This book summarizes the various microfluidic-based approaches for single-cell capture, isolation, manipulation, culture and observation, lysis, and analysis. Single-cell analysis reveals the heterogeneities in morphology, functions, composition, and genetic performance of seemingly identical cells, and advances in single-cell analysis can overcome the difficulties arising due to cell heterogeneity in the diagnostics for a targeted model of disease. This book provides a detailed review of the state-of-the-art techniques presenting the pros and cons of each of these methods. It also offers lessons learned and tips from front-line investigators to help researchers overcome bottlenecks in their own studies. Highlighting a number of techniques, such as microfluidic droplet techniques, combined microfluidics-mass-spectrometry systems, and nanochannel sampling, it describes in detail a new microfluidic chip-based live single-cell extractor (LSCE) developed in the editor's laboratory, which opens up new avenues to use open microfluidics in single-cell extraction, single-cell mass spectrometric analysis, single-cell adhesion analysis and subcellular operations. Serving as both an elementary introduction and advanced guidebook, this book interests and inspires scholars and students who are currently studying or wish to study microfluidics-based cell analysis methods.

This book introduces medical imaging, its security requirements, and various security mechanisms using data hiding approaches. The book in particular provides medical data hiding techniques using various advanced image transforms and encryption methods. The book focuses on two types of data hiding techniques: steganography and watermarking for medical images. The authors show how these techniques are used for security and integrity verification of medical images and designed for various types of medical images such as grayscale image and color image. The implementation of techniques are done using discrete cosine transform (DCT), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), singular value decomposition (SVD), redundant DWT (RDWT), fast discrete curvelet transform (FDCuT), finite ridgelet transform (FRT) and non-subsampled contourlet transform (NSCT). The results of these techniques are also demonstrated after description of each technique. Finally, some future research directions are provided for security of medical images in telemedicine application.

Data integrity is fundamental in a pharmaceutical and medical devices quality system. This book provides practical information to enable compliance with data integrity, while highlighting and efficiently integrating worldwide regulation into the subject. The ideas presented in this book are based on many years' experience in regulated industries in various computer systems development, maintenance, and quality functions. In addition to case studies, a practical approach will be presented to increase efficiency and to ensure that the design and testing of the data integrity controls are correctly achieved.

This volume gives an overview on recent developments for various applications of modern engineering design. Different engineering disciplines such as mechanical, materials, computer and process engineering provide the foundation for the design and development of improved structures, materials and processes. The modern design cycle is characterized by an interaction of different disciplines and a strong shift to computer-based approaches where only a few experiments are performed for verification purposes. A major driver for this development is the increased demand for cost reduction, which is also connected to environmental demands. In the transportation industry (e.g. automotive or aerospace), this is connected with the demand for higher fuel efficiency, which is related to the operational costs and the lower harm for the environment. One way to fulfil such requirements are lighter structures and/or improved processes for energy conversion. Another emerging area is the interaction of classical engineering with the health and medical sector. In this book, many examples of the mentioned design applications are presented.

This transformative textbook, first of its kind to incorporate engineering principles into medical education and practice, will be a useful tool for physicians, medical students, biomedical engineers, biomedical engineering students, and healthcare executives. The central approach of the proposed textbook is to provide principles of engineering as applied to medicine and guide the medical students and physicians in achieving the goal of solving medical problems by engineering principles and methodologies. For the medical students and physicians, this proposed textbook will train them to "think like an engineer and act as a physician". The textbook contains a variety of teaching techniques including class lectures, small group discussions, group projects, and individual projects, with the goals of not just helping students and professionals to understand the principles and methods of engineering, but also guiding students and professionals to develop real-life solutions. For the biomedical engineers and biomedical engineering students, this proposed textbook will give them a large framework and global perspective of how engineering principles could positively impact real-life medicine. To the healthcare executives, the goal of this book is to provide them general guidance and specific examples of applying engineering principles in implementing solution-oriented methodology to their healthcare enterprises. Overall goals of this book are to help improve the overall quality and efficiency of healthcare delivery and outcomes.

