This book is a monograph on chaos in dissipative systems written for those working in the physical sciences. Emphasis is on symbolic description of the dynamics and various characteristics of the attractors, and written from the view-point of practical applications without going into formal mathematical rigour. The author used elementary mathematics and calculus, and relied on physical intuition whenever possible. Substantial attention is paid to numerical techniques in the study of chaos. Part of the book is based on the publications of Chinese researchers, including those of the author's collaborators.

The second edition of this book updates and expands upon a historically important collection of mathematical problems first published in the United States by Birkhauser in 1981. These problems serve as a record of the informal discussions held by a group of mathematicians at the Scottish Cafe in Lwow, Poland, between the two world wars. Many of them were leaders in the development of such areas as functional and real analysis, group theory, measure and set theory, probability, and topology. Finding solutions to the problems they proposed has been ongoing since World War II, with prizes offered in many cases to those who are successful. In the 35 years since the first edition published, several more problems have been fully or partially solved, but even today many still remain unsolved and several prizes remain unclaimed. In view of this, the editor has gathered new and updated commentaries on the original 193 problems. Some problems are solved for the first time in this edition. Included again in full are transcripts of lectures given by Stanislaw Ulam, Mark Kac, Antoni Zygmund, Paul Erdoes, and Andrzej Granas that provide amazing insights into the mathematical environment of Lwow before World War II and the development of The Scottish Book. Also new in this edition are a brief history of the University of Wroclaw's New Scottish Book, created to revive the tradition of the original, and some selected problems from it. The Scottish Book offers a unique opportunity to communicate with the people and ideas of a time and place that had an enormous influence on the development of mathematics and try their hand on the unsolved problems. Anyone in the general mathematical community with an interest in the history of modern mathematics will find this to be an insightful and fascinating read.

This book presents an exciting collection of contributions based on the workshop "Bringing Maths to Life" held October 27-29, 2014 in Naples, Italy. The state-of-the art research in biology and the statistical and analytical challenges facing huge masses of data collection are treated in this Work. Specific topics explored in depth surround the sessions and special invited sessions of the workshop and include genetic variability via differential expression, molecular dynamics and modeling, complex biological systems viewed from quantitative models, and microscopy images processing, to name several. In depth discussions of the mathematical analysis required to extract insights from complex bodies of biological datasets, to aid development in the field novel algorithms, methods and software tools for genetic variability, molecular dynamics, and complex biological systems are presented in this book. Researchers and graduate students in biology, life science, and mathematics/statistics will find the content useful as it addresses existing challenges in identifying the gaps between mathematical modeling and biological research. The shared solutions will aid and promote further collaboration between life sciences and mathematics.

Rational extended thermodynamics (RET) is the theory that is applicable to nonequilibrium phenomena out of local equilibrium. It is expressed by the hyperbolic system of field equations with local constitutive equations and is strictly related to the kinetic theory with the closure method of the hierarchies of moment equations. The book intends to present, in a systematic way, new results obtained by RET of gases in both classical and relativistic cases, and it is a natural continuation of the book "Rational Extended Thermodynamics beyond the Monatomic Gas" by the same authors published in 2015. However, this book addresses much wider topics than those of the previous book. Its contents are as follows: RET of rarefied monatomic gases and of polyatomic gases; a simplified RET theory with 6 fields being valid far from equilibrium; RET where both molecular rotational and vibrational modes exist; mixture of gases with multi-temperature. The theory is applied to several typical topics (sound waves, shock waves, etc.) and is compared with experimental data. From a mathematical point of view, RET can be regarded as a theory of hyperbolic symmetric systems, of which it is possible to conduct a qualitative analysis. The book represents a valuable resource for applied mathematicians, physicists, and engineers, offering powerful models for many potential applications such as reentering satellites into the atmosphere, semiconductors, and nanoscale phenomena.

