This book provides readers with the latest developments in cardiovascular research. Topics covered include an analysis of the effectiveness of newer drugs when compared to Warfarin in reducing the mortality and complications from atrial fibrillation; the epidemiological differences and evolution of high-risk acute coronary syndrome in men and women; cardiovascular control via the vestibular system; an alternative view on inflammation and the endothelium, which plays a crucial role for different substantial vascular functions; the epidemiology, physiopathology and the diagnosis and treatment of renovascular hypertension; a therapeutic approach to treating hypovolemic shock; pathological findings, diagnostic strategies and treatment of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm (LVPA); the structure, development and functions of sarcalumenin, a glycoprotein involved in skeletal and cardiac muscles; hybrid coronary revascularization and the dietary factors that play an important role in the modulation of hypertension - the fourth contributor to premature death in developed countries and the seventh in developing countries.

Heart failure is the only cardiovascular disease that is increasing. The impact on the critical care environment and the health care system, as a whole, is significant from both a cost and burden to the system perspective. There are 6.5 million hospital days a year and nearly $40 billion dollars in yearly health care costs attributed to heart failure in the United States. There are more Medicare monies spent for diagnosing and treating heart failure than any other Diagnosis Related Group. There is a 24% hospital re-admission rate for this diagnosis which leads to financial implications for health care systems. The human cost is also significant. Less than half of Americans diagnosed with heart failure survive greater than 5 years. The ongoing health care needs and cost of this chronic disease takes a significant toll on patients' finances, time and quality of life. Over $2.9 billion dollars is spent annually on the pharmaceutical management of heart failure in the United States. This diagnosis is the leading cause of hospitalization for patients who are 65 years of age and older. Few health care providers in the critical care environment are not affected by heart failure on a routine basis. Caring for these patients and their families is both a challenging and yet a rewarding experience. This edition will provide critical care nurses with a comprehensive heart failure review which is essential in caring for this challenging population given the dynamic health and critical care environments.

Coronary artery disease continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and throughout the world. This issue of the Heart Failure Clinics provides a contemporary and concise, yet extensive, review on all aspects of the management of patients with coronary artery disease. Topics include but are not limited to: Epidemiology, Traditional and Novel Risk Factors in Coronary Artery Disease; Acute Coronary Syndromes: Unstable Angina and Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction; Calcium Scoring and Cardiac Computed Tomography; Coronary Artery Disease and Diabetes Mellitus; Cardiac Syndrome X; and Revascularization Options: Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Most patients with critical cardiac or thoracic conditions will at some stage pass through the cardiothoracic critical care unit. Critical care presents more complex clinical data than any other area of medicine. The new edition of Core Topics in Cardiothoracic Critical Care focuses on the latest practise in the management of patients in cardiothoracic intensive care. The practice of cardiothoracic critical care medicine is constantly evolving, and this new edition reflects the modernized learning styles for trainees. Each chapter includes key learning points as well as sample multiple choice questions and answers to assist in exam preparation. This edition also features updated chapters on ECMO, perioperative management of patients undergoing emergency cardiothoracic surgery, and advanced modes of organ support for patients. This text provides key knowledge in a concise and accessible manner for trainees, clinicians and consultants from specialities and disciplines such as cardiology and anaesthesia, and nursing and physiotherapy.

This issue of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Clinics will focus on stroke rehabilitation and will include articles such as: Mechanisms of stroke recovery, Insights from basic sciences, Stroke recovery and predictors of rehabilitation outcomes, Upper limb motor impairments, Post-stroke spasticity, Communication disorders and dysphagia, Neuropharmacology of Recovery, Robotic therapy, and many more.

This issue of the Interventional Cardiology Clinics edited by Jason Rogers covers various approaches, techniques, and therapies for Transcatheter Mitral Value Intervention. Topics include, but are not limited to: Echocardiographic Imaging of the Mitral Valve for Transcatheter Interventions, Use of Computed Tomography to Guide Mitral Interventions, Transseptal Puncture for Mitral Interventions, MitraClip Therapy for Mitral Regurgitation: Primary MR, Coronary Sinus-Based Approach to Mitral Regurgitation, and Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement.

