This monograph offers the first systematic account of (metric) regularity theory in variational analysis. It presents new developments alongside classical results and demonstrates the power of the theory through applications to various problems in analysis and optimization theory. The origins of metric regularity theory can be traced back to a series of fundamental ideas and results of nonlinear functional analysis and global analysis centered around problems of existence and stability of solutions of nonlinear equations. In variational analysis, regularity theory goes far beyond the classical setting and is also concerned with non-differentiable and multi-valued operators. The present volume explores all basic aspects of the theory, from the most general problems for mappings between metric spaces to those connected with fairly concrete and important classes of operators acting in Banach and finite dimensional spaces. Written by a leading expert in the field, the book covers new and powerful techniques, which have proven to be highly efficient even in classical settings, and outlines the theory's predominantly quantitative character, leading to a variety of new and unexpected applications. Variational Analysis of Regular Mappings is aimed at graduate students and researchers in nonlinear and functional analysis, especially those working in areas close to optimization and optimal control, and will be suitable to anyone interested in applying new concepts and ideas to operations research, control engineering and numerical analysis.

This monograph presents a broad treatment of developments in an area of constructive approximation involving the so-called "max-product" type operators. The exposition highlights the max-product operators as those which allow one to obtain, in many cases, more valuable estimates than those obtained by classical approaches. The text considers a wide variety of operators which are studied for a number of interesting problems such as quantitative estimates, convergence, saturation results, localization, to name several. Additionally, the book discusses the perfect analogies between the probabilistic approaches of the classical Bernstein type operators and of the classical convolution operators (non-periodic and periodic cases), and the possibilistic approaches of the max-product variants of these operators. These approaches allow for two natural interpretations of the max-product Bernstein type operators and convolution type operators: firstly, as possibilistic expectations of some fuzzy variables, and secondly, as bases for the Feller type scheme in terms of the possibilistic integral. These approaches also offer new proofs for the uniform convergence based on a Chebyshev type inequality in the theory of possibility. Researchers in the fields of approximation of functions, signal theory, approximation of fuzzy numbers, image processing, and numerical analysis will find this book most beneficial. This book is also a good reference for graduates and postgraduates taking courses in approximation theory.

The book provides a comprehensive introduction and a novel mathematical foundation of the field of information geometry with complete proofs and detailed background material on measure theory, Riemannian geometry and Banach space theory. Parametrised measure models are defined as fundamental geometric objects, which can be both finite or infinite dimensional. Based on these models, canonical tensor fields are introduced and further studied, including the Fisher metric and the Amari-Chentsov tensor, and embeddings of statistical manifolds are investigated. This novel foundation then leads to application highlights, such as generalizations and extensions of the classical uniqueness result of Chentsov or the Cramer-Rao inequality. Additionally, several new application fields of information geometry are highlighted, for instance hierarchical and graphical models, complexity theory, population genetics, or Markov Chain Monte Carlo. The book will be of interest to mathematicians who are interested in geometry, information theory, or the foundations of statistics, to statisticians as well as to scientists interested in the mathematical foundations of complex systems.

"Beyond Wavelets" presents state-of-the-art theories, methods, algorithms, and applications of mathematical extensions for classical wavelet analysis. Wavelets, introduced 20 years ago by
Morlet and Grossmann and developed very rapidly during the 1980's and 1990's, has created a common link between computational mathematics and other disciplines of science and engineering.
Classical wavelets have provided effective and efficient mathematical tools for time-frequency analysis which enhances and replaces the Fourier approach.
However, with the current advances in science and technology, there is an immediate need to extend wavelet mathematical tools as well. "Beyond Wavelets" presents a list of ideas and mathematical
foundations for such extensions, including: continuous and digital ridgelets, brushlets, steerable wavelet packets, contourlets, eno-wavelets, spline-wavelet frames, and quasi-affine wavelets. Wavelet subband algorithms are extended to pyramidal directional and nonuniform filter banks. In addition, this volume includes a
method for tomographic reconstruction using a mechanical image model and a statistical study for independent adaptive signal representation.
Investigators already familiar with wavelet methods from areas such as engineering, statistics, and mathematics will benefit by owning this volume.
*Curvelets, Contourlets, Ridgelets,
*Digital Implementation of Ridgelet Packets
*Steerable Wavelet Packets
*Essentially Non-Oscillatory Wavelets
*Medical Imaging
*Non-Uniform Filter Banks
*Spline-wavelet frames and
*Vanishing Moment Recovery Functions