The present volume contains the Proceedings of the International Conference on Spectral Theory and Mathematical Physics held in Santiago de Chile in November 2014. Main topics are: Ergodic Quantum Hamiltonians, Magnetic Schroedinger Operators, Quantum Field Theory, Quantum Integrable Systems, Scattering Theory, Semiclassical and Microlocal Analysis, Spectral Shift Function and Quantum Resonances. The book presents survey articles as well as original research papers on these topics. It will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in Mathematics and Mathematical Physics.

The book covers fundamentals of the theory of optimal methods for solving ill-posed problems, as well as ways to obtain accurate and accurate-by-order error estimates for these methods. The methods described in the current book are used to solve a number of inverse problems in mathematical physics. Contents Modulus of continuity of the inverse operator and methods for solving ill-posed problems Lavrent'ev methods for constructing approximate solutions of linear operator equations of the first kind Tikhonov regularization method Projection-regularization method Inverse heat exchange problems

Heat equation asymptotics of a generalized Ahlfors Laplacian on a manifold with boundary.- Recurrent versus diffusive quantum behavior for time-dependent Hamiltonians.- Perturbations of spectral measures for Feller operators.- A global approach to the location of quantum resonances.- On estimates for the eigen-values in some elliptic problems.- Quantum scattering with long-range magnetic fields.- Spectral invariance and submultiplicativity for Frechet algebras with applications to pseudo-differential operators and ?* -quantization.- Decroissance exponentielle des fonctions propres pour l'operateur de Kac: le cas de la dimension > 1.- Second order perturbations of divergence type operators with a spectral gap.- On the Weyl quantized relativistic Hamiltonian.- Spectral asymptotics for the family of commuting operators.- Pseudo differential operators with negative definite functions as symbol: Applications in probability theory and mathematical physics.- One-dimensional Schroedinger operators with high potential barriers.- General boundary value problems in regions with corners.- Some results for nonlinear equations in cylindrical domains.- Global representation of Langrangian distributions.- Stable asymptotics of the solution to the Dirichlet problem for elliptic equations of second order in domains with angular points or edges.- Maslov operator calculus and non-commutative analysis.- Relative time delay and trace formula for long range perturbations of Laplace operators.- Functional calculus and Fredholm criteria for boundary value problems on noncompact manifolds.- The variable discrete asymptotics of solutions of singular boundary value problems.- Schroedinger operators with arbitrary non-negative potentials.- Abel summability of the series of eigen- and associated functions of the integral and differential operators.- The relativistic oscillator.- On the ratio of odd and even spectral counting functions.- A trace class property of singularly perturbed generalized Schroedinger semi-groups.- Radiation conditions and scattering theory for N-particle Hamiltonians (main ideas of the approach).

1 Introductory Material.- 2 The Direct and Indirect B.I.E.M. for Bilateral Problems.- 3 Boundary Integral Formulations for Some Special Elastostatic B.V.Ps.- 4 On the Numerical Implementation of Boundary Element Equations.- 5 Extension to Dynamic Problems.- 6 Dynamic Interaction Problems.- 7 B.I. Formulations for the Signorini-Fichera Inequality Problem.- 8 Mathematical Study of the B.I. Formulations of the Signorini-Fichera B.V.P..- 9 Boundary Integral Formulation of the Frictional Unilateral Contact B.V.P..- 10 Boundary Integral Formulations for the Monotone Multivalued Boundary Conditions.- 11 Elastodynamic Unilateral Problems. A B.I.E. Approach.- 12 Nonconvex Unilateral Contact Problems.- 13 Miscellanea.- References.

