Nanoscale Compound Semiconductors and their Optoelectronics Applications provides the basic and fundamental properties of nanoscale compound semiconductors and their role in modern technological products. The book discusses all important properties of this important category of materials such as their optical properties, size-dependent properties, and tunable properties. Key methods are reviewed, including synthesis techniques and characterization strategies. The role of compound semiconductors in the advancement of energy efficient optoelectronics and solar cell devices is also discussed. The book also touches on the photocatalytic property of the materials by doping with graphene oxides--an emerging and new pathway.

Drastic improvements in both access to satellite images and data processing tools today allow near real-time observation of Earth surface deformations. Remote sensing imagery is thus a powerful, reliable and spatially dense source of information that can be used to understand the Earth and its surface manifestations as well as mitigate natural hazards. This book offers for the first time a complete overview of the methodological approaches developed to measure surface displacement using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical imagery, as well as their applications in the monitoring of major geophysical phenomena. More specifically, the first part of the book presents the theory behind SAR interferometry (InSAR) and image correlation and its latest developments. In the second part, most of the geophysical phenomena that trigger Earth surface deformations are reviewed. Surface Displacement Measurement from Remote Sensing Images unveils the potential and sensitivity of the measurement of Earth surface displacements from remote sensing imagery.

5G NR and Enhancements: From R15 to R16 introduces 5G standards, along with the 5G standardization procedure. The pros and cons of this technical option are reviewed, with the reason why the solution selected explained. The book's authors are 3GPP delegates who have been working on 4G/5G standardization for over 10 years. Their experience with the 5G standardization process will help readers understand the technology. Thousands of 3GPP papers and dozens of meeting minutes are also included to help explain how the 5G stand came into form.

Cyber-Physical Systems: AI and COVID-19 highlights original research which addresses current data challenges in terms of the development of mathematical models, cyber-physical systems-based tools and techniques, and the design and development of algorithmic solutions, etc. It reviews the technical concepts of gathering, processing and analyzing data from cyber-physical systems (CPS) and reviews tools and techniques that can be used. This book will act as a resource to guide COVID researchers as they move forward with clinical and epidemiological studies on this outbreak, including the technical concepts of gathering, processing and analyzing data from cyber-physical systems (CPS). The major problem in the identification of COVID-19 is detection and diagnosis due to non-availability of medicine. In this situation, only one method, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) has been widely adopted and used for diagnosis. With the evolution of COVID-19, the global research community has implemented many machine learning and deep learning-based approaches with incremental datasets. However, finding more accurate identification and prediction methods are crucial at this juncture.

Intelligent Sensing and Communications for Internet of Everything introduces three application scenarios of enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), large-scale machine connection (mMTC) and ultra reliable low latency communication (URLLC). A new communication model, namely backscatter communication (BackCom), intelligent reflector surface (IRS) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology in Internet of Everything (IoE), is described in detail. Also focusing on millimeter wave, the book discusses the potential application of terahertz 6G network spectrum in the Internet of Things (IoT). Finally, the applications of IoE network in big data, artificial intelligence (AI) technology and fog/edge computing technology are proposed.

The Beginnings of Electron Microscopy - Part 1, Volume 220 in the Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics series highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on Electron-optical Research at the AEG Forschungs-Institut 1928-1940, On the History of Scanning Electron Microscopy, of the Electron Microprobe, and of Early Contributions to Transmission Electron Microscopy, Random Recollections of the Early Days, Early History of Electron Microscopy in Czechoslovakia, Personal Reminiscences of Early Days in Electron, Megavolt Electron Microscopy, Cryo-Electron Microscopy and Ultramicrotomy: Reminiscences and Reflections, and much more.

Dielectric Spectroscopy of Electronic Materials: Applied Physics of Dielectrics incorporates the results of four decades of research and applications of dielectric spectroscopy for solids, mostly for the investigation of materials used in electronics. The book differs from others by more detailed analysis of the features of dielectric spectra conditioned by specific mechanisms of electrical polarization and conductivity. Some original methods are presented in the simulation of frequency distributions (relaxers and oscillators), with methods proposed for various ferroelectrics frequency-temperature dielectric spectra. Also described are original methods for ferroelectrics on microwaves investigation, including the features of thin films study. The book is not burdened by complex mathematical proofs and should help readers quickly understand how to apply dielectric spectroscopy methods to their own research problems. More advanced readers may also find this book valuable as a review of the key concepts and latest advances on the topics presented.