This book is a monograph on chaos in dissipative systems written for those working in the physical sciences. Emphasis is on symbolic description of the dynamics and various characteristics of the attractors, and written from the view-point of practical applications without going into formal mathematical rigour. The author used elementary mathematics and calculus, and relied on physical intuition whenever possible. Substantial attention is paid to numerical techniques in the study of chaos. Part of the book is based on the publications of Chinese researchers, including those of the author's collaborators.

The contributions in this volume give an insight into current research activities in Shape Optimization, Homogenization and Optimal Control performed in Africa, Germany and internationally. Seeds for collaboration can be found in the first four papers in the field of homogenization. Modelling and optimal control in partial differential equations is the topic of the next six papers, again mixed from Africa and Germany. Finally, new results in the field of shape optimization are discussed in the final international three papers. This workshop, held at the AIMS Center Senegal, March 13-16, 2017, has been supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and by the African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS) in Senegal, which is one of six centres of a pan-African network of centres of excellence for postgraduate education, research and outreach in mathematical sciences.

This is a book about the Hilbert space formulation of quantum mechanics and its measurement theory. It contains a synopsis of what became of the Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics since von Neumann's classic treatise with this title. Fundamental non-classical features of quantum mechanics-indeterminacy and incompatibility of observables, unavoidable measurement disturbance, entanglement, nonlocality-are explicated and analysed using the tools of operational quantum theory. The book is divided into four parts: 1. Mathematics provides a systematic exposition of the Hilbert space and operator theoretic tools and relevant measure and integration theory leading to the Naimark and Stinespring dilation theorems; 2. Elements develops the basic concepts of quantum mechanics and measurement theory with a focus on the notion of approximate joint measurability; 3. Realisations offers in-depth studies of the fundamental observables of quantum mechanics and some of their measurement implementations; and 4. Foundations discusses a selection of foundational topics (quantum-classical contrast, Bell nonlocality, measurement limitations, measurement problem, operational axioms) from a measurement theoretic perspective. The book is addressed to physicists, mathematicians and philosophers of physics with an interest in the mathematical and conceptual foundations of quantum physics, specifically from the perspective of measurement theory.

This proceedings volume originates from a conference held in Herrnhut in June 2013. It provides unique insights into the power of abstract methods and techniques in dealing successfully with numerous applications stemming from classical analysis and mathematical physics. The book features diverse topics in the area of operator semigroups, including partial differential equations, martingale and Hilbert transforms, Banach and von Neumann algebras, Schroedinger operators, maximal regularity and Fourier multipliers, interpolation, operator-theoretical problems (concerning generation, perturbation and dilation, for example), and various qualitative and quantitative Tauberian theorems with a focus on transfinite induction and magics of Cantor. The last fifteen years have seen the dawn of a new era for semigroup theory with the emphasis on applications of abstract results, often unexpected and far removed from traditional ones. The aim of the conference was to bring together prominent experts in the field of modern semigroup theory, harmonic analysis, complex analysis and mathematical physics, and to present the lively interactions between all of those areas and beyond. In addition, the meeting honored the sixtieth anniversary of Prof C. J. K. Batty, whose scientific achievements are an impressive illustration of the conference goal. These proceedings present contributions by prominent scientists at this international conference, which became a landmark event.They will be a valuable and inspiring source of information for graduate students and established researchers.

This volume presents recent advances in the field of matrix analysis based on contributions at the MAT-TRIAD 2015 conference. Topics covered include interval linear algebra and computational complexity, Birkhoff polynomial basis, tensors, graphs, linear pencils, K-theory and statistic inference, showing the ubiquity of matrices in different mathematical areas. With a particular focus on matrix and operator theory, statistical models and computation, the International Conference on Matrix Analysis and its Applications 2015, held in Coimbra, Portugal, was the sixth in a series of conferences. Applied and Computational Matrix Analysis will appeal to graduate students and researchers in theoretical and applied mathematics, physics and engineering who are seeking an overview of recent problems and methods in matrix analysis.

