This book details the simulation and optimization of integer and fractional-order chaotic systems, and how they can be implemented in the analog and digital domains using FPAAs and FPGAs. Design guidelines are provided to use commercially available electronic devices, and to perform hardware descriptions of integer/fractional-order chaotic systems programming in VHDL. Finally, several engineering applications oriented to cryptography, internet of things, robotics and chaotic communications, are detailed to highlight the usefulness of FPAA/FPGA based integer/fractional-order chaotic systems. Provides guidelines to implement fractional-order derivatives using commercially available devices; Describes details on using FPAAs to approach fractional-order chaotic systems; Includes details on using FPGAs to approach fractional-order chaotic systems, programming in VHDL and reducing hardware resources; Discusses applications to cryptography, internet of things, robotics and chaotic communications.

This book presents ways of interfacing sensors to the digital world, and discusses the marriage between sensor systems and the IoT: the opportunities and challenges. As sensor output is often affected by noise and interference, the book presents effective schemes for recovering the data from a signal that is buried in noise. It also explores interesting applications in the area of health care, un-obstructive monitoring and the electronic nose and tongue. It is a valuable resource for engineers and scientists in the area of sensors and interfacing wanting to update their knowledge of the latest developments in the field and learn more about sensing applications and challenges.

This book describes vector network analyzer measurements and uncertainty assessments, particularly in waveguide test-set environments, in order to establish their compatibility to the International System of Units (SI) for accurate and reliable characterization of communication networks. It proposes a fully analytical approach to measurement uncertainty evaluation, while also highlighting the interaction and the linear propagation of different uncertainty sources to compute the final uncertainties associated with the measurements. The book subsequently discusses the dimensional characterization of waveguide standards and the quality of the vector network analyzer (VNA) calibration techniques. The book concludes with an in-depth description of the novel verification artefacts used to assess the performance of the VNAs. It offers a comprehensive reference guide for beginners to experts, in both academia and industry, whose work involves the field of network analysis, instrumentation and measurements.

This book discusses key techniques of protection and fault ride-through in VSC-HVDC grids, including high-speed selective protection, DC fault current limitation, converter restarting, and DCCB reclosing strategies. It investigates how high-speed transient-variable-based protection can be used to improve grids' acting sensitivity, acting reliability, and ability to withstand high transition resistance compared with traditional protection. In addition, it discusses the applicability of the pilot protections, including the current differential protection and travelign-wave based protection, in the dc grid, as well as the improved methods. Furthermore, it proposes several DC FCL topologies, which are suitable for DC grids. Lastly, in the context of overhead line application conditions, it explores converter restarting and DCCB reclosing strategies, which not only identify the fault property, but also limit the secondary damage to the system, improving the system's operation security and reliability. As such, the book offers a comprehensive overview of original and advanced methods and techniques for the protection of VSC-HVDC grids.

This book explores integrated gate drivers with emphasis on new gallium nitride (GaN) power transistors, which offer fast switching along with minimum switching losses. It serves as a comprehensive, all-in-one source for gate driver IC design, written in handbook style with systematic guidelines. The authors cover the full range from fundamentals to implementation details including topics like power stages, various kinds of gate drivers (resonant, non-resonant, current-source, voltage-source), gate drive schemes, driver supply, gate loop, gate driver power efficiency and comparison silicon versus GaN transistors. Solutions are presented on the system and circuit level for highly integrated gate drivers. Coverage includes miniaturization by higher integration of subfunctions onto the IC (buffer capacitors), as well as more efficient switching by a multi-level approach, which also improves robustness in case of extremely fast switching transitions. The discussion also includes a concept for robust operation in the highly relevant case that the gate driver is placed in distance to the power transistor. All results are widely applicable to achieve highly compact, energy efficient, and cost-effective power electronics solutions.