This book focuses on state-of-the-art microfluidic research in medical and biological applications. The top-level researchers in this research field explain carefully and clearly what can be done by using microfluidic devices. Beginners in the field -undergraduates, engineers, biologists, medical researchers-will easily learn to understand microfluidic-based medical and biological applications. Because a wide range of topics is summarized here, it also helps experts to learn more about fields outside their own specialties. The book covers many interesting subjects, including cell separation, protein crystallization, single-cell analysis, cell diagnosis, point-of-care testing, immunoassay, embyos/worms on a chip and organ-on-a-chip. Readers will be convinced that microfluidic devices have great potential for medical and biological applications.

The layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition technique is a versatile approach for preparing nanoscale multimaterial films: the fabrication of multicomposite films by the LbL procedure allows the combination of literally hundreds of different materials with nanometer thickness in a single device to obtain novel or superior performance. In the last 15 years the LbL technique has seen considerable developments and has now reached a point where it is beginning to find applications in bioengineering and biomedical engineering. The book gives a thorough overview of applications of the LbL technique in the context of bioengineering and biomedical engineering where the last years have witnessed tremendous progress. The first part familiarizes the reader with the specifics of cell-film interactions that need to be taken into account for successful application of the LbL method in biological environments. The second part focuses on LbL-derived small drug delivery systems and antibacterial agents, and the third part covers nano- and microcapsules as drug carriers and biosensors. The fourth and last part focuses on larger-scale biomedical applications of the LbL method such as engineered tissues and implant coatings.

This book explores the recent advancements in cutting-edge techniques and applications of Biotechnology. It provides an overview of prospects and applications while emphasizing modern, and emerging areas of Biotechnology. The chapters are dedicated to various field of Biotechnology including, genome editing, probiotics, in-silico drug designing, nanoparticles and its applications, molecular diagnostics, tissue engineering, cryopreservation, and antioxidants. It is useful for both academicians and researchers in the various disciplines of life sciences, agricultural sciences, medicine, and Biotechnology in Universities, Research Institutions, and Biotech companies. This book provides the readers with a comprehensive knowledge of topics in Genomics, Bionanotechnology, Drug Designing, Diagnostics, Therapeutics, Food and Environmental Biotechnology. The chapters have been written with special reference to the latest developments in the frontier areas of Biotechnology that impacts the Biotech industries.

A review of the literature on the environmental health implications of the developing nanotechnology industry shows that the potential problem of exposure to airborne nanoparticles has not been adequately assessed. The health and safety of nanotechnology workers is of concern because these groups are likely to be exposed to elevated concentrations of nanomaterials. A gap exists between currently available particle measurement methods and those appropriate for nanoaerosol exposure assessment.
Nanoparticles in Humans: Experiments, Methods and Strategies presents new ideas, methods, and experimental results to measure the surface area and local deposition of nanoparticles in lungs and the true effectiveness of respirators. It includes a nanoparticles dosimetric road map that can be used as a general strategy for the assessment of dose, which is the most important physical cause of health effect in case of nanoparticles exposure.
This book proposes the 1 nm radioactive particle, called unattached activity of radon progeny, which can be used as a useful and safe experimental tool for nanoparticles study, including human study. Such ideas have not been presented in other publications before. It discusses problems related to the general strategy of risk assessment in nanoparticles exposure and concrete parameters related to dosage, which is the main cause of the health effects associated with nanoparticles.
The book uniquely uses graphs and diagrams to build an understanding of the methods for measuring the surface area and local deposition of nanoparticles in lungs and the effectiveness of respirators in case of nanoparticles exposure.

This reference work offers a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, properties and biomedical applications of functional biopolymers. Chapters from expert contributors cover topics such as synthetic biopolymers, blood-compatible polymers, ophthalmic polymers and stimuli responsive polymers. An up-to-date review of cell encapsulation strategies and cell surface and tissue engineering is also included in this work, and readers will discover more about hydrogels and polymers from renewable resources. Edited by an international team of experts in the field, this reference work will appeal to researchers, scientists, and practitioners working in this field, or entering this vibrant research area.