Heat equation asymptotics of a generalized Ahlfors Laplacian on a manifold with boundary.- Recurrent versus diffusive quantum behavior for time-dependent Hamiltonians.- Perturbations of spectral measures for Feller operators.- A global approach to the location of quantum resonances.- On estimates for the eigen-values in some elliptic problems.- Quantum scattering with long-range magnetic fields.- Spectral invariance and submultiplicativity for Frechet algebras with applications to pseudo-differential operators and ?* -quantization.- Decroissance exponentielle des fonctions propres pour l'operateur de Kac: le cas de la dimension > 1.- Second order perturbations of divergence type operators with a spectral gap.- On the Weyl quantized relativistic Hamiltonian.- Spectral asymptotics for the family of commuting operators.- Pseudo differential operators with negative definite functions as symbol: Applications in probability theory and mathematical physics.- One-dimensional Schroedinger operators with high potential barriers.- General boundary value problems in regions with corners.- Some results for nonlinear equations in cylindrical domains.- Global representation of Langrangian distributions.- Stable asymptotics of the solution to the Dirichlet problem for elliptic equations of second order in domains with angular points or edges.- Maslov operator calculus and non-commutative analysis.- Relative time delay and trace formula for long range perturbations of Laplace operators.- Functional calculus and Fredholm criteria for boundary value problems on noncompact manifolds.- The variable discrete asymptotics of solutions of singular boundary value problems.- Schroedinger operators with arbitrary non-negative potentials.- Abel summability of the series of eigen- and associated functions of the integral and differential operators.- The relativistic oscillator.- On the ratio of odd and even spectral counting functions.- A trace class property of singularly perturbed generalized Schroedinger semi-groups.- Radiation conditions and scattering theory for N-particle Hamiltonians (main ideas of the approach).

The book covers fundamentals of the theory of optimal methods for solving ill-posed problems, as well as ways to obtain accurate and accurate-by-order error estimates for these methods. The methods described in the current book are used to solve a number of inverse problems in mathematical physics. Contents Modulus of continuity of the inverse operator and methods for solving ill-posed problems Lavrent'ev methods for constructing approximate solutions of linear operator equations of the first kind Tikhonov regularization method Projection-regularization method Inverse heat exchange problems

This edited volume presents a fascinating collection of lecture notes focusing on differential equations from two viewpoints: formal calculus (through the theory of Groebner bases) and geometry (via quiver theory). Groebner bases serve as effective models for computation in algebras of various types. Although the theory of Groebner bases was developed in the second half of the 20th century, many works on computational methods in algebra were published well before the introduction of the modern algebraic language. Since then, new algorithms have been developed and the theory itself has greatly expanded. In comparison, diagrammatic methods in representation theory are relatively new, with the quiver varieties only being introduced - with big impact - in the 1990s. Divided into two parts, the book first discusses the theory of Groebner bases in their commutative and noncommutative contexts, with a focus on algorithmic aspects and applications of Groebner bases to analysis on systems of partial differential equations, effective analysis on rings of differential operators, and homological algebra. It then introduces representations of quivers, quiver varieties and their applications to the moduli spaces of meromorphic connections on the complex projective line. While no particular reader background is assumed, the book is intended for graduate students in mathematics, engineering and related fields, as well as researchers and scholars.

1 Introductory Material.- 2 The Direct and Indirect B.I.E.M. for Bilateral Problems.- 3 Boundary Integral Formulations for Some Special Elastostatic B.V.Ps.- 4 On the Numerical Implementation of Boundary Element Equations.- 5 Extension to Dynamic Problems.- 6 Dynamic Interaction Problems.- 7 B.I. Formulations for the Signorini-Fichera Inequality Problem.- 8 Mathematical Study of the B.I. Formulations of the Signorini-Fichera B.V.P..- 9 Boundary Integral Formulation of the Frictional Unilateral Contact B.V.P..- 10 Boundary Integral Formulations for the Monotone Multivalued Boundary Conditions.- 11 Elastodynamic Unilateral Problems. A B.I.E. Approach.- 12 Nonconvex Unilateral Contact Problems.- 13 Miscellanea.- References.