Artificial Intelligence for Future Generation Robotics offers a vision for potential future robotics applications for AI technologies. Each chapter includes theory and mathematics to stimulate novel research directions based on the state-of-the-art in AI and smart robotics. Organized by application into ten chapters, this book offers a practical tool for researchers and engineers looking for new avenues and use-cases that combine AI with smart robotics. As we witness exponential growth in automation and the rapid advancement of underpinning technologies, such as ubiquitous computing, sensing, intelligent data processing, mobile computing and context aware applications, this book is an ideal resource for future innovation.

Discover the most recent advances in electromagnetic vortices In Electromagnetic Vortices: Wave Phenomena and Engineering Applications, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a cutting-edge treatment of electromagnetic vortex waves, including their theoretical foundation, related wave properties, and several potentially transformative applications. The book is divided into three parts. The editors first include resources that describe the generation, sorting, and manipulation of vortex waves, as well as descriptions of interesting wave behavior in the infrared and optical regimes with custom-designed nanostructures. They then discuss the generation, multiplexing, and propagation of vortex waves at the microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies. Finally, the selected contributions discuss several representative practical applications of vortex waves from a system perspective. With coverage that incorporates demonstration examples from a wide range of related sub-areas, this essential edited volume also offers: Thorough introductions to the generation of optical vortex beams and transformation optical vortex wave synthesizers Comprehensive explorations of millimeter-wave metasurfaces for high-capacity and broadband generation of vector vortex beams, as well as orbital angular momentum (OAM) detection and its observation in second harmonic generations Practical discussions of microwave SPP circuits and coding metasurfaces for vortex beam generation and OAM-based structured radio beams and their applications In-depth examinations and explorations of OAM multiplexing for wireless communications, wireless power transmission, as well as quantum communications and simulations Perfect for students of wireless communications, antenna/RF design, optical communications, and nanophotonics, Electromagnetic Vortices: Wave Phenomena and Engineering Applications is also an indispensable resource for researchers in academia, at large defense contractors, and in government labs.

Microwave and millimeter-wave (mm-wave) circuits and systems have been widely employed in various emerging technologies such as 5G and beyond wireless mobile communication systems, autonomous driving, electronic warfare, and radar systems. To better understand the benefits, challenges, and opportunities of this technology, further study is required. The Handbook of Research on Emerging Designs and Applications for Microwave and Millimeter Wave Circuits describes the latest advances in microwave and mm-wave applications and provides state-of-the-art research in the domain of microwave, mm-wave, and THz devices and systems. Covering key topics such as antennas, circuits, propagation, and energy harvesting, this major reference work is ideal for computer scientists, industry professionals, researchers, academicians, practitioners, scholars, instructors, and students.

Mem-elements for Neuromorphic Circuits with Artificial Intelligence Applications illustrates recent advances in the field of mem-elements (memristor, memcapacitor, meminductor) and their applications in nonlinear dynamical systems, computer science, analog and digital systems, and in neuromorphic circuits and artificial intelligence. The book is mainly devoted to recent results, critical aspects and perspectives of ongoing research on relevant topics, all involving networks of mem-elements devices in diverse applications. Sections contribute to the discussion of memristive materials and transport mechanisms, presenting various types of physical structures that can be fabricated to realize mem-elements in integrated circuits and device modeling. As the last decade has seen an increasing interest in recent advances in mem-elements and their applications in neuromorphic circuits and artificial intelligence, this book will attract researchers in various fields.

Structured Light for Optical Communication highlights principles and applications in the rapidly evolving field of structured light in wide-ranging contexts, from classical forms of communication to new frontiers of quantum communication. Besides the basic principles and applications, the book covers the background of structured light in its most common forms, as well as state-of-the-art developments. Structured light has been hailed as affording outstanding prospects for the realization of high bandwidth communication, enhanced tools for more highly secure cryptography, and exciting opportunities for providing a reliable platform for quantum computing. This book is a valuable resource for graduate students and other active researchers, as well as others who may be interested in learning about this cutting-edge research field.

Advanced Methods and Deep Learning in Computer Vision presents advanced computer vision methods, emphasizing machine and deep learning techniques that have emerged during the past 5-10 years. The book provides clear explanations of principles and algorithms supported with applications. Topics covered include machine learning, deep learning networks, generative adversarial networks, deep reinforcement learning, self-supervised learning, extraction of robust features, object detection, semantic segmentation, linguistic descriptions of images, visual search, visual tracking, 3D shape retrieval, image inpainting, novelty and anomaly detection. This book provides easy learning for researchers and practitioners of advanced computer vision methods, but it is also suitable as a textbook for a second course on computer vision and deep learning for advanced undergraduates and graduate students.

