Recent Methodology in Chemical Sciences provides an eclectic survey of contemporary problems in experimental, theoretical, and applied chemistry. This book covers recent trends in research with the different domain of the chemical sciences. The chapters, written by knowledgeable researchers, provide different insights to the modern-day research in the domain of spectroscopy, plasma modification, and theoretical and computational analysis of chemical problems. It covers descriptions of experimental techniques, discussions on theoretical modeling, and much more.

This timely volume provides an overview of polymer characterization test methods and presents experimental research in polymers using modern methods. Each chapter describes the principle of the respective method, as well as the detailed procedures of experiments with examples of actual applications and demonstrates the advantages and disadvantages of each physical technique. Thus, readers will be able to apply the concepts as described in the book to their own experiments. The successful characterization of polymer systems is one of the most important objectives of today's experimental research of polymers. Considering the tremendous scientific, technological, and economic importance of polymeric materials, especially in industry, it is impossible to overestimate the usefulness of experimental techniques in this field. Since the chemical, pharmaceutical, medical, and agricultural industries, as well as many others, depend on this progress to an enormous degree, it is critical to be as efficient, precise, and cost-effective in our empirical understanding of the performance of polymer systems as possible. This presupposes our proficiency with, and understanding of, the most widely used experimental methods and techniques. The methods and instrumentation described in this volume represent modern analytical techniques useful to researchers, product development specialists, and quality control experts in polymer synthesis and manufacturing. Engineers, polymer scientists, and technicians will find this volume useful in selecting approaches and techniques applicable to characterizing molecular, compositional, rheological, and thermodynamic properties of elastomers and plastics.

High-Performance Polymers for Engineering-Based Composites presents a selection of investigations and innovative research in polymer chemistry and advanced materials. The book includes case studies in the field of nanocomposites. The volume provides coverage of new research in polymer science and engineering with applications in chemical engineering, materials science, and chemistry. In addition to synthetic polymer chemistry, it also looks at the properties of polymers in various states (solution, melt, solid). The chapters provide a survey of the important categories of polymers including commodity thermoplastics and fibers, elastomers and thermosets, and engineering and specialty polymers. Basic polymer processing principles are explained as well as in-depth descriptions of the latest polymer applications in different industrial sectors. This new book reviews the field's current state and emerging advances. With contributions from experts from both the industry and academia, this book presents the latest developments in polymer products and chemical processes.

This new resource focuses on many recent advances in recycling and reuse of materials, outlining basic tools and novel approaches. It covers such important issues as e-waste recycling, bio-mass recycling, vermitechnology, recovery of metals, polymer recycling, environmental remediation, waste management, recycling of nanostructured materials, and more. Also included is coverage of new research in the use of laser spectroscopy, pyrolysis, and recycled biomaterials for biomedical applications.

In this book, new developments based on conceptual density functional theory (CDFT) and its applications in chemistry are discussed. It also includes discussion of some applications in corrosion and conductivity and synthesis studies based on CDFT. The electronic structure principles-such as the electronegativity equalization principle, the hardness equalization principle, the electrophilicity equalization principle, and the nucleophilicity equalization principle, along studies based on these electronic structure principles-are broadly explained. In recent years some novel methodologies have been developed in the field of CDFT. These methodologies have been used to explore mutual relationships between the descriptors of CDFT, namely electronegativity, hardness, etc. The mutual relationship between the electronegativity and the hardness depend on the electronic configuration of the neutral atomic species. The volume attempts to cover almost all such methodology. Conceptual Density Function Theory and Its Application in the Chemical Domain will be an appropriate guide for research students as well as the supervisors in PhD programs. It will also be valuable resource for inorganic chemists, physical chemists, and quantum chemists. The reviews, research articles, short communications, etc., covered by this book will be appreciated by theoreticians as well as experimentalists.