Based on their research experience, the authors propose a reference textbook in two volumes on the theory of generalized locally Toeplitz sequences and their applications. This first volume focuses on the univariate version of the theory and the related applications in the unidimensional setting, while the second volume, which addresses the multivariate case, is mainly devoted to concrete PDE applications. This book systematically develops the theory of generalized locally Toeplitz (GLT) sequences and presents some of its main applications, with a particular focus on the numerical discretization of differential equations (DEs). It is the first book to address the relatively new field of GLT sequences, which occur in numerous scientific applications and are especially dominant in the context of DE discretizations. Written for applied mathematicians, engineers, physicists, and scientists who (perhaps unknowingly) encounter GLT sequences in their research, it is also of interest to those working in the fields of Fourier and functional analysis, spectral analysis of DE discretization matrices, matrix analysis, measure and operator theory, numerical analysis and linear algebra. Further, it can be used as a textbook for a graduate or advanced undergraduate course in numerical analysis.

The book contains a consistent and sufficiently comprehensive theory of smooth functions and maps insofar as it is connected with differential calculus. The scope of notions includes, among others, Lagrange inequality, Taylor's formula, finding absolute and relative extrema, theorems on smoothness of the inverse map and on conditions of local invertibility, implicit function theorem, dependence and independence of functions, classification of smooth functions up to diffeomorphism. The concluding chapter deals with a more specific issue of critical values of smooth mappings. In several chapters, a relatively new technical approach is used that allows the authors to clarify and simplify some of the technically difficult proofs while maintaining full integrity. Besides, the book includes complete proofs of some important results which until now have only been published in scholarly literature or scientific journals (remainder estimates of Taylor's formula in a nonconvex area (Chapter I, 8), Whitney's extension theorem for smooth function (Chapter I, 11) and some of its corollaries, global diffeomorphism theorem (Chapter II, 5), results on sets of critical values of smooth mappings and the related Whitney example (Chapter IV). The text features multiple examples illustrating the results obtained and demonstrating their accuracy. Moreover, the book contains over 150 problems and 19 illustrations. Perusal of the book equips the reader to further explore any literature basing upon multivariable calculus.

Theoretical advances in dynamical-systems theory and their applications to pattern-forming processes in the sciences and engineering are discussed in this volume that resulted from the conference Patterns in Dynamics held in honor of Bernold Fiedler, in Berlin, July 25-29, 2016.The contributions build and develop mathematical techniques, and use mathematical approaches for prediction and control of complex systems. The underlying mathematical theories help extract structures from experimental observations and, conversely, shed light on the formation, dynamics, and control of spatio-temporal patterns in applications. Theoretical areas covered include geometric analysis, spatial dynamics, spectral theory, traveling-wave theory, and topological data analysis; also discussed are their applications to chemotaxis, self-organization at interfaces, neuroscience, and transport processes.

This book presents a collection of expository and research papers on various topics in matrix and operator theory, contributed by several experts on the occasion of Albrecht Boettcher's 60th birthday. Albrecht Boettcher himself has made substantial contributions to the subject in the past. The book also includes a biographical essay, a complete bibliography of Albrecht Boettcher's work and brief informal notes on personal encounters with him. The book is of interest to graduate and advanced undergraduate students majoring in mathematics, researchers in matrix and operator theory as well as engineers and applied mathematicians.

This volume arose from the Third Annual Workshop on Inverse Problems, held in Stockholm on May 2-6, 2012. The proceedings present new analytical developments and numerical methods for solutions of inverse and ill-posed problems, which consistently pose complex challenges to the development of effective numerical methods. The book highlights recent research focusing on reliable numerical techniques for the solution of inverse problems, with relevance to a range of fields including acoustics, electromagnetics, optics, medical imaging, and geophysics.

