Zambia was relatively untouched by the outside world until the mid-19th century, when it was visited by Western explorers, missionaries, and traders. In 1855, David Livingstone became the first European to see the magnificent waterfalls on the Zambezi River. Known locally as Musi-o-tunya, or the “Smoke that Thunders,” Livingstone renamed the falls after Queen Victoria. The Zambian town near the falls is named after him, and served as the capital of what was called Northern Rhodesia until 1935. In 1888, Northern and Southern Rhodesia (now Zambia and Zimbabwe, respectively) were proclaimed a British sphere of influence. Southern Rhodesia was annexed formally and granted self-government in 1923, while the administration of Northern Rhodesia was transferred to the British colonial office in 1924 as a protectorate. In 1953, both Rhodesias were joined by Nyasaland (now Malawi) to form the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.The Republic of Zambia gained its independence from Britain on October 24, 1964. Kenneth Kaunda, the leader of the United National Independence Party, was named the first president and remained in power until 1991. After nearly three decades of one-party rule and worsening economic conditions, the Kaunda era came to an end. In November 1991, the Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) won Zambia’s first free presidential and general elections since 1968. Frederick Chiluba was subsequently sworn in as the nation’s second president and was reelected in 1996. In 2002, Levy Mwanawasa was elected president under the banner of the MMD. He was re-elected in 2006, but died of a heart attack in August of 2008. He was succeeded by Rupiah Banda. He served until September 2011 when Patriotic Front (PF) candidate Michael Sata was elected as president.Historically, copper has provided the majority of the country’s foreign exchange earnings and been the leading source of employment. However, the drastic decline in copper market values, a slow rate of industrialization, and a high dependence on foreign imports drove Zambia’s economy into an extended decline. Through the early-1990s, Zambia experienced one of the worst economic growth rates in the world. In an effort to halt two decades of economic decline, the country undertook an ambitious economic recovery program. A cornerstone of this program has been the privatization of parastatal industries (including copper mines). However, the nation’s extremely high rate of HIV/AIDS infection, along with an unstable food supply and drought, continues to hamper development efforts. Recently, however, copper prices have drastically improved and the mining sector has resumed its position as the No.1 income generator for the country. The government has continued to promote and support the agriculture sector, which is the mainstay of most rural Zambians.

This book is about the invaluable contribution of charities and humanitarians in our world, the benevolence of the majority, and the atrocities of a (very small) minority. Mankind's difficulties often stem from natural disasters, including terrible weather conditions creating human misery. The tsunami and the famine in Ethiopia are typical examples. The other difficulties that have beset humanity from time immemorial are man-made, like wars, slavery, and pogroms. We also have dictatorships, pariah states, and police states, which do not seek to serve their people and alienate the international community. The people in these places become outcasts, despite genuine and determined efforts by others to bring them into the fold. In any society, we see the destructive effects of misunderstanding, greed, envy, hatred, and discrimination. Senseless acts of individual barbarism also pose a problem. Governments, democratic or otherwise, are installed with all the natural and human resources, as well as the goodwill of the global community, to serve and, where necessary, manage the difficulties of the people. History and current affairs indicate that no government is capable of delivering utopia to its people - even those unhampered by ideology, political sensitivities, self-interest, and retribution. Mankind's difficulties are ever so complex. Invariably, the void left has to be managed for mankind to have a life worth living. "Nature abhors a vacuum," so says the adage. Political stalwarts like Abraham Lincoln and courageous clergymen William Wilberforce rise to the fore. This pious hegemony is ably supported by charities, humanitarians, and ordinary individuals who have shown courage and compassion and the willingness to save and improve lives. Charities continue to make the difference. The courage and compassion of Lincoln, Wilberforce, Nightingale, and Mother Teresa may be unsurpassed, but Providence will continue to provide heroes and heroines for humanity.

R.A.T.E.S. Principles offer a universal platform of developmental and operational standards for non-profits and human services. R.A.T.E.S is an acronym for five essential areas of development which are Response-ability, Account-ability, Technical-ability, Evaluation-ability and Sustain-ability. Each of these five categories may include any number of sub categories that can offer a continuum of learning and development. Those organizations that function according to the R.A.T.E.S. Principles will demonstrate a firm foundation upon which to build and continue their efforts towards making the world better for us all.