This book facilitates the VLSI-interested individuals with not only in-depth knowledge, but also the broad aspects of it by explaining its applications in different fields, including image processing and biomedical. The deep understanding of basic concepts gives you the power to develop a new application aspect, which is very well taken care of in this book by using simple language in explaining the concepts. In the VLSI world, the importance of hardware description languages cannot be ignored, as the designing of such dense and complex circuits is not possible without them. Both Verilog and VHDL languages are used here for designing. The current needs of high-performance integrated circuits (ICs) including low power devices and new emerging materials, which can play a very important role in achieving new functionalities, are the most interesting part of the book. The testing of VLSI circuits becomes more crucial than the designing of the circuits in this nanometer technology era. The role of fault simulation algorithms is very well explained, and its implementation using Verilog is the key aspect of this book. This book is well organized into 20 chapters. Chapter 1 emphasizes on uses of FPGA on various image processing and biomedical applications. Then, the descriptions enlighten the basic understanding of digital design from the perspective of HDL in Chapters 2-5. The performance enhancement with alternate material or geometry for silicon-based FET designs is focused in Chapters 6 and 7. Chapters 8 and 9 describe the study of bimolecular interactions with biosensing FETs. Chapters 10-13 deal with advanced FET structures available in various shapes, materials such as nanowire, HFET, and their comparison in terms of device performance metrics calculation. Chapters 14-18 describe different application-specific VLSI design techniques and challenges for analog and digital circuit designs. Chapter 19 explains the VLSI testability issues with the description of simulation and its categorization into logic and fault simulation for test pattern generation using Verilog HDL. Chapter 20 deals with a secured VLSI design with hardware obfuscation by hiding the IC's structure and function, which makes it much more difficult to reverse engineer.

This book gathers the proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computational Advancement in Communication Circuits and Systems (ICCACCS 2020), organized virtually by Narula Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India. The book presents peer-reviewed papers that highlight new theoretical and experimental findings in the fields of electronics and communication engineering, including interdisciplinary areas like advanced computing, pattern recognition and analysis, and signal and image processing. The respective papers cover a broad range of principles, techniques, and applications in microwave devices, communication and networking, signal and image processing, computations and mathematics, and control.

This book provides a practical guide to terahertz electronics, especially for readers with an electronics background. The author guides readers through the all the key concepts of terahertz electronics, including terahertz sources, detectors, and waveguides, together with reviews on key terahertz applications on spectroscopy, imaging, communication, and radar. This book will serve as a handy reference for graduate students and engineers in the field of terahertz with a viewpoint from electronics. Presents the topic of terahertz from electronics viewpoint; Designed to be particularly helpful for the readers familiar with semiconductor devices and circuits; Enables optics-based terahertz researchers to understand terahertz electronics; Based on the author's extensive experience from both industry and academia.

The book presents laboratory experiments concerning ARM microcontrollers, and discusses the architecture of the Tiva Cortex-M4 ARM microcontrollers from Texas Instruments, describing various ways of programming them. Given the meager peripherals and sensors available on the kit, the authors describe the design of Padma - a circuit board with a large set of peripherals and sensors that connects to the Tiva Launchpad and exploits the Tiva microcontroller family's on-chip features. ARM microcontrollers, which are classified as 32-bit devices, are currently the most popular of all microcontrollers. They cover a wide range of applications that extend from traditional 8-bit devices to 32-bit devices. Of the various ARM subfamilies, Cortex-M4 is a middle-level microcontroller that lends itself well to data acquisition and control as well as digital signal manipulation applications. Given the prominence of ARM microcontrollers, it is important that they should be incorporated in academic curriculums. However, there is a lack of up-to-date teaching material - textbooks and comprehensive laboratory manuals. In this book each of the microcontroller's resources - digital input and output, timers and counters, serial communication channels, analog-to-digital conversion, interrupt structure and power management features - are addressed in a set of more than 70 experiments to help teach a full semester course on these microcontrollers. Beyond these physical interfacing exercises, it describes an inexpensive BoB (break out board) that allows students to learn how to design and build standalone projects, as well a number of illustrative projects.