The book discusses three classes of problems: the generalized Nash equilibrium problems, the bilevel problems and the mathematical programming with equilibrium constraints (MPEC). These problems interact through their mathematical analysis as well as their applications. The primary aim of the book is to present the modern tool of variational analysis and optimization, which are used to analyze these three classes of problems. All contributing authors are respected academicians, scientists and researchers from around the globe. These contributions are based on the lectures delivered by experts at CIMPA School, held at the University of Delhi, India, from 25 November-6 December 2013, and peer-reviewed by international experts. The book contains five chapters. Chapter 1 deals with nonsmooth, nonconvex bilevel optimization problems whose feasible set is described by using the graph of the solution set mapping of a parametric optimization problem. Chapter 2 describes a constraint qualification to MPECs considered as an application of calmness concept of multifunctions and is used to derive M-stationarity conditions for MPEC. Chapter 3 discusses the first- and second-order optimality conditions derived for a special case of a bilevel optimization problem in which the constraint set of the lower level problem is described as a general compact convex set. Chapter 4 concentrates the results of the modelization and analysis of deregulated electricity markets with a focus on auctions and mechanism design. Chapter 5 focuses on optimization approaches called reflection methods for protein conformation determination within the framework of matrix completion. The last chapter (Chap. 6) deals with the single-valuedness of quasimonotone maps by using the concept of single-directionality with a special focus on the case of the normal operator of lower semi-continuous quasiconvex functions.

This monograph presents a broad treatment of developments in an area of constructive approximation involving the so-called "max-product" type operators. The exposition highlights the max-product operators as those which allow one to obtain, in many cases, more valuable estimates than those obtained by classical approaches. The text considers a wide variety of operators which are studied for a number of interesting problems such as quantitative estimates, convergence, saturation results, localization, to name several. Additionally, the book discusses the perfect analogies between the probabilistic approaches of the classical Bernstein type operators and of the classical convolution operators (non-periodic and periodic cases), and the possibilistic approaches of the max-product variants of these operators. These approaches allow for two natural interpretations of the max-product Bernstein type operators and convolution type operators: firstly, as possibilistic expectations of some fuzzy variables, and secondly, as bases for the Feller type scheme in terms of the possibilistic integral. These approaches also offer new proofs for the uniform convergence based on a Chebyshev type inequality in the theory of possibility. Researchers in the fields of approximation of functions, signal theory, approximation of fuzzy numbers, image processing, and numerical analysis will find this book most beneficial. This book is also a good reference for graduates and postgraduates taking courses in approximation theory.

The three chapters of this book are entitled Basic Concepts, Tensor Norms, and Special Topics. The first may serve as part of an introductory course in Functional Analysis since it shows the powerful use of the projective and injective tensor norms, as well as the basics of the theory of operator ideals. The second chapter is the main part of the book: it presents the theory of tensor norms as designed by Grothendieck in the Resume and deals with the relation between tensor norms and operator ideals. The last chapter deals with special questions. Each section is accompanied by a series of exercises.

This monograph offers the first systematic account of (metric) regularity theory in variational analysis. It presents new developments alongside classical results and demonstrates the power of the theory through applications to various problems in analysis and optimization theory. The origins of metric regularity theory can be traced back to a series of fundamental ideas and results of nonlinear functional analysis and global analysis centered around problems of existence and stability of solutions of nonlinear equations. In variational analysis, regularity theory goes far beyond the classical setting and is also concerned with non-differentiable and multi-valued operators. The present volume explores all basic aspects of the theory, from the most general problems for mappings between metric spaces to those connected with fairly concrete and important classes of operators acting in Banach and finite dimensional spaces. Written by a leading expert in the field, the book covers new and powerful techniques, which have proven to be highly efficient even in classical settings, and outlines the theory's predominantly quantitative character, leading to a variety of new and unexpected applications. Variational Analysis of Regular Mappings is aimed at graduate students and researchers in nonlinear and functional analysis, especially those working in areas close to optimization and optimal control, and will be suitable to anyone interested in applying new concepts and ideas to operations research, control engineering and numerical analysis.