The Peace Corps entered Cameroon in 1962 with 20 Volunteers who served as math and science teachers. Peace Corps/Cameroon's program grew and diversified to include inland fisheries, credit union and cooperatives education, English, community forestry, health and sanitation, and community development. Since then, more than 3,200 Volunteers have served in Cameroon. Currently, there are five robust projects in Cameroon: education, community health, environment, community economic development and youth development. The common themes that run through all Peace Corps/Cameroon projects are impact, focus, counterpart involvement, Volunteer competence, and organizational professionalism. Through collaboration and good teamwork, the Peace Corps has made a difference in many aspects of life in Cameroon, one community at a time. History and Future of Peace Corps Programming in Cameroon: Peace Corps programs directly respond to development priorities of the Cameroonian government. For example, the Community Health Project was recently redesigned to focus on maternal and child health and HIV/AIDS prevention and mitigation areas in order to assist Cameroon in its achievement of Millennium Development Goals. Although Volunteers are placed throughout all 10 regions of Cameroon, not every project is represented in every region. Each project concentrates on a few of the regions to maximize Volunteer impact and effectiveness.

Ethiopia is home to more than 80 ethnic and linguistic communities. Proud to be an African state that was never colonized, the Kingdom of Ethiopia dates back to the first millennium. King Menelik I, the legendary son of Queen Sheba and King Solomon of Israel, established his kingdom in Axum. After the rise of Islam in the seventh century, the kingdom became isolated as Arabs gained control of the Red Sea trading routes. In the 12th century, the successor of the Axumite dynasty had expanded southward, principally to Lalibela. Ethiopia's modern period (post-1855) was characterized by the process of recreating a cohesive state: by Emperor Haile Selassie; by the Marxist regime of Mengistu Haile Mariam; and, since mid-1991, by the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) under Meles Zenawi. The period has been dominated by recurring conflict with neighboring Eritrea, which was a province of Ethiopia until it gained independence in 1991. A tentative cease-fire ended hostilities in 2000, but the border remains undefined and tensions continue, particularly since the 2007 withdrawal of U.N. peacekeepers.

History of the Peace Corps in Burkina Faso The Peace Corps entered Burkina Faso, then called Upper Volta, in 1966. Programs included small enterprise development, education, agriculture, and environment. In 1987, Peace Corps ceased operations in Burkina Faso due to the government's development policies no longer aligning with Peace Corps goals. After a change in government administration and policies, the Peace Corps was invited back to Burkina Faso in 1995 to begin a health program. Programs in education and small enterprise development were established in 1996 and 2003, respectively. Currently, nearly 150 Volunteers work throughout the country. Approximately 2,000 Peace Corps Volunteers have served in Burkina Faso to date. History and Future of Peace Corps Programming in Burkina Faso Peace Corps/Burkina Faso works within three program areas: health, education, and community economic development. These projects were recently revised, taking into account the country's needs and the comparative advantage of using Volunteers. Health Volunteers' primary responsibilities are to work in close collaboration with local health clinic staff to raise awareness on topics such as maternal and child health, malaria, hygiene, nutrition, family planning, and HIV/AIDS for people living in their communities. Education Volunteers use participatory student-centered approaches to teach math, science, information, and communication technologies, and life skills....

Drawing on the expertise of Chinese and Western academics and practitioners, the contributors to this volume aim to advance the understanding of philanthropy for health in China in the 20th century and to identify future challenges and opportunities. Considering government, NGO leaders, domestic philanthropists, and foreign foundations, the volume examines the historical roots and distinct stages of philanthropy and charity in China, the health challenges philanthropy must address, and the role of the Chinese government, including its support for Government Organized Non-Governmental Organizations (GONGOs). The editors discuss strategies and practices of international philanthropy for health; the role of philanthropy in China s evolving health system; and the prospects for philanthropy in a country beginning to engage with civil society."

Drawing on the expertise of Chinese and Western academics and practitioners, the contributors to this volume aim to advance the understanding of philanthropy for health in China in the 20th century and to identify future challenges and opportunities. Considering government, NGO leaders, domestic philanthropists, and foreign foundations, the volume examines the historical roots and distinct stages of philanthropy and charity in China, the health challenges philanthropy must address, and the role of the Chinese government, including its support for Government Organized Non-Governmental Organizations (GONGOs). The editors discuss strategies and practices of international philanthropy for health; the role of philanthropy in China s evolving health system; and the prospects for philanthropy in a country beginning to engage with civil society."