This issue of Neuroimaging Clinics of North America focuses on Plaque Imaging. Articles will include: 3D carotid plaque MR imaging, Analysis of multi-contrast carotid plaque MR imaging, Incorporating carotid plaque imaging into routine clinical carotid MRA, PET-CT imaging to assess future cardiovascular risk, Utility of combining PET and MR imaging of carotid plaque, 3D carotid plaque ultrasound, Contrast-enhanced carotid plaque ultrasound, Detection of vulnerable plaque in patients with "cryptogenic stroke," Measuring plaque burden in secondary prevention of asymptomatic patients with known carotid stenosis, Plaque imaging in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, Plaque imaging to decide on optimal treatment: medical versus CEA versus CAS, Clinical perspective of carotid plaque imaging, and more!

Clinical Guide to Cardiology is a quick-reference resource, packed full of bullet points, diagrams, tables and algorithms for the key concepts and facts for important presentations and conditions within cardiology. It provides practical, evidence-based information on interventions, investigations, and the management of clinical cardiology. Key features include: A clear evidence-base providing key guidelines and clinical trials in each chapter Coverage of examination techniques, common conditions, imaging modalities (including ECGs, chest X-rays, MRI and CT), interventional therapies, and pharmacology A companion website at www.wiley.com/go/camm/cardiology featuring audio clips, developed for differing levels of knowledge, that explain key concepts or an area in greater detail, as well as numerous additional clinical case studies, audio scripts, and self-assessment material

This issue of Heart Failure Clinics examines the critical role of team-based care in the management of patients with heart failure. Articles address Team-Based Care for Prevention, Patients Hospitalized with Heart Failure, Transitions of Care, Outpatients, Managing Cardiac Comorbidities, Managing Non-cardiac Conditions, Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Training, External Telemonitoring, Ambulatory Hemodynamic Cardiac Device Monitoring, Advanced Heart Failure, and Palliative and End-of-Life Care.

b>Clinical Electrocardiography Electrocardiography is a transthoracic recording over a period of time. Electrical activity is detected and recorded via electrodes attached to the outer surface of the skin. The recording produced by this noninvasive procedure is termed as electrocardiogram. ECGs are used to measure the rate and regularity of heartbeats as well as the size and position of the chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart, and the effects of drugs or devices used to regulate the heart. Clinical Electrocardiography is the clearest and most accessible guide available to the application and interpretation of the ECG in clinical practice. The book proceeds from the belief that ECG patterns should not be memorized, but rather must be understood based on how they originate; it is only by achieving this level of understanding that clinicians can make the most informed diagnoses and thus manage patient care with complete confidence. This fully revised 5th edition: Gives clear information about the correct diagnoses of different heart diseases based on ECG alterations. Presents an exceedingly clear and linear approach to understanding the application and interpretation of the ECG in clinical practice. Explains the electrical activity of the heart and basic electrocardiographic principals. Offers guidance on normal ECG patterns and the changes various heart diseases produce in ECG morphology Provides a practical, deductive approach to the diagnosis of arrhythmias - one of the most challenging tasks for many clinicians Summarizes current knowledge of the clinical implication of rhythmic disturbances.

This issue of Cardiology Clinics examines the timely topic of Lipidology. In addition to the New Recommendations - ACC/AHA Lipid Guidelines, the issue also includes Familial Hypercholesterolemia; LDL Apheresis; Lipids in Pregnancy and Women; Diabetes and Lipidology; Diabetic Dyslipidemia; Fatty Liver Disease; Lipids and HIV Disease; Residual Risk; and Statins' effects on diabetes, cognition, and liver safety.

Containing a selection of teaching tools for general anatomy and pathology, this work, with flip charts, offers an overview and understanding of the subject matter. It is useful for student or patient education. It is suitable for the home, the school library, or the physicians office and can be written on by a dry marker.

Translational Research in Coronary Artery Disease: Pathophysiology to Treatment covers the entire spectrum of basic science, genetics, drug treatment, and interventions for coronary artery disease. With an emphasis on vascular biology, this reference fully explains the fundamental aspects of coronary artery disease pathophysiology. Included are important topics, including endothelial function, endothelial injury, and endothelial repair in various disease states, vascular smooth muscle function and its interaction with the endothelium, and the interrelationship between inflammatory biology and vascular function. By providing this synthesis of current research literature, this reference allows the cardiovascular scientist and practitioner to access everything they need from one source.