This proceedings volume originates from a conference held in Herrnhut in June 2013. It provides unique insights into the power of abstract methods and techniques in dealing successfully with numerous applications stemming from classical analysis and mathematical physics. The book features diverse topics in the area of operator semigroups, including partial differential equations, martingale and Hilbert transforms, Banach and von Neumann algebras, Schroedinger operators, maximal regularity and Fourier multipliers, interpolation, operator-theoretical problems (concerning generation, perturbation and dilation, for example), and various qualitative and quantitative Tauberian theorems with a focus on transfinite induction and magics of Cantor. The last fifteen years have seen the dawn of a new era for semigroup theory with the emphasis on applications of abstract results, often unexpected and far removed from traditional ones. The aim of the conference was to bring together prominent experts in the field of modern semigroup theory, harmonic analysis, complex analysis and mathematical physics, and to present the lively interactions between all of those areas and beyond. In addition, the meeting honored the sixtieth anniversary of Prof C. J. K. Batty, whose scientific achievements are an impressive illustration of the conference goal. These proceedings present contributions by prominent scientists at this international conference, which became a landmark event.They will be a valuable and inspiring source of information for graduate students and established researchers.

This is a book about the Hilbert space formulation of quantum mechanics and its measurement theory. It contains a synopsis of what became of the Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics since von Neumann's classic treatise with this title. Fundamental non-classical features of quantum mechanics-indeterminacy and incompatibility of observables, unavoidable measurement disturbance, entanglement, nonlocality-are explicated and analysed using the tools of operational quantum theory. The book is divided into four parts: 1. Mathematics provides a systematic exposition of the Hilbert space and operator theoretic tools and relevant measure and integration theory leading to the Naimark and Stinespring dilation theorems; 2. Elements develops the basic concepts of quantum mechanics and measurement theory with a focus on the notion of approximate joint measurability; 3. Realisations offers in-depth studies of the fundamental observables of quantum mechanics and some of their measurement implementations; and 4. Foundations discusses a selection of foundational topics (quantum-classical contrast, Bell nonlocality, measurement limitations, measurement problem, operational axioms) from a measurement theoretic perspective. The book is addressed to physicists, mathematicians and philosophers of physics with an interest in the mathematical and conceptual foundations of quantum physics, specifically from the perspective of measurement theory.

The book provides a comprehensive introduction and a novel mathematical foundation of the field of information geometry with complete proofs and detailed background material on measure theory, Riemannian geometry and Banach space theory. Parametrised measure models are defined as fundamental geometric objects, which can be both finite or infinite dimensional. Based on these models, canonical tensor fields are introduced and further studied, including the Fisher metric and the Amari-Chentsov tensor, and embeddings of statistical manifolds are investigated. This novel foundation then leads to application highlights, such as generalizations and extensions of the classical uniqueness result of Chentsov or the Cramer-Rao inequality. Additionally, several new application fields of information geometry are highlighted, for instance hierarchical and graphical models, complexity theory, population genetics, or Markov Chain Monte Carlo. The book will be of interest to mathematicians who are interested in geometry, information theory, or the foundations of statistics, to statisticians as well as to scientists interested in the mathematical foundations of complex systems.

This book introduces readers to one of the first methods developed for the numerical treatment of boundary value problems on polygonal and polyhedral meshes, which it subsequently analyzes and applies in various scenarios. The BEM-based finite element approaches employs implicitly defined trial functions, which are treated locally by means of boundary integral equations. A detailed construction of high-order approximation spaces is discussed and applied to uniform, adaptive and anisotropic polytopal meshes. The main benefits of these general discretizations are the flexible handling they offer for meshes, and their natural incorporation of hanging nodes. This can especially be seen in adaptive finite element strategies and when anisotropic meshes are used. Moreover, this approach allows for problem-adapted approximation spaces as presented for convection-dominated diffusion equations. All theoretical results and considerations discussed in the book are verified and illustrated by several numerical examples and experiments. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to mathematicians in the field of boundary value problems, engineers with a (mathematical) background in finite element methods, and advanced graduate students.

This volume presents recent advances in the field of matrix analysis based on contributions at the MAT-TRIAD 2015 conference. Topics covered include interval linear algebra and computational complexity, Birkhoff polynomial basis, tensors, graphs, linear pencils, K-theory and statistic inference, showing the ubiquity of matrices in different mathematical areas. With a particular focus on matrix and operator theory, statistical models and computation, the International Conference on Matrix Analysis and its Applications 2015, held in Coimbra, Portugal, was the sixth in a series of conferences. Applied and Computational Matrix Analysis will appeal to graduate students and researchers in theoretical and applied mathematics, physics and engineering who are seeking an overview of recent problems and methods in matrix analysis.