Conducting a Successful Major Gifts and Planned Giving Program--the fifth volume in the groundbreaking Dove on Fundraising Series--is a complete guide to establishing and sustaining a major gifts and planned giving program in a nonprofit organization. Written by master fundraiser Kent E. Dove and coauthors Alan M. Spears and Thomas W. Herbert, this essential resource includes the information needed to build a viable major gifts and planning giving program and offers a clear understanding of the law as it pertains to a variety of planned giving options. View an example of a teaching tool available in this title: Course Syllabus.

How to Save the World on $5 a Day provides a fascinating, multi-cultural look at the history and traditions of charitable giving, and offers innovative instruction on the theory and practice of a new form of altruism dubbed personal philanthropy -- all in the form of an inspirational novelette. Designed to be read in a single sitting, this "Parable of Personal Philanthropy" uses the unexpected meeting and burgeoning romance between a passionately committed social activist named Annette and a creatively blocked artist named John to explore how even modest charitable giving can lead to personal happiness...a reinvigorated sense of self-worth...and ultimately, spiritual enlightenment. The secret is not how much you give; it's how you give...It's not about amount. It's about intent...Caring not currency...Mindfulness not money...In colorful, cliffhanger chapters that advance the story of Annette and John...bring to life charitable fables from Catholicism, Judaism, Islam and Buddhism...and introduce the reader to innovative ways to vividly experience the mental and spiritual benefits of personal philanthropy, this book offers a marvelous glimpse of life as it can be with just a slight adjustment in our perceptions and attitudes. It sends a timely and important message of hope and possibility to a worldwide audience that yearns for diverse and creative approaches on how to experience personal enlightenment and...How to Save the World on $5 a Day.

The Peace Corps was invited to El Salvador and sent its first Volunteers in 1962. During the next 15 years, more than 1,500 Volunteers worked in 15- 20 sectors, serving primarily as project partners to government agencies and offices. In 1980, increasing violence prior to the civil war led the Peace Corps to close its offices. The destruction of economic and social infrastructure during the war sent El Salvador back to 1950s levels in most economic and social indicators. A 1986 earthquake destroyed much of what the war did not, especially in San Salvador. Moreover, widespread migration led to the breakdown of many social and family institutions and particularly affected youth and the environment. The government of El Salvador invited the Peace Corps to return to El Salvador in 1993. The first Volunteers arrived later that year. They were asked to increase the capacity of local people in several priority areas identified by the government and later affirmed by civil society in the Plan de Nacion, or National Plan, presented in 2000. The National Plan is a blueprint for national development, and Peace Corps programming is consistent with its priorities. The role of Peace Corps Volunteers remains to build capacity for local people and institutions.

This book analyses the key issues inherent for the voluntary sector as it relates to the experiences of older people. The book reviews the major issues for older people's needs and rights. The book attempts to develop and foster interdisciplinary arguments for linking business principles to capacity building of the voluntary sector.

The history of Tanzania begins with the dawn of our species. Most experts agree that the earliest humans originated in fertile regions of East Africa. Cushitic-speaking people from southern Ethiopia migrated through the eastern part of the Great Rift Valley into north central Tanzania during the first millennium B.C. Early cattle herders found an unoccupied niche in the virgin grasslands and coexisted with the Khoisan hunters and gatherers who were already there. During the first millennium A.D., Bantu-speaking peoples originating from west central Africa filtered into western Tanzania and the fertile volcanic mountains of the northeast. These iron-working cultivators preferred wetter areas and thus avoided the dry savannas that were already occupied by hunters, gatherers and pastoralists. Early residents of Tanzania's coastal region experienced heavy Eastern, rather than African, cultural influences, developing a different culture from the people living in the interior. Merchants from Egypt, Assyria, Phoenicia, Greece, India, Arabia, Persia, and China were already visiting this region during the first century A.D. By the ninth century, Arabs and Shirazi Persians were significant traders on the coast, and large numbers of them settled on the offshore islands. In time, the Arab and Shirazi communities intermingled with the Bantu-speaking mainland groups and a new culture - the Swahili - was born. During the late 19th century, European explorers and missionaries used Zanzibar as a point of departure for the mainland. Their travels helped define future colonial boundaries and paved the way for Protestant and Roman Catholic missionaries. In its desire to establish an economic and political foothold among other European powers, a newly unified Germany entered mainland Tanzania in 1884 and signed a series of agreements with local rulers that ceded administrative and commercial protection to Germany. With the onset of World War I, Germany lost control of mainland Tanzania. Great Britain took over and renamed the mainland Tanganyika. In 1922, the League of Nations consigned Tanganyika to the British Empire under its mandate system. It was not until 1961 that Tanganyika gained independence from Britain, with Julius Nyerere serving as the country's first president. In January 1964, revolutionary forces overthrew the sultan of Zanzibar, and three months later, the mainland and the islands of Zanzibar joined to become the United Republic of Tanzania.