The Scientists Guide to Cardiac Metabolism combines the basic concepts of substrate metabolism, regulation, and interaction within the cell and the organism to provide a comprehensive introduction into the basics of cardiac metabolism. This important reference is the perfect tool for newcomers in cardiac metabolism, providing a basic understanding of the metabolic processes and enabling the newcomer to immediately communicate with the expert as substrate/energy metabolism becomes part of projects. The book is written by established experts in the field, bringing together all the concepts of cardiac metabolism, its regulation, and the impact of disease.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes are at the forefront of research in two of the most high profile and funded scientific areas - cardiovascular research and stem cells. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes provides insight into the biofunction and molecular mechanisms, practical tools for research, and a look toward the clinical applications of this exciting phenomenon which is emerging as an effective diagnostic. Primarily focused on the cardiovascular applications where there have been the greatest advancements toward the clinic, this is the first compendium for clinical and biomedical researchers who are interested in integrating MSC-derived exosomes as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool.

Based upon the hypothesis that prognosis in childhood heart failure depends on autonomic dysfunction, the author introduced a new heart failure model and a medical therapy with beta-blockers in 1996. The author used the analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in 24 hours Holter ECG's for the understanding of the pathophysiology of childhood heart failure and for objective control of medical therapy. The success of this clinical model was the inspiration of a new approach to mental disease in childhood. In the last decades, an increase of new paediatric problems requiring medical care like eating disorders, behavioural and attention problems has been observed. All these diseases are related to autonomic dysfunction and have a high impact on cardiovascular prognosis. Based upon the hypothesis that behavioural problems are accompanied by changes in the autonomic nervous system, the author performed analysis of HRV in 24 hours Holter ECG's in these patient groups: healthy children with respect to school affiliation; a historical control group from literature published in 1997; attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity; anorexia nervosa and obesity. This data was compared to children with an increased cardiovascular risk due to congenital heart disease. In order to analyse the effect of autonomic function on human growth, we measured HRV in children with growth failure. A new HRV Score was established for the comparison of autonomic function in different age groups. The author could demonstrate a decrease of vagal activity in healthy children in children of today and speculate that insufficient vagal maturation may be a reason for an increasing prevalence of mental and cardiovascular disease. Looking for the reason of this vagal shift, caloric over nutrition, omega-3-fatty acid deficiency, high intensity of information and communication technology usage and some environmental toxins reduce HRV in childhood.

Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. This issue of Cardiology Clinics examines following facets of atrial fibrillation: epidemiology and societal impact, risk factors and genetics, mechanisms, diagnosis and follow-up, rate versus rhythm control, antiarrhythmic drug therapy, catheter ablation, surgery, antithrombotic and anticoagulant therapy, left atrial appendage exclusion, management of patients with heart failure and structural heart disease, and novel treatment paradigms.

Translational Cardiometabolic Genomic Medicine, edited by Dr. Annabelle Rodriguez-Oquendo, is an important resource to postgraduate (medical, dental and graduate) students, postdoctoral fellows, basic scientists, and physician scientists seeking to understand and expand their knowledge base in the field of genomic medicine as it is applied to cardiometabolic diseases. This handbook integrates cutting-edge experimental approaches such as chromatin immunoprecipitation paired end tagging (CHIA-PET), to population studies such as the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. It encompasses a range of book chapters that highlight bioinformatic approaches to better understanding functionality of the noncoding regions of the human genome to the use of molecular diagnostic testing in predicting increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Where applicable, this reference also includes chapters related to therapeutic options specifically aligned to molecular targets.

Vasculitis is a term for a group of rare diseases that have in common inflammation of blood vessels and there are many types of vasculitis, and they may vary greatly in symptoms, severity and duration. Vasculitis can range from mild to life-threatening and early detection and treatment of severe vasculitis can prevent permanent damage.