Multiconductor transmission lines form the basic building blocks of microwave and millimetre-wave integrated circuits, and are omnipresent in digital systems. The early chapters of this book give a detailed account of the way in which self-consistent CAD circuit models for such coupled lines, carrying either TEM or hybrid modes, can be obtained from a full-wave solution of Maxwell's equations. Most of the knowledge in the field is covered, including the latest advances for lossy lines. Subsequent chapters discuss the full-wave integral equation solution for basic transmission structures on MMICs, PCBs, and Multiwire (R) and Microwire (R) boards with the method of moments. For thin coupled microstrips and striplines the proposed space domain solution offers an alternative for the classical spectral domain approach. This book is the first to handle the full-wave analysis of discrete wire structures and of lossy polygonal conductors. The modal propogation constants and all (coupling) impedances necessary to construct a circuit model are determined.

This book introduces Open Core Protocol (OCP) not as a conventional hardware communications protocol but as a meta-protocol: a means for describing and capturing the communications requirements of an IP core, and mapping them to a specific set of signals with known semantics. Readers will learn the capabilities of OCP as a semiconductor hardware interface specification that allows different System-On-Chip (SoC) cores to communicate. The OCP methodology presented enables intellectual property designers to design core interfaces in standard ways. This facilitates reusing OCP-compliant cores across multiple SoC designs which, in turn, drastically reduces design times, support costs, and overall cost for electronics/SoCs."

This book gives insight into the emerging semiconductor devices from their applications in electronic circuits. It discusses the challenges in the field of engineering and applications of advanced low-power devices. Emerging Low-Power Semiconductor Devices: Applications for Future Technology Nodes offers essential exposure to low-power devices, and applications in wireless, biosensing, and circuit domains. This book provides a detailed discussion on all aspects, including the current and future scenarios related to the low-power device. The book also presents basic knowledge about field-effect transistor (FET) devices and introduces emerging and novel FET devices. The chapters include a review of the usage of FET devices in various domains like biosensing, wireless, and cryogenics applications. The chapters also explore device-circuit co-design issues in the digital and analog domains. The content is presented in an easy-to-follow manner that makes it ideal for individuals new to the subject. This book is intended for scientists, researchers, and postgraduate students looking for an understanding of device physics, circuits, and systems.

This book discusses control units represented by the model of a finite state machine (FSM). It contains various original methods and takes into account the peculiarities of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) chips and a FSM model. It shows that one of the peculiarities of FPGA chips is the existence of embedded memory blocks (EMB). The book is devoted to the solution of problems of logic synthesis and reduction of hardware amount in control units. The book will be interesting and useful for researchers and PhD students in the area of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, as well as for designers of modern digital systems.

Covering both the fundamentals and the in-depth topics related to Verilog digital design, both students and experts can benefit from reading this book by gaining a comprehensive understanding of how modern electronic products are designed and implemented. Principles of Verilog Digital Design contains many hands-on examples accompanied by RTL codes that together can bring a beginner into the digital design realm without needing too much background in the subject area. This book has a particular focus on how to transform design concepts into physical implementations using architecture and timing diagrams. Common mistakes a beginner or even an experienced engineer can make are summarized and addressed as well. Beyond the legal details of Verilog codes, the book additionally presents what uses Verilog codes have through some pertinent design principles. Moreover, students reading this book will gain knowledge about system-level design concepts. Several ASIC designs are illustrated in detail as well. In addition to design principles and skills, modern design methodology and how it is carried out in practice today are explored in depth as well.

Common Waveform Analysis, which will be of interest to both electrical engineers and mathematicians, applies the classic Fourier analysis to common waveforms. The following questions are answered: Can a signal be considered a superposition of common waveforms with different frequencies? How can a signal be decomposed into a series of common waveforms? How can a signal best be approximated using finite common waveforms? How can a combination of common waveforms that equals a given signal at N uniform points be found? Can common waveforms be used in techniques that have traditionally been based on sine-cosine functions? Common Waveform Analysis represents the most advanced research available to research scientists and scholars working in fields related to the area.