The three chapters of this book are entitled Basic Concepts, Tensor Norms, and Special Topics. The first may serve as part of an introductory course in Functional Analysis since it shows the powerful use of the projective and injective tensor norms, as well as the basics of the theory of operator ideals. The second chapter is the main part of the book: it presents the theory of tensor norms as designed by Grothendieck in the Resume and deals with the relation between tensor norms and operator ideals. The last chapter deals with special questions. Each section is accompanied by a series of exercises.

This book covers the construction, analysis, and theory of continuous nowhere differentiable functions, comprehensively and accessibly. After illuminating the significance of the subject through an overview of its history, the reader is introduced to the sophisticated toolkit of ideas and tricks used to study the explicit continuous nowhere differentiable functions of Weierstrass, Takagi-van der Waerden, Bolzano, and others. Modern tools of functional analysis, measure theory, and Fourier analysis are applied to examine the generic nature of continuous nowhere differentiable functions, as well as linear structures within the (nonlinear) space of continuous nowhere differentiable functions. To round out the presentation, advanced techniques from several areas of mathematics are brought together to give a state-of-the-art analysis of Riemann's continuous, and purportedly nowhere differentiable, function. For the reader's benefit, claims requiring elaboration, and open problems, are clearly indicated. An appendix conveniently provides background material from analysis and number theory, and comprehensive indices of symbols, problems, and figures enhance the book's utility as a reference work. Students and researchers of analysis will value this unique book as a self-contained guide to the subject and its methods.

This book presents and discusses the state of the art and future perspectives in mathematical modeling and homogenization techniques with the focus on addressing key physiological issues in the context of multiphase healthy and malignant biological materials. The highly interdisciplinary content brings together contributions from scientists with complementary areas of expertise, such as pure and applied mathematicians, engineers, and biophysicists. The book also features the lecture notes from a half-day introductory course on asymptotic homogenization. These notes are suitable for undergraduate mathematics or physics students, while the other chapters are aimed at graduate students and researchers.

This book discussed fundamental problems in dynamics, which extensively exist in engineering, natural and social sciences. The book presented a basic theory for the interactions among many dynamical systems and for a system whose motions are constrained naturally or artificially. The methodology and techniques presented in this book are applicable to discontinuous dynamical systems in physics, engineering and control. In addition, they may provide useful tools to solve non-traditional dynamics in biology, stock market and internet network et al, which cannot be easily solved by the traditional Newton mechanics. The new ideas and concepts will stimulate ones' thought and creativities in corresponding subjects. The author also used the simple, mathematical language to write this book. Therefore, this book is very readable, which can be either a textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate students or a reference book for researches in dynamics.
- Challenging continuous Newton's dynamics
- Original theory and seeds of new researches in the field
- Wide spectrum of applications in science and engineering
- Systematic presentation and clear illustrations

This research monograph brings together, for the first time, the varied literature on Yosida approximations of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) in infinite dimensions and their applications into a single cohesive work. The author provides a clear and systematic introduction to the Yosida approximation method and justifies its power by presenting its applications in some practical topics such as stochastic stability and stochastic optimal control. The theory assimilated spans more than 35 years of mathematics, but is developed slowly and methodically in digestible pieces. The book begins with a motivational chapter that introduces the reader to several different models that play recurring roles throughout the book as the theory is unfolded, and invites readers from different disciplines to see immediately that the effort required to work through the theory that follows is worthwhile. From there, the author presents the necessary prerequisite material, and then launches the reader into the main discussion of the monograph, namely, Yosida approximations of SDEs, Yosida approximations of SDEs with Poisson jumps, and their applications. Most of the results considered in the main chapters appear for the first time in a book form, and contain illustrative examples on stochastic partial differential equations. The key steps are included in all proofs, especially the various estimates, which help the reader to get a true feel for the theory of Yosida approximations and their use. This work is intended for researchers and graduate students in mathematics specializing in probability theory and will appeal to numerical analysts, engineers, physicists and practitioners in finance who want to apply the theory of stochastic evolution equations. Since the approach is based mainly in semigroup theory, it is amenable to a wide audience including non-specialists in stochastic processes.