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a powerful sensing technology widely used for the non-destructive assessment of a variety of structures with different properties including dimensions, electrical properties, and moisture. After an introduction to the underlying concepts, this book guides the reader through the development and use of a GPR system, with an emphasis on the parameters that can be optimized, the theory behind assessment, and a coherent methodology to obtain results from a measured or simulated GPR signal. The authors then embark on a detailed discussion of support tools and numerical modelling techniques that can be applied to improve readings from GPR systems. Ground Penetrating Radar is of interest to engineers, scientists, researchers and professionals working in the fields of ground penetrating radar, non-destructive testing, geoscience and remote sensing, antennas and propagation, microwaves, electromagnetics and imaging. It will also be of use to professionals and academics in the fields of electrical, mechanical, sensing, and civil engineering as well as material science and archaeology concerned with quality control and fault analysis.

Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics, Volume 219, merges two long-running serials, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. The series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science, digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy and the computing methods used in all these domains.

Organic Ferroelectric Materials and Applications aims to bring an up-to date account of the field with discussion of recent findings. This book presents an interdisciplinary resource for scientists from both academia and industry on the science and applications of molecular organic piezo- and ferroelectric materials. The book addresses the fundamental science of ferroelectric polymers, molecular crystals, supramolecular networks, and other key and emerging organic materials systems. It touches on important processing and characterization methods and provides an overview of current and emerging applications of organic piezoelectrics and ferroelectrics for electronics, sensors, energy harvesting, and biomedical technologies. Organic Ferroelectric Materials and Applications will be of special interest to those in academia or industry working in materials science, engineering, chemistry, and physics.

Metal Oxide-based Nanofibers and their Applications provides an in-depth overview on developments surrounding the synthesis, characterization properties, and applications achieved by scientific leaders in the area. Sections deal with the theoretical and experimental aspects of the synthesis and methodologies to control microstructure, composition and shape of the nanofibrous metal oxides, review the applications of metal oxide nanofibers in diverse technologies, with special focus on the relation between the structural, morphological and compositional features of the nanofibers, cover applications of metal oxide nanofibers in the fields of sensing (biosensing, gas sensing), and consider biomedical and cleaning technologies. Lastly, a final section covers their application in energy generation and storage technologies (e. g. piezoelectric, solar cells, solid oxide fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and hydrogen storage are reviewed.

Mid-Infrared Fibre Photonics: Glass Materials, Fibre Fabrication and Processing, Laser Sources and Devicess combines the latest glass chemistry, fibre fabrication and post processing techniques to provide a comprehensive reference on the fundamental science and latest research in fibre photonics for the mid-infrared range. The book systematically reviews the key glass materials systems including fluorides, chalcogenides, and oxides. Each materials chapter includes discussion of composition, structure, thermal, optical and mechanical properties, extrinsic and intrinsic loss mechanisms, materials preparation and purification techniques. Then Mid-Infrared Fibre Photonics: Glass Materials, Fibre Fabrication and Processing, Laser Sources and Devicess covers the most relevant fabrication, post-processing, and spectroscopy techniques. Fibre sources are also addressed including fibre sources for continuous wave emission, pulsed emission, and broadband emission. The book concludes with a brief overview of important medical, sensing and defence applications.

Ultrawide Bandgap Semiconductors, Volume 107 in the Semiconductors and Semimetals series, highlights the latest breakthrough in fundamental science and technology development of ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductor materials and devices based on gallium oxide, aluminium nitride, boron nitride, and diamond. It includes important topics on the materials growth, characterization, and device applications of UWBG materials, where electronic, photonic, thermal and quantum properties are all thoroughly explored.

Dielectric Metamaterials and Metasurfaces in Transformation Optics and Photonics addresses the complexity of electromagnetic responses from arrays of dielectric resonators, which are often omitted from consideration when using simplified metamaterials concepts. The book's authors present a thorough consideration of dielectric resonances in different environments which is needed to design optical and photonic devices. Dielectric metamaterials and photonic crystals are compared, with their effects analyzed. Design approaches and examples of designs for invisibility cloaks based on artificial media are also included. Current challenge of incorporating artificial materials into transformation optics-based and photonics devices are also covered.