The spiral vector theory proposed and explained in this book unifies the steady state and transient state theories of AC circuits and machines. Previously steady state theory and transient state theory were separated by different expressions for state variables. This new theory makes possible the analysis of transient phenomena in three phase machines, an area largely untouched by conventional AC machine theories. Results of AC motor analysis obtained by the spiral vector method have led directly to new torque controls which give AC motors much superior performance to the usual DC control motors. With the rapid developments in inverter technology making the control of AC power easier the spiral vector theory provides the necessary theoretical foundation for the understanding and design of AC circuits and machines. The spiral vector theory provides superior computer simulations to AC circuits and machines, which are simple in structure and easy in use. The salient-pole AC generator is a good example for it.

Enabling Technologies for the Internet of Things: Wireless Circuits, Systems and Networks collects slides and notes from the lectures given in the 2017 Seasonal School Enabling Technologies for the Internet-of-Things, supported by IEEE CAS Society and by INTEL funding, and organized by Prof. Sergio Saponara, and Prof. Giuliano Manara. The book discusses new trends in Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies, considering technological and training aspects, with special focus on electronic and electromagnetic circuits and systems. IoT involves research and design activities both in analog and in digital circuit/signal domains, including focus on sensors interfacing and conditioning, energy harvesting, low-power signal processing, wireless connectivity and networking, functional safety (FuSa). FuSa is one of the emerging key issues in IoT applications in safety critical domain like industry 4.0, autonomous and connected vehicles and e-health. Our world is becoming more and more interconnected. Currently it is estimated that two hundred billion smart objects will be part of the IoT by 2020. This new scenario will pave the way to innovative business models and will bring new experiences in everyday life. The challenge is offering products, services and comprehensive solutions for the IoT, from technology to intelligent and connected objects and devices to connectivity and data centers, enhancing smart home, smart factory, autonomous driving cars and much more, while at the same time ensuring the highest safety standards. In safety-critical contexts, where a fault could jeopardize the human life, safety becomes a key aspect.

This book covers the theory, modeling, and implementation of different RF energy harvesting systems. RF energy harvesting is the best choice among the existing renewable energy sources, in terms of availability, cost, size, and integration with other systems. The device used for harvesting RF energy is called rectenna. A rectenna can work at the microwave, millimeter-wave, and terahertz waves. It also has the capability to operate at optical frequencies to be used for 6G and beyond communication systems. This book covers all aspects of wireless power transfer (WPT)/wireless energy harvesting (WEH), basics, theoretical concepts, and advanced developments occurring in the field of energy harvesting. It also covers the design theory for different types of antenna, rectifier, and impedance matching circuits used in RF energy harvesting systems. Different future and present applications, such as charging of vehicles, smart medical health care, self-driven e-vehicles, self-sustainable home automation system, and wireless drones, have also been discussed in detail.

Embedded System Design: Modeling, Synthesis and Verification introduces a model-based approach to system level design. It presents modeling techniques for both computation and communication at different levels of abstraction, such as specification, transaction level and cycle-accurate level. It discusses synthesis methods for system level architectures, embedded software and hardware components. Using these methods, designers can develop applications with high level models, which are automatically translatable to low level implementations. This book, furthermore, describes simulation-based and formal verification methods that are essential for achieving design confidence. The book concludes with an overview of existing tools along with a design case study outlining the practice of embedded system design. Specifically, this book addresses the following topics in detail:

. System modeling at different abstraction levels

. Model-based system design

. Hardware/Software codesign

. Software and Hardware component synthesis

. System verification

This book is for groups within the embedded system community: students in courses on embedded systems, embedded application developers, system designers and managers, CAD tool developers, design automation, and system engineering.

This book provides an in-depth introduction to the newest technologies for designing wireless power transfer systems for medical applications. The authors present a systematic classification of the various types of wireless power transfer, with a focus on inductive power coupling. Readers will learn to overcome many challenges faced in the design a wirelessly powered implant, such as power transfer efficiency, power stability, and the size of power antennas and circuits. This book focuses exclusively on medical applications of the technology and a batteryless capsule endoscopy system and other, real wirelessly powered systems are used as examples of the techniques described.