With the number of patients living with congenital heart disease steadily increasing, relevant training in anesthesia care for these patients is becoming ever more important. Written by experts in the field, this highly illustrated book succinctly reviews the pathophysiology of congenital cardiac lesions along with important anesthetic implications for each. Case scenarios cover patients of wide-ranging ages, with a focus on care in non-cardiac operating room settings, including the general operating room, cardiac catheterization laboratory and radiology. Divided into sections corresponding to the anatomic classification of each cardiac lesion, the book includes keywords for easy cross-referencing. Several lesions have multiple scenarios presented in order to allow readers to learn how to discern more critically ill patients. The stepwise approach to understanding complex lesions provides a readily accessible guide for all anesthesia providers who care for patients with congenital heart disease. The book is also a useful tool for intraoperative teaching.

Cardiac MR is explored in this important issue in MRI Clinics of North America. Articles will include: MR physics in practice; Ventricular mechanics: Techniques and applications; MR safety issues particular to women; Novel MR applications for evaluation of pericardial diseases; 4D flow applications for aortic diseases; T1 mapping: technique and applications; ARVD: An updated imaging approach; Imaging the metabolic syndrome; Coronary MRA: how to optimize image quality; Prognostic role of MRI in nonischemic myocardial disease; MRI for valvular imaging; MRI for adult congenital heart disease assessment; Cardiac MRI applications for cancer patients; Applications of PET-MRI for cardiovascular disease; Rings and slings, and more.

Trigeminocardiac Reflex is a comprehensive tutorial reference to the science, diagnosis, and possible treatment of the trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) that is usually initiated when the trigeminal nerve is disturbed during intercranial surgery. Since first reported in 1999 by co-Editor Bernhard Schaller, the research focused on TCR is expanding. While its instance is rare, new discoveries are not only increasing diagnosis, but also providing more effective treatment protocols. This text is ideal as a reference for clinical and research neurologists, as a general introduction for clinical presentation, and as a foundation for new research.

The standard electrocardiogram (ECG) is an indispensable, safe, and inexpensive test to assess dogs and cats with heart disease. This bestselling user-friendly book discusses the principles of electrocardiography, then systematically explores the evaluation of the ECG, including determination of heart rate, measurement of intervals, derivation of mean electrical axis, and criteria for atrial/ventricular enlargement or hypertrophy. At the core of this book is an extensive series of ECG cases for the reader to work through: practice makes perfect. New to this edition: Instructions on how to obtain an ECG A new chapter on the treatment of the most common clinically important ECG arrhythmias A second new chapter on 24-hour ECG (Holter) monitoring A handy one-page reference guide of important ECG values and diagrams, which can be downloaded from the book's webpage for easy reference 15 new ECG cases have been added to the original 46 cases, with a selection of advanced cases geared toward readers craving more challenging topics such as electrical cardioversion and pacemaker function. This updated edition will further aid veterinarians in their quest to better interpret the ECG. It provides information in an appealing, accessible, and easy to use format that fits with the busy lives of veterinary practitioners.

This important reference, edited by Ronald Ross Watson and Betsy Dokken, collects the research needed to make the distinct connection between pre-diabetes, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Glucose Intake and Utilization in Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease explains the mechanisms of progression from pre-diabetes to diabetes to cardiovascular disease. Since pre-diabetes and diabetes are important cardiovascular disease risk factors, and impaired glucose metabolism among cardiac patients is extremely prevalent, the importance of reviewing pre-diabetes and its involvement in CVD complications is vital as one applies food and glycemic control to slow progress to diabetes and heart disease. The book further focuses on glucose intake and utilization in diabetes, including coverage of diabetes in the development and pathology of cardiovascular disease, risks and epidemiology of cardiovascular problems promoted by diabetes, macrovascular effects and their safety in therapy of diabetics, beta cell biology and therapy of diabetes, and nutrition to modulate diabetes.

Inflammation in Heart Failure, edited by W. Matthijs Blankesteijn and Raffaele Altara, is the first book in a decade to provide an in-depth assessment on the causes, symptoms, progression and treatments of cardiac inflammation and related conditions. This reference uses two decades of research to introduce new methods for identifying inflammatory benchmarks from early onset to chronic heart failure and specifically emphasizes the importance of classifying at-risk subgroups within large populations while determining the patterns of cytokines in such classifications. Further, the book details clinical applications of the pathophysiological mechanisms of heart failure, diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. Inflammation in Heart Failure's breadth of subject matter, easy-to-follow structure, portability, and high-quality illustrations create an accessible benefit for researchers, clinicians and students.