This volume presents a new contribution for the field of Tissue Engineering with a focus on the development of mathematical and computational methods that are relevant to understand human tissues, as well to model, design, and fabricate optimized and smart scaffolds.The multidisciplinary character of this field has motivated contributions from different areas with a common objective to replace damaged tissues and organs by healthy ones. This work treats tissue healing approaches, mathematic modelling for scaffold design and bio fabrication methods, giving the reader a broad view of the state of the art in Tissue Engineering. The present book contains contributions from recognized researchers in the field, who were keynote speakers in the Fourth International Conference on Tissue Engineering, held in Lisbon in 2015, and covering different aspects of Tissue Engineering. The book is strongly connected with the conference series of ECCOMAS Thematic Conferences on Tissue Engineering, an event that brings together a considerable number of researchers from all over the world, representing several fields of study related to Tissue Engineering.

This book provides an in-depth description and discussion of different multi-modal diagnostic techniques for cancer detection and treatment using exact optical methods, their comparison, and combination. Coverage includes detailed descriptions of modern state of design for novel methods of optical non-invasive cancer diagnostics; multi-modal methods for earlier cancer diagnostic enhancing the probability of effective cancer treatment; modern clinical trials with novel methods of clinical cancer diagnostics; medical and technical aspects of clinical cancer diagnostics, and long-term monitoring. Biomedical engineers, cancer researchers, and scientists will find the book to be an invaluable resource. Introduces optical imaging strategies; Focuses on multimodal optical diagnostics as a fundamental approach; Discusses novel methods of optical non-invasive cancer diagnostics.

This book provides a concise overview of VR systems and their cybersickness effects, giving a description of possible reasons and existing solutions to reduce or avoid them. Moreover, the book explores the impact that understanding how efficiently our brains are producing a coherent and rich representation of the perceived outside world would have on helping VR technics to be more efficient and friendly to use. Getting Rid of Cybersickness will help readers to understand the underlying technics and social stakes involved, from engineering design to autonomous vehicle motion sickness to video games, with the hope of providing an insight of VR sickness induced by the emerging immersive technologies. This book will therefore be of interest to academics, researchers and designers within the field of VR, as well as industrial users of VR and driving simulators.

Biomechanics covers a wide field such as organ mechanics, tissue mechanics, cell mechanics to molecular mechanics. At the 6th World Congress of Biomechanics WCB 2010 in Singapore, authors presented the largest experimental studies, technologies and equipment. Special emphasis was placed on state-of-the-art technology and medical applications. This volume presents the Proceedings of the 6th WCB 2010 which was hold in conjunction with 14th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (ICBME) & 5th Asia Pacific Conference on Biomechanics (APBiomech). The peer reviewed scientific papers are arranged in the six themes Organ Mechanics, Tissue Mechanics, Cell Mechanics, Molecular Mechanics, Materials, Tools, Devices & Techniques, Special Topics.

This book discusses genome-based strategies to provide a holistic understanding of yeasts in Human Health and as model organisms in basic research or industrial production. Using numerous Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and various non-conventional yeast species isolated from diverse origins, it describes essential biological processes, the biotechnological exploitation of yeast and pathogenesis control. It also demonstrates how functional and comparative genomics and the development of genome engineering tools are used in modern yeast research. The use of yeasts as experimental eukaryotic models increasingly gained prominence when several Nobel Prizes in Physiology/Medicine and Chemistry were awarded for innovative research, using yeast strains to elucidate molecular mechanisms in a wide range of human physiological processes and diseases, such as autophagy, cell cycle regulation and telomerase activity. This book offers useful insights for scientists in yeast research, clinical scientists working with yeast infectious models and for industrial researchers using applied microbiology.