There is increasing interest in the area of protective vests, either for protection against bullets or protection from the most realistic threats within domestic frontline operations: edged weapon, knives, and medical needles. This volume addresses that need. This new book provides an in-depth survey of the state-of-the-art research and practical techniques in the area of protected fabrics, especially stab-resistant and bulletproof fabrics. The book covers: * The history of protective armor: the long history of the art of protective armor manufacturing. * Materials used for body armor: the design and materials used for soft armor to increase its perforation-resistance utilizing high-performance fibers. * Anti-stab and anti-bullet armor design: the different design parameters required for the design of flexible armor in order to stop high-velocity projectiles. * The comfort of the body armor design: the flexibility, thermal resistivity, and evaporative moisture resistivity through the fabric. * Methods of testing the flexible body armors: testing the components of flexible body armor, according to the level of the protection required, such as NIJ Standards, HOSDB Body Armour Standards for UK Police, and the German SK1 Standard, among others. Written by an expert in textile composite material engineering, this volume fills an important gap in the area of protective fabric against stabbing or bullets and provides invaluable practical knowledge for body armor design.

This new volume, Research Methodologies and Practical Applications of Chemistry, presents a detailed analysis of current experimental and theoretical approaches surrounding chemical science. With an emphasis on multidisciplinary as well as interdisciplinary applications, the book extensively reviews fundamental principles and presents recent research to help show logical connections between the theory and application of modern chemistry concepts. It also emphasizes the behavior of materials from the molecular point of view. The burgeoning field of chemistry and chemical science has led to many recent technological innovations and discoveries. Understanding the impact of these technologies on business, science, and industry is an important first step in developing applications for a variety of settings and contexts. The aim of this book is to present research that has transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. The book examines the strengths and future potential of chemical technologies in a variety of industries.

The volume includes presentations of technological and research accomplishments along with novel approaches in nanomedicine and nanotechnology. It explores the different types of nanomedicinal drugs with their production and commercial significance. Other topics discussed are the use of natural and synthetic nanoparticles for the production of drugs, different types of nanoparticles systems, drug carriers, wound-healing antimicrobial activity, effects of natural materials in nanomedicine, and toxicity of nanoparticles. The valuable information presented in this volume will help to keep those in this field up to date on the key findings, observations, and fabrication of drugs related to nanomedicine and nanotechnology. With chapters written by prominent researchers from academia, industry, and government and private research laboratories across the world, the book will prove to be a rich resource.

One of the major areas of emphasis in the field of in chemical science and engineering technology in recent years has been interdisciplinary research, a trend that promises new insights and innovations rooted in cross-disciplinary collaboration. This volume is designed for stepping beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries and applying knowledge and insights from multiple fields. This book, Chemical Science and Engineering Technology: Perspectives on Interdisciplinary Research, provides a selection of chapters on interdisciplinary research in chemical science and engineering technology, taking a conceptual, and practical approach. The book includes case studies and supporting technologies and also explains the conceptual thinking behind current uses and potential uses not yet implemented. International experts with countless years of experience lend this volume credibility.