Membership is critical for all Rotary clubs. These new members must include a mix of younger, middle aged and older members. It is this variety in age that increases the quality of a club's membership. This is a book about membership and change. Many clubs overlook the fact that the majority of their members will be retiring in the next decade and that the generations to follow are radically different from the generations of the past. It is critical for all Rotary leaders to understand that what brought them into Rotary may not be the same thing that will bring this next generation into Rotary. While the current excitement is finding young people to bring into Rotary, there is a large group of retiring Boomers that could help to increase our membership. They are a vital group of healthy, wealthy and wise potential Rotarians. They are very different from those young prospects in many ways and the attraction process is different for both groups.

Four years ago, Grant Nieddu and Kenny Ellis found themselves stuck on the northern peninsula of Haiti. They came to deliver rice during the food crisis. During that fate-filled trip, Grant and Kenny found so much more.

They found a thrilling adventure and a challenging calling.

Going on to co-found CPI Haiti (www.cpihaiti.org), hosting innumerable development trips, and building a local school, Grant and Kenny learned many valuable lessons.

"H.O.P.E. from Here to Haiti" relays just a few of their stories and the lessons they learned from their Haitian friends.

From outrunning flooding rains and dangerous ravines, to working with the unseen heroes of the local village, Grant tells the story of life on the mission field. More than that, the lessons point to a process by which people can gain a sense of hope in their own lives, whether abroad on the mission field or on the mission field at home.

""We are united by our human needs; first our physical needs, then our emotional needs, but above all we are united through our need for hope...as you read this book you'll discover just how true this really is." - Seth Czerepak"

Predating democracy, capitalism, organized religion, and as old as humanity itself, philanthropy exists because things often go wrong, and things can always be better in our world. Nothing about philanthropy requires a person to have excessive amounts of money to make a difference. In Middle-Class Philanthropist: How anyone can leave a legacy, Melinda Gustafson Gervasi redefines the conventional view of philanthropy, providing simple and practical tools by which anyone can leave a legacy.

This is the story of the Coalition for Justice, a group of Latino and religious advocates, who came together to promote the innocence of two men they believed had been erroneously and repeatedly convicted of a terrible crime. In February of 1983, Jeanine Nicarico, a ten-year-old from the western suburbs of Chicago, was abducted from her home, raped, and murdered. A year later, Rolando Cruz, Alejandro "Alex" Hernandez and Stephen Buckley were indicted despite the lack of physical evidence against them. In February of 1985, jurors deadlocked on Buckley and sentenced the two Latinos to death. Months later, while confessing to two unrelated murders, a convicted sex offender by the name of Brian Dugan acknowledged killing Jeanine Nicarico. Notwithstanding Dugan's confession, Cruz and Hernandez spent more than ten years in prison before being released in November of 1995. However, it took more than a decade and a half for the DuPage County criminal justice system to acknowledge Dugan as a credible suspect. In 2009, he was finally tried, convicted and sentenced to death. But in 2011, Illinois Governor Pat Quinn signed a bill abolishing the death penalty and Dugan's sentence was commuted to life in prison without the possibility of parole.

Why do some countries have a vibrant nonprofit sector while others do not? Nonprofits in Crisis explores the theory of risk as a major mechanism through which economic development influences the nonprofit sector. Nuno S. Themudo elaborates this idea by focusing on Mexican nonprofit organizations, which operate and strive to survive in a risky environment. The study of these nonprofits generates broader lessons about philanthropy and the nonprofit sector that complement wider cross-national statistical analysis.

Women think differently about money than men. This monograph addresses women's relationship with money. Especially in the transitions of divorce, widowhood, and retirement women need to understand their values and beliefs about money. This monograph empowers women from all backgrounds and circumstances to incorporate their values in decisions about spending, saving, planning and giving. Appropriate also for financial professionals (wealth advisors/estate attorneys/financial planners/development officers) to guide clients to live their financial and philanthropic dreams according to their passions and values.