The contributions in this volume give an insight into current research activities in Shape Optimization, Homogenization and Optimal Control performed in Africa, Germany and internationally. Seeds for collaboration can be found in the first four papers in the field of homogenization. Modelling and optimal control in partial differential equations is the topic of the next six papers, again mixed from Africa and Germany. Finally, new results in the field of shape optimization are discussed in the final international three papers. This workshop, held at the AIMS Center Senegal, March 13-16, 2017, has been supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and by the African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS) in Senegal, which is one of six centres of a pan-African network of centres of excellence for postgraduate education, research and outreach in mathematical sciences.

This volume arose from the Third Annual Workshop on Inverse Problems, held in Stockholm on May 2-6, 2012. The proceedings present new analytical developments and numerical methods for solutions of inverse and ill-posed problems, which consistently pose complex challenges to the development of effective numerical methods. The book highlights recent research focusing on reliable numerical techniques for the solution of inverse problems, with relevance to a range of fields including acoustics, electromagnetics, optics, medical imaging, and geophysics.

Based on their research experience, the authors propose a reference textbook in two volumes on the theory of generalized locally Toeplitz sequences and their applications. This first volume focuses on the univariate version of the theory and the related applications in the unidimensional setting, while the second volume, which addresses the multivariate case, is mainly devoted to concrete PDE applications. This book systematically develops the theory of generalized locally Toeplitz (GLT) sequences and presents some of its main applications, with a particular focus on the numerical discretization of differential equations (DEs). It is the first book to address the relatively new field of GLT sequences, which occur in numerous scientific applications and are especially dominant in the context of DE discretizations. Written for applied mathematicians, engineers, physicists, and scientists who (perhaps unknowingly) encounter GLT sequences in their research, it is also of interest to those working in the fields of Fourier and functional analysis, spectral analysis of DE discretization matrices, matrix analysis, measure and operator theory, numerical analysis and linear algebra. Further, it can be used as a textbook for a graduate or advanced undergraduate course in numerical analysis.

This book discussed fundamental problems in dynamics, which extensively exist in engineering, natural and social sciences. The book presented a basic theory for the interactions among many dynamical systems and for a system whose motions are constrained naturally or artificially. The methodology and techniques presented in this book are applicable to discontinuous dynamical systems in physics, engineering and control. In addition, they may provide useful tools to solve non-traditional dynamics in biology, stock market and internet network et al, which cannot be easily solved by the traditional Newton mechanics. The new ideas and concepts will stimulate ones' thought and creativities in corresponding subjects. The author also used the simple, mathematical language to write this book. Therefore, this book is very readable, which can be either a textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate students or a reference book for researches in dynamics.
- Challenging continuous Newton's dynamics
- Original theory and seeds of new researches in the field
- Wide spectrum of applications in science and engineering
- Systematic presentation and clear illustrations

This monograph discusses recent advances in ergodic theory and dynamical systems. As a mixture of survey papers of active research areas and original research papers, this volume attracts young and senior researchers alike. Contents: Duality of the almost periodic and proximal relations Limit directions of a vector cocycle, remarks and examples Optimal norm approximation in ergodic theory The iterated Prisoner's Dilemma: good strategies and their dynamics Lyapunov exponents for conservative twisting dynamics: a survey Takens' embedding theorem with a continuous observable

This book presents a collection of expository and research papers on various topics in matrix and operator theory, contributed by several experts on the occasion of Albrecht Boettcher's 60th birthday. Albrecht Boettcher himself has made substantial contributions to the subject in the past. The book also includes a biographical essay, a complete bibliography of Albrecht Boettcher's work and brief informal notes on personal encounters with him. The book is of interest to graduate and advanced undergraduate students majoring in mathematics, researchers in matrix and operator theory as well as engineers and applied mathematicians.