This book describes the development of quantitative techniques for ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging in the assessment of architectural and vascular parameters. It presents morphological vascular research based on the development of quantitative imaging techniques for the use of clinical B-mode ultrasound images, and preclinical architectural vascular investigations on quantitative imaging techniques for ultrasounds and photoacoustics. The book is divided into two main parts, the first of which focuses on the development and validation of quantitative techniques for the assessment of vascular morphological parameters that can be extracted from B-mode ultrasound longitudinal images of the common carotid artery. In turn, the second part highlights quantitative imaging techniques for assessing the architectural parameters of vasculature that can be extracted from 3D volumes, using both contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging and photoacoustic imaging without the addition of any contrast agent. Sharing and summarizing the outcomes of this important research, the book will be of interest to a broad range of researchers and practitioners in the fields of medical imaging and biomedical engineering.

Presents the proceedings of the World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering in Beijing: Promoting Health through Technology The congress's unique structure represents the two dimensions of technology and medicine: 13 themes on science and medical technologies intersect with five challenging main topics of medicine to create a maximum of synergy and integration of aspects on research, development and application. Each of the congress themes was chaired by two leading experts. The themes address specific topics of medicine and technology that provide multiple and excellent opportunities for exchanges.

For physicians and therapists working with paraplegic patients, this work outlines a FES rehabilitation programme for limited unbraced walking with a walker. Based on 12 years of development and testing, it provides patient data, acceptance criteria, medical observations and training outcomes.

The textbook is based on the lectures of the course "Synthetic Biology" for Master's students in biology and biotechnology at the Harbin Institute of Technology. The goal of the textbook is to explain how to make mathematical models of synthetic gene circuits that will, later on, drive the circuit implementation in the lab. Concepts such as kinetics, circuit dynamics and equilibria, stochastic and deterministic simulations, parameter analysis and optimization are presented. At the end of the textbook, a chapter contains a description of structural motifs (e.g. positive and negative feedback loops, Boolean gates) that carry out specific functions and can be combined into larger networks. Moreover, several chapters show how to build up (an analyse, where possible) models for synthetic gene circuits with four different open-source software i.e. COPASI, XPPAUT, BioNetGeN, and Parts & Pools-ProMoT.

This book summarizes the recent advances in the science and engineering of polymer-gel-based materials in different fields. It also discusses the extensive research developments for the next generation of smart materials. It takes an in-depth look at the current perspectives and market opportunities while pointing to new possibilities and applications. The book addresses important topics such as stimuli responsive polymeric nanoparticles for cancer therapy; polymer gel containing metallic materials; chemotherapeutic applications in oncology; conducting polymer-based gels and their applications in biological sensors; imprinted polymeric gels for pharmaceutical and biomedical purposes; applications of biopolymeric gels in the agricultural sector; application of polymer gels and their nanocomposites in electrochemistry; smart polyelectrolyte gels as a platform for biomedical applications; agro-based polymer gels and their application in purification of industrial water wastes; polymer gel composites for bio-applications. It will be of interest to researchers working in both industry and academia.

Biomaterials Science and Technology: Fundamentals and Developments presents a broad scope of the field of biomaterials science and technology, focusing on theory, advances, and applications. It reviews the fabrication and properties of different classes of biomaterials such as bioinert, bioactive, and bioresorbable, in addition to biocompatibility. It further details traditional and recent techniques and methods that are utilized to characterize major properties of biomaterials. The book also discusses modifications of biomaterials in order to tailor properties and thus accommodate different applications in the biomedical engineering fields and summarizes nanotechnology approaches to biomaterials. This book targets students in advanced undergraduate and graduate levels in majors related to fields of Chemical Engineering, Materials Engineering and Science, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, and Life Sciences. It assists in understanding major concepts of fabrication, modification, and possible applications of different classes of biomaterials. It is also intended for professionals who are interested in recent advances in the emerging field of biomaterials.