This important new book provides innovative material, including peer-reviewed chapters and survey articles on new applied research and development, in the scientifically important field of QSAR in medicinal chemistry. QSAR is a growing field because available computing power is continuously increasing, QSAR's potential is enormous, limited only by the quantity and quality of the available experimental input, which are also continuously improving. The number of possible structures for the design of new organic compounds is difficult to imagine, and QSAR helps to predict their activities even before synthesis. The book provides a wealth of valuable information and: * Presents an overview of recent developments in QSAR methodologies along with a brief history of QSAR * Covers the available web resource tools and in silico techniques used in virtual screening and drug discovery processes, compiling an extensive review of web resources in the following categories: databases related to chemical compounds, drug targets, and ADME/toxicity prediction; molecular modeling and drug designing; virtual screening; pharmacophore generation; molecular descriptor calculation software; software for quantum mechanics; ligand binding affinities (docking); and software related to ADME/toxicity prediction * Reviews the rm2 as a more stringent measure for the assessment of model predictivity compared to traditional validation metrics, being specifically important since validation is a crucial step in any QSAR study * Presents linear model improvement techniques that take into account the conformation flexibility of the modeled molecules * Summarizes the building processes of four different pharmacophore models: common-feature, 3D-QSAR, protein-, and protein-ligand complexes * Shows the role of different conceptual density functional theory based chemical reactivity descriptors, such as hardness, electrophilicity, net electrophilicity, and philicity in the design of different QSAR/QSPR/QSTR models * Reviews the use of chemometrics in PPAR research highlighting its substantial contribution in identifying essential structural characteristics and understanding the mechanism of action * Presents the structures and QSARs of antimicrobial and immunosuppressive cyclopeptides, discussing the balance of antimicrobial and haemolytic activities for designing new antimicrobial cyclic peptides * Shows the relationship between DFT global descriptors and experimental toxicity of a selected group of polychlorinated biphenyls, exploring the efficacy of three DFT descriptors * Reviews the applications of Quantitative Structure-Relative Sweetness Relationships (QSRSR), showing that the last decade was marked by an increase in the number of studies regarding QSAR applications for both understanding the sweetness mechanism and synthesizing novel sweetener compounds for the food additive industry The wide coverage makes this book an excellent reference for those in chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine as well as for research centers, governmental organizations, pharmaceutical companies, and health and environmental control organizations.

This book details original, theoretical, and important experimental results that use non-routine methodologies often unfamiliar to most readers. It also includes papers on novel applications of more familiar experimental techniques and analyses of composite problems. The book provides comprehensive coverage on the latest developments of research in the ever-expanding area of composite materials and their applications to broad scientific fields spanning physics, chemistry, biology, materials, and more.

With contributions from experts from both the industry and academia, this book presents the latest developments in the identified areas. In addition, a thorough and updated coverage of the traditional aspects of heterogeneous catalysis such as preparation, characterization and use in well-established technologies such as nitration, ammoxidation and hydrofluorination is included. This book incorporates appropriate case studies, explanatory notes, and schematics for more clarity and better understanding.

Knowledge of thermodynamics is a necessary tool for describing and understanding the physical behavior of new polymers and polymer blends, for instance, compatibility of components, rheological properties, morphological features, and mechanical properties. This book summarizes in a fairly comprehensive manner the recent technical research accomplishments in the area of thermodynamics, characterizations, and applications of polymer blends. In the first chapter, an overview of thermodynamic behaviors of non-equilibrium polymers is discussed. In the consecutive chapters, different properties of polymer blends are discussed, including surface tension, transition, crystallization, morphology, and flow behaviors. Miscibility and molecular characterizations of polymer blends are also covered in this book. Applications to various systems are reviewed, and both experimental concerns and references are supplied. In this time when science has such a strong tendency for diversification, this book demonstrates the relevance of one's own activities with neighboring branches of activities. This book is unique in that the mathematics of the physics of polymers are minimized in order not to discourage the interest of a junior or senior undergraduate or new graduate student by an unnecessarily rigorous approach. However, book aims to widen the readers' general knowledge with a better understanding of the physics of polymers. Applications to various systems are reviewed, and both experimental concerns and references are supplied.

This book provides comprehensive coverage on the latest developments of research in the ever-expanding area of polymers and advanced materials and their applications to broad scientific fields including physics, chemistry, biology, and materials. It presents physical principles in explaining and rationalizing polymeric phenomena. Featuring classical topics that are conventionally considered as part of chemical technology, the book covers the chemical principles from a modern point of view. It analyzes theories to formulate and prove the polymer principles and offers future outlooks on applications of bioscience in chemical concepts.

This book provides an important structural analysis of polymer solutions and melts, using fractal analysis. The book covers the theoretical fundamentals of macromolecules fractal analysis. It then goes on to discuss the fractal physics of polymer solutions and the fractal physics of melts. The intended audience of the book includes specialists in chemistry and physics of polymer synthesis and those in the field of polymers and polymer composites processing.