This is an open access book. Important tasks must be completed on time and with guaranteed quality; that is the consensus reached by system designers and users. However, for too long, important tasks have often been given unnecessary urgency, and people intuitively believe that important tasks should be executed first so that their performance can be guaranteed. Actually, in most cases, their performance can be guaranteed even if they are executed later, and the "early" resources can be utilized for other, more urgent tasks. Therefore, confusing importance with urgency hinders the proper use of system resources. In 2007, mixed criticality was proposed to indicate that a system may contain tasks of various importance levels. Since then, system designers and users have distinguished between importance and urgency. In the industrial field, due to the harsh environment they operate in, industrial wireless networks' quality of service (QoS) has always been a bottleneck restricting their applications. Therefore, this book introduces criticality to label important data, which is then allocated more transmission resources, ensuring that important data's QoS requirements can be met to the extent possible. To help readers understand how to apply mixed-criticality data to industrial wireless networks, the content is divided into three parts. First, we introduce how to integrate the model of mixed-criticality data into industrial wireless networks. Second, we explain how to analyze the schedulability of mixed-criticality data under existing scheduling algorithms. Third, we present a range of novel scheduling algorithms for mixed-criticality data. If you want to improve the QoS of industrial wireless networks, this book is for you.

Modern electronics is about implementing hardware functions in semiconductor chips and about the software that runs these semi-conductor circuits. Very large scale integration (VLSI) of electronic circuits and systems needs interdisciplinary work by device physicists, process developers, circuit designers, design automation specialists, and computer architects. This book covers all these topics from semiconductor devices to systems in a compact manner. The text outlines the latest advances in semiconductor devices for VLSI circuits but also includes simple and easy to use analytical models as well as results of device simulation. The circuits part gives an overview of basic bi-polar and field effect transistor gates and is mainly devoted to CMOS standard cells and functional blocks (macrocells). The systems part outlines the top-down design style of digital systems (mainly processors and memories) using functional blocks described in the previous circuit part. Finally some problems of testing and details of physical layout of chips are considered. As background to this text, introductory courses such as "Electron Physics" "Electronic Devices and Circuits" or "Computer Engineering" would be helpful.

A subtle change that leads to disastrous consequences-hardware Trojans undoubtedly pose one of the greatest security threats to the modern age. How to protect hardware against these malicious modifications? One potential solution hides within logic locking; a prominent hardware obfuscation technique. In this book, we take a step-by-step approach to understanding logic locking, from its fundamental mechanics, over the implementation in software, down to an in-depth analysis of security properties in the age of machine learning. This book can be used as a reference for beginners and experts alike who wish to dive into the world of logic locking, thereby having a holistic view of the entire infrastructure required to design, evaluate, and deploy modern locking policies.

A practical, comprehensive survey of SOI CMOS devices and circuits for microelectronics engineers

The microelectronics industry is becoming increasingly dependent on SOI CMOS VLSI devices and circuits. This book is the first to address this important topic with a practical focus on devices and circuits. It provides an up-to-date survey of the current knowledge regarding SOI device behaviors and describes state-of-the-art low-voltage CMOS VLSI analog and digital circuit techniques.

Low-Voltage SOI CMOS VLSI Devices and Circuits covers the entire field, from basic concepts to the most advanced ideas. Topics include:

• SOI device behavior: fundamental and floating body effects, hot carrier effects, sensitivity, reliability, self-heating, breakdown, ESD, dual-gate devices, accumulation-mode devices, short channel effects, and narrow channel effects
• Low-voltage SOI digital circuits: floating body effects, DRAM, SRAM, static logic, dynamic logic, gate array, CPU, frequency divider, and DSP
• Low-voltage SOI analog circuits: op amps, filters, ADC/DAC, sigma-delta modulators, RF circuits, VCO, mixers, low-noise amplifiers, and high-temperature circuits

With over 300 references to the state of the art and over 300 important figures on low-voltage SOI CMOS devices and circuits, this volume serves as an authoritative, reliable resource for engineers designing these circuits in high-tech industries.