This book provides a glimpse into the life and work of Robert Langer, an amazing scientist, inventor and entrepreneur. Growing up in Albany, New York, Langer developed a passion for mathematics. While he was pretty good at science, he was very good at math. He went on to receive his BA in chemical engineering from Cornell University and his Doctorate of Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. As a graduate student at MIT, he was involved in teaching underprivileged high school dropouts, his goal: to make math and science interesting.Langer's research laboratory at MIT is the largest biomedical engineering lab in the world. He has authored more than 1300 papers and holds more than 1080 patents. His patents have been licensed or sublicensed to more than 250 companies. A selection of 53 key papers and 50 patents are included in this book.Langer has pioneered many new technologies, including controlled release system and is regarded as the founder of tissue engineering in the field of regenerative medicine. However, his success did not come easily. He struggled in the late 1970s and early 1980s because scientists, especially established scientists, did not believe in his research. To obtain his first patent, Langer scoured existing literature and found a paper published by five famous chemists and chemical engineers that said his results were surprising and went against conventional thinking. He managed to get the patent after the five researchers confirmed that they really wrote the paper.The introductory chapter of the book gives an account of Langer's struggles as well as triumphs as he pursued research in biotechnology and tissue engineering in an effort to 'make the world a better place and transform human healthcare.' The book will appeal to both students and scientists.

This book provides a glimpse into the life and work of Robert Langer, an amazing scientist, inventor and entrepreneur. Growing up in Albany, New York, Langer developed a passion for mathematics. While he was pretty good at science, he was very good at math. He went on to receive his BA in chemical engineering from Cornell University and his Doctorate of Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. As a graduate student at MIT, he was involved in teaching underprivileged high school dropouts, his goal: to make math and science interesting.Langer's research laboratory at MIT is the largest biomedical engineering lab in the world. He has authored more than 1300 papers and holds more than 1080 patents. His patents have been licensed or sublicensed to more than 250 companies. A selection of 53 key papers and 50 patents are included in this book.Langer has pioneered many new technologies, including controlled release system and is regarded as the founder of tissue engineering in the field of regenerative medicine. However, his success did not come easily. He struggled in the late 1970s and early 1980s because scientists, especially established scientists, did not believe in his research. To obtain his first patent, Langer scoured existing literature and found a paper published by five famous chemists and chemical engineers that said his results were surprising and went against conventional thinking. He managed to get the patent after the five researchers confirmed that they really wrote the paper.The introductory chapter of the book gives an account of Langer's struggles as well as triumphs as he pursued research in biotechnology and tissue engineering in an effort to 'make the world a better place and transform human healthcare.' The book will appeal to both students and scientists.

This book explains how the biological systems and their functions are driven by genetic information stored in the DNA, and their expression driven by different factors. The soft computing approach recognizes the different patterns in DNA sequence and try to assign the biological relevance with available information.The book also focuses on using the soft-computing approach to predict protein-protein interactions, gene expression and networks. The insights from these studies can be used in metagenomic data analysis and predicting artificial neural networks.

Bioinspired concepts are becoming increasingly integrated into materials and devices intended for medical applications. Biological organisms evolve within specific environmental constraints, giving rise to elegant and efficient strategies for fabricating materials that often outperform man-made materials of similar composition. A main goal of the interdisciplinary field of bioinspired materials is to unlock the secrets of this process-the composition, processing, self-assembly, hierarchical organization, and properties of biological materials-and use this information to synthesize and engineer novel functional materials for a variety of practical applications. The authors are from a variety of scientific disciplines, including biology, biochemistry, chemistry, physics, materials science, mechanical engineering, and bioengineering. This book will appeal to readers interested in the cross-disciplinary fertilization of new ideas in this emerging field. The first volume of this book includes sections focused on the bioinspired approaches using biological macromolecules including poly(nucleic acids), polypeptides, and the derivatives. Both volumes cover the interdisciplinary fields of biological, synthetic, and the hybrid materials and describe their medical applications ranging from molecular to cellular levels.