This book focuses on food, non-food, and industrial packaging applications of polymers, blends, nanostructured materials, macro, micro and nanocomposites, and renewable and biodegradable materials. It details physical, thermal, and barrier properties as well as sustainability, recycling, and regulatory issues. The book emphasizes interdisciplinary research on processing, morphology, structure, and properties as well as applications in packaging of food and industrial products. It is useful for chemists, physicists, materials scientists, food technologists, and engineers.

This book provides innovative chapters on the growth of educational, scientific, and industrial research activities among chemists, biologists, and polymer and chemical engineers and provides a medium for mutual communication between international academia and the industry. It presents significant research and reviews reporting new methodologies and important applications in the fields of industrial chemistry, industrial polymers and biotechnology as well as includes the latest coverage of chemical databases and the development of new computational methods and efficient algorithms for chemical software and polymer engineering.

With coverage of a broad range of key engineering materials, this book provides a single, comprehensive book summarizing all aspects involved in the functional materials production chain. It introduces state-of-the-art technology in key engineering materials, emphasizing the rapidly growing technologies. It takes a unique approach by presenting specific materials, then progresses into a discussion of the ways in which these novel materials and processes are integrated into today's functioning manufacturing industry. The book follows a more quantitative and design-oriented approach than other texts in the market, helping readers gain a better understanding of important concepts. They'll also discover how material properties relate to the process variables in a given process as well as how to perform quantitative engineering analysis of manufacturing processes.

In a unified treatment for the broad subject of materials, this book presents some fascinating phenomena associated with the remarkable performance of polymers and chemical materials. It provides a comprehensive description of the applications and tools for chemical polymeric materials. It also includes the background information necessary for assimilating the current academic literature on complex materials and their applications.

Using fractal analysis, irreversible aggregation models, synergetics, and percolation theory, this book describes the main reactions of high-molecular substances. It is the first to give the structural and physical grounds of polymers synthesis and curing based on fractal analysis. It provides a single equation for describing the relationship between the reaction rate constants and the equilibrium constants with the nature of the medium.

This book offers a comprehensive presentation of the concepts, properties, and applications of complex materials. Authors of each chapter use a fundamental approach to define the structure and properties of a wide range of solids on the basis of the local chemical bonding and atomic order present in the material. Emphasizing the physical and chemical origins of different material properties, this important volume focuses on the most technologically important materials being utilized and developed by scientists and engineers.

This book provides innovative chapters covering new methodologies and important applications in the fields of nanoscience and computational chemistry. The book offers scope for academics, researchers, and engineering professionals to present their research and development works that have potential for applications in several disciplines of nano and computational chemistry. Contributions range from new methods to novel applications of existing methods to help readers gain an understanding of the material and/or structural behavior of new and advanced systems. This book is a high quality tool for researchers, providing an overview of the field, explaining the basic underlying theory at a meaningful level, and giving numerous comparisons of different methods.

This book covers the theory of the strength of laminated and reinforced structures made of polymer materials with regard to the changeability of physico-chemical properties is examined. It presents an experimental-theoretical method on the definition of physico-mechanical properties of polymers composite materials and polymerized bundles made of fibers with emphasis on the changes of physico-chemical properties of the materials. With mathematical strictness, the experimental and theoretical studies presented here will aid in the development of reliable methods and new practices of analyzing structures with the influence of chemically aggressive liquids and gases and in the creation of specific production structures that will withstand corrosive environments.

The field of bioscience methodologies in physical chemistry stands at the intersection of the power and generality of classical and quantum physics with the minute molecular complexity of chemistry and biology. This book provides an application of physical principles in explaining and rationalizing chemical and biological phenomena. It does not stick to the classical topics that are conventionally considered as part of physical chemistry; instead it presents principles deciphered from a modern point of view, which is the strength of this book.

This new volume presents leading-edge research in the rapidly changing and evolving field of polymer science as well as on chemical processing. The topics in the book reflect the diversity of research advances in the production and application of modern polymeric materials and related areas, focusing on the preparation, characterization, and applications of polymers. Also covered are various manufacturing techniques. The book will help to fill the gap between theory and practice in industry.