to organize a biennial symposium on Retinal Degeneration as a satellite meeting of the International Congress of Eye Research. The timing and varying location of these meetings provides an important assembly for investigators from throughout the world to convene for presentation of their new findings on the causes and potential therapies for degenerative retinal disorders. The VIII International Symposium on Retinal Degeneration was held from July 28-25, 1998, at the Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten in Schluchsee, a small town in the Black Forest of southwestern Germany. Most of the participants in this meeting contributed to this volume, and we are appreciative of the efforts of each author in making this publication possible. The research presented at the meeting, and described in this proceedings volume, reflects a strong emphasis on the molecular genetic approach to understa- ing these disorders. Several of the papers provide important new insights into the mechanism of photoreceptor degeneration and cell death. A number of the studies are targeted at retarding or reversing the degeneration process. Included for the first time are presentations from all the principal laboratories involved in the field of visual prostheses-implant (chip) technology-in which investigations are targeted at restoring vision in eyes that have lost photoreceptor cells. A variety of diagnostic, clinical, histopathological, and physiological assessments of retinal degeneration in patients are also included.

Up to about twenty-five years ago, virtually the entire field of microscopy could be overseen and even practized by any active research worker. The rapid evolution which microscopy in its broadest sense has since undergone and which has contributed greatly to our insight in many fields of biological science and medicine has, however, lead to a progressive specialisation. Both experienced investigators in clinical and biological laboratories and post graduate students, confronted with a limited number of microscopic tech niques in their daily research work, have increasing difficulty in keeping (or obtaining) a general idea of the many time-honoured and new possibilities which microscopy has to offer. This book has been written with the aim of presenting general informa tion on light microscopic techniques, at a level somewhere in between booklets like those provided by microscope manufacturers (which are often too much focussed on the production program of a particular make) and very advanced treatises with a thorough mathematical treatment of all phenomena concerned. The physically oriented texts moreover often do not sufficiently take into account the practical situation in a medical or biolog ical laboratory; on the other hand, the value of really understanding what one is doing in using a microscopic technique is often underestimated. At tempt has been made, therefore, to present sufficient background informa tion necessary for a rational application of the different microscopical tech niques in their mutual relationship."